Motor control development and decline

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 59 - 140

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

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Different Cortex Activation Between Young and Middle-Aged People During Different Type Problem-Solving: An EEG&fN IRS Study

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 121062 - 121062

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Functional Connectivity-Based Compensation in the Brains of Non-Demented Older Adults and the Influence of Lifestyle: A longitudinal 7-Year Study

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 308, P. 121075 - 121075

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Language: Английский

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Age‐ and Sex‐Specific Patterns in Adult Brain Network Segregation

Human Brain Mapping, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 46(4)

Published: March 1, 2025

The human brain is organized into several segregated associative and sensory functional networks, each responsible for various aspects of cognitive processing. These networks become less over the adult lifespan, possibly contributing to decline that observed during advanced age. To date, a comprehensive understanding decreasing network segregation with age has been hampered by (1) small sample sizes, (2) lack investigation at different spatial scales, (3) limited range participants, more importantly (4) an inadequate consideration sex (biological females males) differences. This study aimed address these shortcomings. Resting-state magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 357 cognitively intact participants (18.2-91.8 years; 49.9 ± 17.1 27.70 1.72 MoCA score, 203 [56.8%] females), index (defined as one minus ratio between-network connectivity within-network connectivity) was calculated three scales networks: whole-brain network, intermediate well core visual (VIS), sensorimotor (SMN), frontoparietal (FPN), ventral attention (VAN), dorsal (DAN), default mode (DMN). Where applicable, secondary within-, between-, pairwise analyses also conducted investigate origin any effects on segregation. For given metric, linear quadratic effects, respective interaction assessed using backwards iterative regression modeling. Replicating previous work, found across adulthood. Specifically, negative decreases in VAN, DMN observed. Intermediate VIS, SMN exhibited index. Secondary analysis revealed this process age-related reorganization preferential increase either between anatomically adjacent (DMN-DAN, FPN-DAN) or anterior posterior (VIS-DAN, VIS-DMN, VIS-FPN, SMN-DMN, SMN-FPN). Inherent differences whole-brain, associative, DMN, FPN greater compared males, irrespective have reduced (DAN-VAN, VAN-FPN) males independent A notable decrease SI only not males. findings support notion reorganize becoming segregated. may reflect underlying neurocognitive aging mechanisms like neural dedifferentiation, inefficiency, compensation. trajectories rates segregation, however, vary networks. provides preliminary evidence inherent organization, where are than suggest female be efficient functionally specialized Given findings, future studies should take focused approach examining incorporating multimodal methodologies.

Language: Английский

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Estimating Chronological Age From the Electrical Activity of the Brain: How EEG‐Age Can Be Used as a Marker of General Brain Functioning

Psychophysiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 62(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

ABSTRACT With an aging global population, the number of older adults with age‐related changes in brain, including dementia, will continue to increase unless we can make progress early detection and treatment such conditions. There is extensive literature on effects EEG, particularly a decline Peak Alpha Frequency (PAF), but here, reversal convention, used EEG power‐frequency spectrum estimate chronological age. The motivation for this approach was that individual's brain age might act as proxy their general functioning, whereby discrepancy between could prove clinically informative by implicating deleterious sample sixty healthy adults, whose ages ranged from 20 78 years, using multivariate methods analyze broad (0.1–45 Hz), strong positive correlations emerged. Furthermore, more accurate accounted variance than well‐established PAF‐based estimates age, indicating be comprehensive measure functioning. We conclude become biomarker neural cognitive integrity.

Language: Английский

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Cognitive training and retest learning effects on theta and alpha power in older and young adults: A perspective on the crunch hypothesis and the STAC-R model

International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 100568 - 100568

Published: April 1, 2025

According to the STAC-R model, scaffolding enhancement is achievable through various interventions. Indicating forms of compensatory scaffolding, model refers phenomena described in other theoretical models, such as enhanced fronto-parietal recruitment CRUNCH hypothesis. The presented study investigated whether working memory training can induce older adults increased prefrontal and parietal involvement (indicated by changes theta alpha power). sample comprised 90 individuals, including 45 participants from experimental (22 23 young adults) passive control group (21 24 adults). age range was 60-75 years for 20-35 adults. We assessed effects a 12-session with use adaptive n-back task on power measured frontal midline central-parietal areas EEG during performance at three difficulty levels. At behavioral level, we found positive, significant improvement cognitive group. In contrast, positive were too small prove statistically significant. level neuronal activity, observed not effect but retest effect. It revealed primarily oscillations manifested higher demands equalization younger persons post-test. For oscillations, negligible, its only manifestation reduction dependence difficulty. results indicate limited potential improving WM compared presence learning effect, instead proved that familiarity crucial, rather than regular performance. Changes be considered these are consistent hypothesis role executive involvement. turn, same should maladaptive. Nevertheless, given overall findings, it concluded although stronger adults, activity resulting more marked

Language: Английский

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Compensatory brain activity pattern is not present in older adults during the n-back task performance—Findings based on EEG frequency analysis

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: April 11, 2024

Introduction Cognitive ability is one of the most important enablers for successful aging. At same time, cognitive decline a well-documented phenomenon accompanying aging process. Nevertheless, it acknowledged that can also be related to positive processes allow compensate decline. These include compensatory brain activity older adults primarily investigated using fMRI and PET. To strengthen interpretation in adults, we searched its indicators measured by EEG. Methods The study sample comprised 110 volunteers, including 50 (60–75 years old) 60 young (20–35 who performed 1-back, 2-back, 3-back tasks while recording EEG signal. analyzed (1) level performance, sensitivity index, percentage correct answers target, false alarm errors; (2) theta alpha power electrodes located frontal-midline (Fz, AF3, AF4, F3, F4, FC1, FC2) centro-parietal (CP1, CP2, P3, P4, Pz) areas. Results performance was worse than which manifested significantly lower index higher error rate at all levels n-back task difficulty. Simultaneously, worsened with increasing difficulty regardless age. Significantly participants observed levels, even lowest one, where expected. this level, could reduce chances observing activity. significant decrease both age groups rising reflect declining capacity efficient functioning under demands rather adapting increase. Moreover, decreased some extent demand, reflecting adaptation them, no analogous pattern observed. Discussion In conclusion, based on results current study, presence cannot inferred.

Language: Английский

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Resting-State Changes in Aging and Parkinson’s Disease Are Shaped by Underlying Neurotransmission: A Normative Modeling Study

Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(10), P. 986 - 997

Published: April 26, 2024

Human healthy and pathological aging is linked to a steady decline in brain resting state activity connectivity measures. The neurophysiological mechanisms underlying these changes remain poorly understood. Making use of recent developments normative modeling availability vivo maps for various neurochemical systems, we test the UK Biobank cohort (N=25917) if how age- Parkinson's disease related commonly applied local global measures co-localize with neurotransmitter systems. We find distributions several major systems including serotonergic, dopaminergic, noradrenergic, glutamatergic neurotransmission correlate age-related as observed across functional Co-localization patterns deviate from trajectories these, well cholinergic GABAergic, neurotransmission. deviation normal co-localization function GABAa correlates duration. These findings provide new insights into molecular by extending existing evidence elucidating vulnerability specific attributes disease. results particularly indicate that alongside dopamine serotonin, increased glutamatergic, cholinergic, GABAergic may also contribute disease-related alterations. Combining mapping aid future research drug development through deeper understanding clinical conditions.

Language: Английский

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Finding the Words: How Does the Aging Brain Process Language? A Focused Review of Brain Connectivity and Compensatory Pathways

Topics in Cognitive Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 12, 2024

Abstract As people age, there is a natural decline in cognitive functioning and brain structure. However, the relationship between function cognition older adults neither straightforward nor uniform. Instead, it complex, influenced by multiple factors, can vary considerably from one person to another. Reserve, compensation, maintenance mechanisms may help explain why some maintain high levels of performance while others struggle. These are often studied concerning memory executive functions that particularly sensitive effects aging. language abilities also be affected with changes production fluency. The impact on needs further investigated understand dynamics patterns aging, especially successful We previously modeled several compensatory profiles lexical access/retrieval aging within Lexical Access Retrieval Aging (LARA) model. In present paper, we propose an extended version LARA model, called LARA‐Connectivity (LARA‐C), incorporating recent evidence connectivity. Finally, discuss factors influence strategies implemented LARA‐C model serve as framework individual open avenues for possible personalized interventions.

Language: Английский

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Aging-dependent loss of functional connectivity in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease and reversal by mGluR5 modulator

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 18, 2024

Amyloid accumulation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with synaptic damage and altered connectivity brain networks. While measures of amyloid biochemical changes mouse models have utility for translational studies certain therapeutics, preclinical analysis using clinically relevant fMRI has not been well developed agents intended to improve neural Here, we conduct a longitudinal study double knock-in model AD (AppNL-G-F/hMapt), monitoring by means resting-state fMRI. the 4-month-old mice are indistinguishable from wild-type controls (WT), decreased default-mode network significant relative WT 6 months age pronounced 9 age. In second cohort 20-month-old persistent functional deficits WT, assess impact two-months oral treatment silent allosteric modulator mGluR5 (BMS-984923/ALX001) known rescue density. Functional aged reversed mGluR5-directed treatment. The application enabled us define time trajectory AD-related connectivity, demonstrate translatable metric emergence, progression, response synapse-rescuing

Language: Английский

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