Harnessing Brain Plasticity: The Therapeutic Power of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and Theta Burst Stimulation (TBS) in Neurotransmitter Modulation, Receptor Dynamics, and Neuroimaging for Neurological Innovations

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(11), P. 2506 - 2506

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) methods have become exciting techniques for altering brain activity and improving synaptic plasticity, earning recognition as valuable non-medicine treatments a wide range of neurological disorders. Among these methods, repetitive TMS (rTMS) theta-burst (TBS) show significant promise in outcomes adults with complex neurodegenerative conditions, such Alzheimer's disease, stroke, Parkinson's etc. However, optimizing their effects remains challenge due to variability how patients respond limited understanding interact crucial neurotransmitter systems. This narrative review explores the mechanisms rTMS TBS, which enhance neuroplasticity functional improvement. We specifically focus on GABAergic glutamatergic pathways they key receptors like N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) AMPA receptors, play essential roles processes long-term potentiation (LTP) depression (LTD). Additionally, we investigate TBS impact connectivity, particularly concerning brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) tropomyosin-related kinase receptor type B (TrkB). Here, highlight potential this research expand our better treatment patients. Through clarifying neurobiology behind neuroimaging findings, aim develop more effective, personalized plans that effectively address challenges posed by disorders ultimately quality neurorehabilitation services provide future directions patients' care.

Language: Английский

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Nanoencapsulated Curcumin: Enhanced Efficacy in Reversing Memory Loss in An Alzheimer Disease Model

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 130 - 130

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

Investigating new drugs or formulations that target Alzheimer disease (AD) is critical for advancing therapeutic interventions. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of nanoencapsulated curcumin (NC Curc) in alleviating memory impairment, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation a validated AD model. Male Wistar rats were given bilateral intracerebroventricular injections either saline streptozotocin (STZ) (3 mg/3 µL/site) establish model (day 0). On day 22, daily oral administrations (6 mg/kg), NC Curc vehicle (unloaded NC) initiated continued 14 days. significantly reversed deficits object recognition inhibitory avoidance tests induced by STZ. Both attenuated elevated acetylcholinesterase activity caused Importantly, alone effectively mitigated STZ-induced stress. Additionally, treatment normalized GFAP levels, suggesting potential reduction STZ-treated rats. Our findings indicate improves an rat model, highlighting its enhanced effects compared unencapsulated curcumin. This research contributes understanding neurorestorative AD, particularly reversing pathophysiological changes.

Language: Английский

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Effects of a periodic intermittent theta burst stimulation in Alzheimer’s disease

General Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 37(1), P. e101106 - e101106

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Previous studies have demonstrated that excitatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can improve the cognitive function of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Intermittent theta burst (iTBS) is a novel rTMS protocol for brain activity ability to induce long-term potentiation-like plasticity and represents promising treatment AD. However, effects iTBS on decline structure in AD are unknown. We aimed explore whether repeating accelerated every three months could slow down In this randomised, assessor-blinded, controlled trial, was administered left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) 42 14 days 13 weeks. Measurements included Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), comprehensive neuropsychological battery, grey matter volume (GMV) hippocampus. Patients were evaluated at baseline after follow-up. The longitudinal pipeline Computational Anatomy Toolbox SPM used detect significant treatment-related changes over time. group maintained MoCA scores relative control (t=3.26, p=0.013) reduced hippocampal atrophy, which significantly correlated global degeneration scale changes. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, apolipoprotein E genotype Clinical Dementia Rating indicative Moreover, GMV (t=0.08, p=0.996) right (t=0.19, p=0.977) hippocampus active but declined (left: t=4.13, p<0.001; right: t=5.31, p<0.001). change (r=0.35, p=0.023) (r=0.36, p=0.021) across intervention positively changes; negatively (r=-0.32, p=0.041) DLPFC-iTBS may be feasible easy-to-implement non-pharmacological progressive overall cognition quality life AD, providing new option. NCT04754152.

Language: Английский

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The long-term effects of intermittent theta burst stimulation on Alzheimer's disease-type pathologies in APP/PS1 mice

Brain Research Bulletin, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 202, P. 110735 - 110735

Published: Aug. 14, 2023

Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), an emerging and highly efficient paradigm of repetitive transcranial magnetic (rTMS), has been demonstrated to mitigate cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease. Previous clinical studies have shown that the improvement iTBS could last several weeks after treatment. Nonetheless, it is largely uncertain how long-term effects treatment are sustained. To investigate whether a effect on AD-type pathologies, 6-month-old APP/PS1 mice administrated with 30 consecutive days After 2-month interval, morphological alterations brain examined by immunohistochemistry immunofluorescence staining, while levels associated proteins assessed Western blot at age 9 months. We find significantly diminishes Aβ burden cerebral cortex hippocampus mice. Moreover, we observe inhibits expression BACE1 elevates level IDE, suggesting reduction load be attributed inhibition production facilitation degradation. Furthermore, attenuates neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, synaptic loss Collectively, these data indicate 1 month ameliorates pathologies AD for least 2 provide novel evidence may exert after-effects via

Language: Английский

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Cholinergic neurotransmission in the brain of streptozotocin-induced rat model of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease: long-term follow up

Journal of Neural Transmission, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Sustained Systemic Antioxidative Effects of Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation beyond Neurodegeneration: Implications in Therapy in 6-Hydroxydopamine Model of Parkinson’s Disease

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 218 - 218

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is manifested by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and caudoputamen (Cp), leading to development motor non-motor symptoms. The contribution oxidative stress progression PD increasingly recognized. Experimental models show that strengthening antioxidant defenses reducing pro-oxidant status may have beneficial effects on progression. In this study, neuroprotective potential intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) investigated a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced model rats seven days after intoxication which corresponds occurrence first Two-month-old male Wistar were unilaterally injected with 6-OHDA mimic pathology subsequently divided into two groups receive either iTBS or sham for 21 days. main parameters analyzed caudoputamen, compacta, serum. treatment notably mitigated indicators, simultaneously increasing antioxidative well 6-OHDA-induced neurodegeneration process was over. Serum analysis confirmed systemic effect decrease markers an increase antioxidants. Prolonged exerts modulatory oxidative/antioxidant model, suggesting benefit, even though at specific time point unaltered. These results emphasize need further explore mechanisms argue favor considering it as therapeutic intervention related neurodegenerative diseases.

Language: Английский

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Captopril pretreatment augments diabetogenic response to streptozotocin administration: experimental in vivo rat model

Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: March 25, 2024

Abstract Background Streptozotocin (STZ) is a glucose analogue commonly used for inducing diabetes in experimental animals. This study intended to investigate the ability of captopril (Cap) pretreatment augment STZ-induced diabetogenic effect an rat model. If this hypothesis were proven, Cap administration rats could reduce dosage STZ by augmenting its and resulting subsequent reduction cost. Forty-two adult male Wistar randomly divided into seven groups: control group that fed normal diet, whereas other six groups high-fat diet (HFD). The then STZ-30, STZ-30-Cap, STZ-40, STZ-40-Cap, STZ-50, STZ-50-Cap. All Cap-received supplemented with 50 mg/kg orally one hour just before intraperitoneal (I.P.) injection STZ. 30-STZ, 40-STZ, 50-STZ-treated injected once I.P. at doses 30, 40, mg/kg, respectively. An tolerance test (IPGTT) was done. Pancreatic tissue obtained measure Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin beta (IL-1β), nitric oxide (NO) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) transporter 2 (GLUT2) gene expression reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). sections examined hematoxylin eosin (H&E) stain, immunohistochemical staining anti-insulin anti-TNF-α antibodies. Results indicated different significantly augmented hyperglycemic state evident test, markedly increased pancreatic pro-inflammatory markers. Histological analysis islets Langerhans degeneration extensive vacuolations associated significant decrease mean area % insulin immunoreactivity increase optical density TNF-α immunoreactivity. Conclusion These findings pointed response induced secondary

Language: Английский

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Prolonged intermittent theta burst stimulation restores the balance between A2AR- and A1R-mediated adenosine signaling in the 6-hydroxidopamine model of Parkinson’s disease

Neural Regeneration Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(7), P. 2053 - 2067

Published: July 10, 2024

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202507000-00027/figure1/v/2024-09-09T124005Z/r/image-tiff An imbalance in adenosine-mediated signaling, particularly the increased A 2A R-mediated plays a role pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. Existing therapeutic approaches fail to alter disease progression, demonstrating need for novel PD. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is non-invasive approach that has been shown improve motor and non-motor symptoms However, underlying mechanisms beneficial effects repetitive remain unknown. The purpose this study investigate extent which prolonged intermittent theta burst 6-hydroxydopamine model experimental parkinsonism are based on modulation signaling. Animals with unilateral lesions underwent 3 weeks were tested skills using Rotarod test. Immunoblot, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, biochemical analysis components signaling performed synaptosomal fraction lesioned caudate putamen. Prolonged improved 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned animals. lesion resulted progressive loss dopaminergic neurons Treatment began 7 days after lesion, coinciding onset symptoms. After treatment stimulation, complete recovery was observed. This improvement accompanied by downregulation eN/CD73-A R pathway return physiological levels 1 R-adenosine deaminase stimulation. Our results demonstrated 6-hydroxydopamine-induced degeneration reduced expression elevated R. Intermittent reversed these restoring abundances control levels. shift ARs likely restored balance between dopamine-adenosine ultimately leading control.

Language: Английский

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Progress of research and application of non-pharmacologic intervention in Alzheimer's disease

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 102(2), P. 275 - 294

Published: Oct. 29, 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and neurofibrillary tangles formed high phosphorylation of tau protein. At present, drug therapy the main strategy AD treatment, but its effects are limited to delaying or alleviating AD. Recently, non-pharmacologic intervention has attracted more attention, studies have confirmed that in can improve patient's cognitive function quality life. This paper summarizes current AD, provide useful supplementary means for intervention.

Language: Английский

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Biochemical investigation and in silico analysis of the therapeutic efficacy of Ipriflavone through Tet-1 Surface-Modified-PLGA nanoparticles in Streptozotocin-Induced Alzheimer’s like Disease: Reduced oxidative damage and etiological Descriptors

International Journal of Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 669, P. 125021 - 125021

Published: Dec. 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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