Sex-dependent effects of acute stress in adolescence or adulthood on appetitive motivation

Psychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 241(8), P. 1645 - 1662

Published: May 16, 2024

Language: Английский

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Multiple context discrimination in adult rats: sex variability and dynamics of time-dependent generalization of an aversive memory

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 7, 2024

ABSTRACT Memory generalization can be defined as the transference of conditioned fear responses to novel contexts. It happens in systems consolidation, a time-dependent reduction discrimination precision due rearrangement brain regions supporting memory retrieval. To better understand fine temporal structure this process different sexes, young adult female and male rats were trained contextual conditioning task tested or three contexts either 2, 28 45 days later. A set neutral was selected graded levels expression compared training context obtained, albeit observed only males, not females, recent test - first number sexual dimorphisms detected. This asymmetry, however, disappeared over time partial generalization, with converging similar, higher values, grouped two levels, both sexes. In all experiments, females discriminators displayed lower than apparently valuing sensory modalities. is study compare between retrieving remote memories multiple contexts, allowing several dimorphic findings.

Language: Английский

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Additive, substitutable, and antagonistic prey responses to feral and native predator combinations

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 13, 2024

Abstract In captive experiments of Negev Desert granivores, we investigated the ways in which combinations feral mesocarnivores and native predators alter wild prey behavior. We hypothesized that would have a greater impact on energy acquisition, reflected foraging dynamics, than predators. Allenby’s gerbils ( Gerbillus andersoni allenbyi ) Egyptian pyramidum were used as species, with dogs Canis lupus familiaris ), cats Felis catus barn owls Tyto alba horned vipers Cerastes gasperetti Gerbil perceived risk was measured using optimal patch-use theory, exposures to tethered occurring hourly throughout night. Some nights, two alternated every other hour. found human-commensal predators, particularly cats, induced stronger such owls. Combined caused decrease only when higher-risk predator introduced, indicated by higher giving-up densities (GUDs) for dog cat combination compared alone, nonsignificant increase alone. The especially appears outweigh This highlights conservation challenges arid environments where become ubiquitous. Highlights Feral dogs, elicit anti-predator responses significantly altering behavior habitat use. presence leads cumulative impacts resulting increased vigilance reduced resource suggests disruption predator-prey dynamics. study’s findings emphasize unique posed species ecosystems, limited refugia increases predation from invasive species. research demonstrates how interactions communities tested are impacted both additive effects between but combining ones, effect is substitutable disproportionately influencing Graphical

Language: Английский

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Sex-dependent Effects of the Drugs of Abuse Amphetamine and the Smart Drug 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone on Fear Memory Generalization in Rats

Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 497, P. 107 - 117

Published: Dec. 27, 2021

Language: Английский

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Noninvasive stimulation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex modulates rationality of human decision-making

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 17, 2022

Summary The framing-effect is a bias that affects decision-making depending on whether the available options are presented with positive or negative connotations. Even when outcome of two choices equivalent, people have strong tendency to avoid negatively framed option because losses perceived about twice as salient gains same amount (i.e. loss-aversion). ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) crucial for rational decision-making, and dysfunctions in this region been linked cognitive biases, impulsive behavior gambling addiction. Using financial task combination magnetoencephalographic neuroimaging, we show excitatory compared inhibitory non-invasive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) vmPFC reduces framing-effects while improving assessment loss-probabilities, ultimately leading increased overall gains. Behavioral neural data consistently suggest improvement predominately consequence reduced loss-aversion. These findings recommend further research towards clinical applications vmPFC-tDCS addictive disorders.

Language: Английский

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