The nature and neurobiology of fear and anxiety: State of the science and opportunities for accelerating discovery

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 151, P. 105237 - 105237

Published: May 18, 2023

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Loneliness and Social Isolation on Cognitive Aging: A Narrative Review

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 699 - 714

Published: June 13, 2023

Social concepts such as loneliness and social isolation are fairly new factors that have been recently gaining attention to their involvement in changes cognitive function association with dementia. The primary aim of this narrative review was describe the current understanding how influence aging they linked Studies shown there is an between loneliness, isolation, reduced function, older adults, across multiple domains, well a heightened risk Numerous underlying neural biomechanisms including cortisol secretion brain volume alterations (e.g., white/grey matter, hippocampus) may contribute these relationships. However, due poor quality research, mixed inconclusive findings, issues accurately defining measuring more consistent high-quality interventions needed determine whether studies addressing can impact longer term This especially important given long-term COVID-19 pandemic on people yet be fully understood.

Language: Английский

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Ketogenic diet has a positive association with mental and emotional well-being in the general population

Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 124, P. 112420 - 112420

Published: March 9, 2024

Ketogenic diet reduces pathological stress and improves mood in neurodegenerative neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the effects of ketogenic for people from general population have largely been unexplored. is increasingly used weight loss. Research healthy individuals primarily focuses on physical implications diet. It important to understand holistic not only physiological but also psychological impacts non-clinical samples. The aim this cross-sectional study with multiple cohorts was investigate association different aspects mental health including calmness, contentedness, alertness, cognitive emotional stress, depression, anxiety loneliness a population. Two online surveys were distributed: Cohort 1 using Bond-Lader visual analogue scale (BL-VAS) Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) (n=147) 2 Depression, Anxiety (DASS-21) UCLA-R Loneliness (n=276). associated higher self-reported well-being behaviours compared non-specific This research demonstrated that has potential benefits within

Language: Английский

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Social Isolation, Brain Food Cue Processing, Eating Behaviors, and Mental Health Symptoms

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(4), P. e244855 - e244855

Published: April 4, 2024

Importance Perceived social isolation is associated with negative health outcomes, including increased risk for altered eating behaviors, obesity, and psychological symptoms. However, the underlying neural mechanisms of these pathways are unknown. Objective To investigate association perceived brain reactivity to food cues, mental Design, Setting, Participants This cross-sectional, single-center study recruited healthy, premenopausal female participants from Los Angeles, California, community September 7, 2021, through February 27, 2023. Exposure underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a cue viewing task. Main Outcomes Measures The main outcomes included body composition, self-reported behaviors (food cravings, reward-based eating, addiction, maladaptive behaviors), symptoms (anxiety, depression, positive affect, resilience). Results 93 (mean [SD] age, 25.38 [7.07] years). higher reported fat mass percentage, lower diet quality, (cravings, uncontrolled addiction), poor In whole-brain comparisons, group showed cues in regions default mode, executive control, visual attention networks. Isolation-related changes response sweet foods correlated various These responses mediated connection between (β indirect effect, 0.111; 95% CI, 0.013-0.210; P = .03), composition (β, −0.141; −0.260 −0.021; .02), diminished affect −0.089; −0.188 0.011; .09). Conclusions Relevance findings suggest that within specific responsible processing internal appetite-related states compromised control attentional bias motivation toward external cues. were an worsened health. underscore need holistic mind-body–directed interventions may mitigate adverse consequences isolation.

Language: Английский

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The effects of social loss and isolation on partner odor investigation and dopamine and oxytocin receptor expression in female prairie voles

Neuropharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 267, P. 110298 - 110298

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

In humans, grief is characterized by intense sadness, intrusive thoughts of the deceased, and longing for reunion with deceased. Human fMRI studies show hyperactivity in emotional pain motivational centers brain when an individual reminded a deceased attachment figure, but molecular underpinnings these changes activity are unknown. Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), which establish lifelong social bonds between breeding pairs, also display distress shifts during periods prolonged loss, providing model to investigate behavioral at mechanistic level. Here, novel odor preference test was used assess vs non-social investigation, sucrose non-social, reward-driven motivation. Females that lost male partner investigated partner- food-associated cues significantly more than females female cagemate or remained intact partner. However, experiencing loss did not change investigation stranger-associated cues. Western blotting revealed significant increases dopamine receptor type 1 (DRD1) oxytocin protein content specific regions response distinct relationships. Such effects included increase DRD1 medial preoptic area hypothalamus (mPOA) compared all other conditions. Pharmacological antagonism mPOA blocked loss-associated affect food stranger odors. This reveals dopamine-mediated mechanism partner-seeking behavior prairie voles.

Language: Английский

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Deciphering the mechanisms, biochemistry, physiology, and social habits in the process of aging

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1(1), P. 100003 - 100003

Published: Dec. 25, 2023

Aging is a complex journey shaped by interactions among mechanisms, biochemistry, physiology, and social habits. This review explores aging's core facets uncovering the mechanisms driving cellular senescence, oxidative stress, telomere shortening, mitochondrial dysfunction. The also delves into biochemistry physiology of aging, shedding light on hormonal shifts, genetic influences, immune system modifications that contribute to aging process. It navigates terrain habits linked considering profound impact dietary choices, physical activity, engagement, stress management. These elements intricately intertwine, emphasizing holistic nature aging. interplay between underscores need for comprehensive understanding transcends single disciplines. Deciphering these factors significance personalized approaches healthy Tailoring interventions individual genetics, lifestyles, health needs emerges as critical strategy optimizing well-being in later life. In conclusion, this illuminates multifaceted urging embrace complexity interdependence. By fostering holistic, approach, individuals can navigate with grace, vitality, resilience.

Language: Английский

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Breaking the vicious cycle: The interplay between loneliness, metabolic illness, and mental health

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 8, 2023

Loneliness, or perceived social isolation, is a leading predictor of all-cause mortality and increasingly considered public health epidemic afflicting significant portions the general population. Chronic loneliness itself associated with two most pressing epidemics currently facing globe: rise mental illness metabolic disorders. Here, we highlight epidemiological associations between disorders argue that contributes to etiology these conditions by acting as chronic stressor leads neuroendocrine dysregulation downstream immunometabolic consequences manifest in disease. Specifically, describe how can lead overactivation hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis ultimately cause mitochondrial dysfunction, which implicated These can, turn, further isolation propel vicious cycle illness. Finally, outline interventions policy recommendations reduce at both individual community levels. Given its role prevalent diseases our time, focusing resources on alleviating vitally important cost-effective strategy.

Language: Английский

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Out of touch? How trauma shapes the experience of social touch – Neural and endocrine pathways

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 159, P. 105595 - 105595

Published: Feb. 17, 2024

Trauma can shape the way an individual experiences world and interacts with other people. Touch is a key component of social interactions, but surprisingly little known how trauma exposure influences processing touch. In this review, we examine possible neurobiological pathways through which influence touch lead to aversion avoidance in trauma-exposed individuals. Emerging evidence indicates that may affect sensory thresholds by modulating activity primary cortex posterior insula. Disturbances multisensory integration oxytocin reactivity combined diminished reward-related anxiolytic responses induce bias towards negative appraisal contexts. Furthermore, hippocampus deactivation during reflect dissociative state. These changes depend not only on type severity also features We hypothesise disrupted impair interactions confer elevated risk for future stress-related disorders.

Language: Английский

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A translational neuroscience perspective on loneliness: Narrative review focusing on social interaction, illness and oxytocin

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 163, P. 105734 - 105734

Published: May 23, 2024

This review addresses key findings on loneliness from the social, neurobiological and clinical fields. From a translational perspective, results studies in humans animals are included, with focus social interaction, mental physical illness role of oxytocin loneliness. In terms interactions, lonely individuals tend to exhibit range abnormal behaviors based dysfunctional cognitions that make it difficult for them form meaningful relationships. Neurobiologically, link has been established between hypothalamic peptide hormone oxytocin. Since interactions especially touch regulate signaling, may have an imbalance, which turn affects their health well-being. Clinically, is predictor leads increased morbidity mortality. There evidence psychopathology both cause consequence The final section this summarizes perspectives present new model complex construct

Language: Английский

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The maternal brain is more flexible and responsive at rest: effective connectivity of the parental caregiving network in postpartum mothers

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: March 23, 2023

The field of neuroscience has largely overlooked the impact motherhood on brain function outside context responses to infant stimuli. Here, we apply spectral dynamic causal modelling (spDCM) resting-state fMRI data investigate differences in between a group 40 first-time mothers at 1-year postpartum and 39 age- education-matched women who have never been pregnant. Using spDCM, directionality (top-down vs. bottom-up) valence (inhibition vs excitation) functional connections six key left hemisphere regions implicated motherhood: dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, ventromedial posterior cingulate parahippocampal gyrus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens. We show selective modulation inhibitory pathways related (1) non-mothers, (2) interactions cognitive performance (3) social cognition, (4) maternal caregiving behaviour. Across analyses, consistent disinhibition affective suggesting more efficient, flexible, responsive behaviour, subserving performance, caregiving. Together our results support interpretation these as constituting parental network. accumbens gyrus emerging 'hub' this network, highlighting global importance limbic network for caregiving, period.

Language: Английский

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