Metabolic dysregulation in Huntington's disease: Neuronal and glial perspectives

Neurobiology of Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106672 - 106672

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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High-rate mechano-stimulation alters proliferation- and maturation-related signaling of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in a 3D hydrogel

Mechanobiology in Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100126 - 100126

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Del Río Hortega’s insights into oligodendrocytes: recent advances in subtype characterization and functional roles in axonal support and disease

Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19

Published: March 12, 2025

Pío Del Río Hortega (1882–1945) was a giant of modern neuroscience and perhaps the most impactful member Cajal’s School. His contributions to clarifying structure nervous system were key understanding brain beyond neurons. He uncovered microglia oligodendrocytes, latter until then named mesoglia. Most importantly, characterization oligodendroglia subtypes he made has stood omics revolution that added molecular details relevant comprehend their biological properties. Astounding as it may seem on today’s eyes, postulated century ago oligodendrocytes provide trophic support axons, an idea is now doubt under scrutiny dysfunction at axon-myelin unit neurodegeneration. Here, we revised recent advancements in oligodendrocyte biology shed light Hortega’s ideas ago.

Language: Английский

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Type‐1 cannabinoid receptors and their ever‐expanding roles in brain energy processes

Journal of Neurochemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 168(5), P. 693 - 703

Published: July 28, 2023

Abstract The brain requires large quantities of energy to sustain its functions. At the same time, is isolated from rest body, forcing this organ develop strategies control and fulfill own needs. Likely based on these constraints, several brain‐specific mechanisms emerged during evolution. For example, metabolically specialized cells are present in brain, where intercellular metabolic cycles organized separate workload optimize use energy. To orchestrate across time space, signaling pathways metabolism cells. One such controlling systems endocannabinoid system, whose main hub type‐1 cannabinoid (CB 1 ) receptor. CB receptors govern a plethora different processes including cognitive function, emotional responses, or feeding behaviors. Classically, action function had been explained by direct targeting neuronal synaptic function. However, new discoveries have challenged view. In review, we will discuss recent data about how small fraction associated mitochondrial membranes (mtCB ), able exert powerful functions behavior. mtCB impair both neurons astrocytes. latter cells, effect linked an impairment astrocyte glycolytic resulting specific behavioral outputs. Finally, potential implications (mt)CB expression oligodendrocytes microglia functions, with aim encourage interdisciplinary approaches better understand role image

Language: Английский

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Intermittent fasting and Alzheimer's disease—Targeting ketone bodies as a potential strategy for brain energy rescue

Metabolic Brain Disease, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 39(1), P. 129 - 146

Published: Oct. 12, 2023

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the role of oligodendrocytes and myelin in pain

Journal of Neurochemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 169(1)

Published: Aug. 20, 2024

Oligodendrocytes, the myelin-producing cells in central nervous system (CNS), are crucial for rapid action potential conduction and neuronal communication. While extensively studied their roles support axonal insulation, involvement pain modulation is an emerging research area. This review explores interplay between oligodendrocytes, myelination, pain, focusing on neuropathic following peripheral nerve injury, spinal cord injury (SCI), chemotherapy, HIV infection. Studies indicate that a decrease oligodendrocytes increased cytokine production by oligodendroglia response to can induce or exacerbate pain. An increase endogenous oligodendrocyte precursor (OPCs) may be compensatory repair damaged oligodendrocytes. Exogenous OPC transplantation shows promise alleviating SCI-induced enhancing remyelination. Additionally, apoptosis brain regions such as medial prefrontal cortex linked opioid-induced hyperalgesia, highlighting role mechanisms. Chemotherapeutic agents disrupt differentiation, leading persistent while HIV-associated neuropathy involves up-regulation of lineage cell markers. These findings underscore multifaceted pathways, suggesting targeting myelination processes could offer new therapeutic strategies chronic management. Further should elucidate underlying molecular mechanisms develop effective treatments.

Language: Английский

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DOR activation in mature oligodendrocytes regulates α-ketoglutarate metabolism leading to enhanced remyelination in aged mice

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(11), P. 2073 - 2085

Published: Sept. 12, 2024

Language: Английский

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Opposite modulation of functional recovery following contusive spinal cord injury in mice with oligodendrocyte-selective deletions of Atf4 and Chop/Ddit3

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: June 6, 2023

Abstract The integrated stress response (ISR)-activated transcription factors ATF4 and CHOP/DDIT3 may regulate oligodendrocyte (OL) survival, tissue damage functional impairment/recovery in white matter pathologies, including traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Accordingly, OLs of OL-specific RiboTag mice, Atf4, Chop/Ddit3 their downstream target gene transcripts were acutely upregulated at 2, but not 10, days post-contusive T9 SCI coinciding with maximal loss tissue. Unexpectedly, another, upregulation Atf4/Chop followed 42 post-injury. However, wild type versus Atf4 −/− or Chop mice showed similar sparing OL the epicenter, as well unaffected hindlimb function recovery determined by Basso mouse scale. In contrast, horizontal ladder test revealed persistent worsening improvement fine locomotor control OL- respectively. Moreover, chronically, Atf decreased walking speed during plantar stepping despite greater compensatory forelimb usage. Therefore, supports, while CHOP antagonizes, post-SCI recovery. No correlation between those effects together chronic activation ISR suggest that OLs, circuitries mediate

Language: Английский

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Rewiring of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Induced by G Protein-Coupled Receptor 17 Silencing Enables the Transition of Oligodendrocyte Progenitors to Myelinating Cells

Cells, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(15), P. 2369 - 2369

Published: Aug. 2, 2022

In the mature central nervous system (CNS), oligodendrocytes (OLs) provide support and insulation to axons thanks production of a myelin sheath. During their maturation myelinating cells, OLs require energy building blocks for lipids, which implies great investment fuels molecular sources carbon. The oligodendroglial G protein-coupled receptor 17 (GPR17) has emerged as key player in OL maturation; it reaches maximal expression pre-OLs, but then be internalized allow terminal maturation. this study, we aim at elucidating role physiological GPR17 downregulation metabolism by applying transcriptomics, metabolomics lipidomics on differentiating OLs. After silencing, found significant increase markers alteration several genes involved glucose lipid biosynthesis. We also observed an increased release lactate, is partially responsible boost induced downregulation. Concomitantly, depletion changed kinetics specific classes. Globally, study unveils functional link between expression, lactate composition, suggests that innovative interventions targeting may help foster endogenous myelination demyelinating diseases.

Language: Английский

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Isolation and Enrichment of Major Primary Neuroglial Cells from Neonatal Mouse Brain

BIO-PROTOCOL, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1337)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The central nervous system (CNS) relies on the complex interaction of neuroglial cells to carry out vital physiological functions. To comprehensively understand structural and functional interplay between these cells, it is essential establish an appropriate in vitro that can be utilized for thorough investigation. Traditional protocols establishing primary neuronal mixed glial cultures from prenatal mice or neural stem require sacrificing pregnant have drawback yielding only specific types cells. Our current protocol overcomes drawbacks by utilizing brain day-0 pups isolate CNS resident including astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes [oligodendrocyte precursor (OPCs) differentiated oligodendrocytes], meningeal fibroblasts, as well hippocampal neurons, avoiding mice, which makes this procedure efficient cost effective. Furthermore, through protocol, we aim provide step-by-step instructions isolating different their characterization using cell-specific markers. This study presents opportunity isolate, culture, all major individually. These various cell-based biochemical assays investigate roles behaviors a reductionist approach. Key features • Efficient isolation like oligodendrocytes, microglia single neonatal mouse pup's brain. Circumvents sacrifice female mice. Acts bridging experimental method secondary cell lines vivo systems. Isolated used performing assays.

Language: Английский

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