Alzheimer’s Disease and Porphyromonas gingivalis: Exploring the Links

Life, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 96 - 96

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

Recent research highlights compelling links between oral health, particularly periodontitis, and systemic diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the biological mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear, role of periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, has garnered significant attention. P. a major driver is recognized for its potential effects putative in AD pathogenesis. This review examines evidence connecting gingivalis to hallmark features, such as amyloid β accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, other neuropathological features consistent with AD. Virulence factors, gingipains lipopolysaccharides, were shown be implicated blood-brain barrier disruption, neuronal damage. gingivalis-derived outer membrane vesicles may serve disseminate virulence factors brain tissues. Indirect mechanisms, inflammation triggered by chronic infections, are also supposed exacerbate neurodegenerative processes. While exact pathways uncertain, studies detecting components AD-affected brains support their possible underscores need further investigation into gingivalis-mediated interplay host responses. Understanding interactions could provide critical insights novel strategies reducing risk through management.

Language: Английский

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Oral Microbiome and Alzheimer’s Disease

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 2550 - 2550

Published: Oct. 13, 2023

The accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques in the brain is a central pathological feature Alzheimer’s disease. It believed that amyloid responses may be result host immune response to pathogens both nervous system and peripheral systems. Oral microbial dysbiosis chronic condition affecting more than 50% older adults. Recent studies have linked oral higher Aβ load development disease humans. Moreover, presence an oral-derived predominant microbiome has been identified brains patients with other neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, this opinion article, we aim provide summary on microbiomes contribute pathogenesis

Language: Английский

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The mechanisms of Porphyromonas gingivalis–derived outer membrane vesicles-induced neurotoxicity and microglia activation

Journal of Dental Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(3), P. 1434 - 1442

Published: April 17, 2024

Periodontitis is associated with various systemic diseases, potentially facilitated by the passage of Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles (Pg-OMVs). Several recent studies have suggested a connection between Pg-OMVs and neuroinflammation neurodegeneration, but precise causal relationship remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate mechanisms underlying these associations using in vitro models. Isolated were characterized morphology, size, gingipain activity. We exposed SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells BV-2 microglial concentrations Pg-OMVs. Cell 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent Western blot analysis used evaluate cellular mechanism Pg-OMV-induced neurotoxicity neuronal inflammatory responses cells. Exposure induced cells, as evidenced shrinkage, reduced viability, activation apoptotic pathways, diminished differentiation markers. Gingipain inhibition mitigated effects, suggesting that mediates Pg-OMVs-induced Our research on suggests upon endocytosis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can modulate production inducible nitric oxide synthase tumor necrosis factor-alpha activating pathways involve phosphorylated AKT JNK pathway. demonstrated following Pg-OMVs, induce Furthermore, Pg-OMVs-associated LPS trigger via signaling

Language: Английский

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Esketamine alleviates cognitive impairment signs induced by modified electroconvulsive therapy in a depression rat model via the KLF4/p38 MAPK pathway

Journal of Affective Disorders, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Ligature-induced periodontitis in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease dysregulates neuroinflammation, exacerbates cognitive impairment, and accelerates amyloid pathology

Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 44, P. 100969 - 100969

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

A growing body of literature has identified periodontal disease among the modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's (AD), but mechanisms underlying this relationship is unknown. This study investigated using a ligature-induced preclinical periodontitis (Pd) model in non-transgenic (non-Tg) and 3xTg-AD mice. We found that ligature placement caused significant alveolar bone loss, with mice exhibiting exacerbated suggesting AD-related genetic may amplify progression. Pd induced robust local inflammatory gene expression both genotypes, indicated dysregulated immune response. Cognitive deficits were observed only Pd-afflicted mice, specifically hippocampus-mediated spatial memory perirhinal cortex-mediated object recognition memory, while non-Tg remained unaffected. Neuroinflammatory responses varied by brain region, hippocampus prefrontal cortex (PFC) showing most pronounced changes. In these regions, exhibited significantly altered cytokine compared to particularly at later time points. Synaptic markers revealed vulnerabilities including reduced baseline Syp Synpo post-ligature. transiently glutamate receptor persistent changes, potentially linked preserved memory. also accelerated amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition sustained neurodegeneration Overall, shows combining exacerbates inflammation, cognitive impairment, synaptic dysfunction, Aβ pathology, neurodegeneration. Neither insult alone was sufficient produce effects, highlighting synergistic impact. These findings emphasize need explore anti-inflammatory interventions downstream mitigate confluence diseases.

Language: Английский

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Oral Health Status and Factors Related to Oral Health in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Matched Case-Control Observational Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 1584 - 1584

Published: March 10, 2024

Background: Schizophrenia (SCZ) patients have disproportionately poor oral health outcomes owing to a multidimensional set of factors, such as pathophysiology the disease, drug-related adverse effects and lower utilization rate dental healthcare services. The aim present observational study was compare indicators periodontal in with SCZ those nonaffected healthy controls; furthermore, influence various anamnestic factors lifestyle habits on status were also assessed. Methods: A total 50 patients—in remission—receiving treatment at Department Psychiatry, University Szeged, compared age- gender-matched controls attending Faculty Dentistry, Szeged. Participants’ (decayed, missing filled surfaces [DMF-S] decayed, teeth [DMF-T]) (plaque index [%], bleeding probing [BOP%], pocket depth [PD] attachment loss [AL]) measured according World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Results: In total, 74.0%, 80.0% 78.0% received second-generation antipsychotics, benzodiazepines mood stabilizers, respectively. Patients had significantly higher DMFs (81.30 ± 40.16 vs. 61.64 40.56; p = 0.010), D (8.18 7.73 4.18 4.22; < 0.001) DMF-T (18.20 8.36 14.42 8.21; 0.024) scores but F (1.84 0.29 4.62 3.98; male subjects (74.52 39.72 90.67 39.1; 0.020) (16.52 8.12 20.52 8.32; 0.031) scores. Additionally, plaque indices (56.96 23.19 27.44 17.53; 0.001), BOP% (58.96 22.89 23.56 PD (2.84 0.67 2.19 0.49; AL (3.39 1.72 2.49 0.76; values controls. Smoking > 10 cigarettes/day associated worse indices, while consuming ≥ 4 units/week alcohol respectively (p 0.05 all cases). contrast, coffee consumption rates vitamin supplementation no significant effect indicators. Conclusions: Our highlights overall individuals affected by need for targeted preventive interventions.

Language: Английский

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Targeting p38 MAPK: A potential bridge between ER stress and age-related bone loss

Cellular Signalling, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 127, P. 111549 - 111549

Published: Dec. 7, 2024

Language: Английский

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Microbial Trojan Horses: Virulence Factors as Key Players in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Molecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(3), P. 687 - 687

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Changes in population demographics indicate that the elderly will reach 2.1 billion worldwide by 2050. In parallel, there be an increase neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. This review explores dysbiosis occurring these pathologies how virulence factors contribute to worsening or development of clinical conditions, it summarizes existing potential ways combat microorganisms related diseases. Microbiota imbalances can progression increasing intestinal permeability, exchanging information through innervation, even acting a Trojan horse affecting immune cells. The microbiota produce protect themselves from host defenses, many which These are expressed according genetic composition each microorganism, leading wide range considered. Among main LPS, urease, curli proteins, amyloidogenic VacA, CagA. also packed into bacterial outer membrane vesicles, transport RNA, DNA, enabling distal communication impacts various diseases, including

Language: Английский

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The Detection of Porphyromonas Gingivalis in Geriatrics and Its Associated Periodontal and Clinical Factors

Cureus, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 23, 2025

Background: Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the important pathogens in initiation and progression periodontitis. The findings regarding bacterium periodontal status geriatric subjects are not widely reported. Bacterial analysis needed to provide more insight severity disease. This study evaluated presence P. oral cavity patients found a significant association between infection medical illness. Methods: Periodontal pocket samples were obtained from 32 geriatrics who chosen randomly health clinics. Clinical parameters recorded during examination. Samples subjected DNA extraction polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. identification by PCR assay was determined based on 16S rRNA subunit Medical illnesses recorded. Mild cognitive impairment diagnosed according score assessment daily function. Results: Approximately 90.63% (n=29) had significantly associated with depth clinical attachment loss (p = 0.037). extension disease, status, diabetes highly gingivalis. Conclusion: Due asymptomatic disease early phase, screening bacterial detection public awareness crucial, especially among elderly groups smokers diabetics. worsening Adequate care comorbidity control indeed crucial preventing progression. It improve modify local diabetic checklist protocol for incorporating microbiome assessments, as well assessments.

Language: Английский

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Causal associations between Helicobacter Pylori infection and the risk and symptoms of Parkinson’s disease: a Mendelian randomization study

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Aug. 6, 2024

Increasing evidence suggests an association between

Language: Английский

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