OBM Neurobiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
08(03), P. 1 - 15
Published: Aug. 7, 2024
Oxidative
stress
in
cerebral
ischemia/reperfusion
injury
(CIRI)
involves
reactive
oxygen
and
nitrogen
species
(ROS
RNS).
Despite
efficient
antioxidant
pathways
the
brain,
hypoxia
triggers
production
of
free
radicals
downregulates
ATP,
which
leads
to
oxidative
stress.
Sources
during
CIRI
include
Ca<sup>2+</sup>-dependent
enzymes,
phospholipid
degradation
mitochondrial
enlargement.
Upon
reperfusion,
abrupt
increase
a
massive
radical
via
enzymes
like
xantin
oxidase
(XO),
phospholipase
A2
(PLA2)
oxide
synthases
(OS).
These
play
an
essential
role
neuronal
damage
by
excitotoxicity,
lipoperoxidation,
nitrosylation,
inflammation
programmed
cell
death
(PCD).
Endothelial
nitric
synthase
(eNOS)
decreases
as
compared
(nNOS).
This
is
associated
with
damage,
endothelial
inflammation,
apoptosis
Strategies
promoting
activation
eNOS
while
inhibiting
nNOS
could
offer
neuroprotective
benefits
CIRI.
Understanding
targeting
these
mitigate
brain
events.
Clinically,
tissue
plasminogen
activator
(t-PA)
has
been
shown
restore
blood
flow.
However,
serious
side
effects
have
described,
including
hemorrhagic
transformation.
Different
treatments
are
currently
under
investigation
avoid
I/R
injury.
Baicalin
reported
potential
agent
that
improve
t-PA
adverse
effects,
do
peroxynitrite
synthesis
matrix
metalloproteinase
(MMP)
expression.
In
this
review,
interventions
addressed.
Special
attention
paid
mechanisms
radicals,
especially
nNOS-derived
(NO).
The
primary
purpose
describe
accessible
activity
leading
membrane
phospholipids
breakdown.
<strong>Key</strong><strong>w</strong><strong>ords</strong>Oxidative
stress;
ischemia/reperfusion;
oxide;
species;
Heliyon,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10(4), P. e26219 - e26219
Published: Feb. 1, 2024
BackgroundEpilepsy
is
recognized
as
the
most
common
chronic
neurological
condition
among
children,
and
hippocampal
neuronal
cell
death
has
been
identified
a
crucial
factor
in
pathophysiological
processes
underlying
seizures.
In
recent
studies,
PANoptosis,
newly
characterized
form
of
death,
emerged
significant
contributor
to
development
various
disorders,
including
Alzheimer's
disease,
Parkinson's
amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis.
PANoptosis
involves
simultaneous
activation
pyroptosis,
apoptosis,
necroptosis
within
same
population
cells.
However,
its
specific
role
context
seizures
remains
be
fully
elucidated.
Further
investigation
required
uncover
precise
involvement
pathogenesis
better
understand
potential
implications
for
targeted
therapeutic
approaches
epilepsy.MethodsIn
this
study,
gene
expression
data
hippocampus
following
administration
kainic
acid
(KA)
or
NaCl
was
obtained
from
Gene
Expression
Omnibus
(GEO)
database.
The
PANoptosis-related
set
compiled
GeneCards
database
previous
literature.
Time
series
analysis
performed
analyze
temporal
patterns
genes.
variation
(GSVA),
ontology
(GO),
Kyoto
encyclopedia
genes
genomes
(KEGG)
were
employed
explore
biological
mechanisms
Weighted
co-expression
network
(WGCNA)
differential
utilized
identify
pivotal
modules
associated
with
To
validate
genes,
Western
blotting
quantitative
real-time
polymerase
chain
reaction
(qRT-PCR)
assays
conducted.
These
experimental
validations
human
blood
samples,
animal
models,
models
verify
their
relevance
epilepsy.ResultsThe
GSVA
study
demonstrated
that
have
distinguish
between
control
group
KA-induced
epileptic
mice.
This
suggests
these
are
significantly
altered
response
epilepsy.
Furthermore,
blue
module
being
highly
phenotypes.
consists
exhibit
correlated
specifically
related
Within
module,
10
further
biomarker
include
MLKL,
IRF1,
RIPK1,
GSDMD,
CASP1,
CASP8,
ZBP1,
CASP6,
PYCARD,
IL18.
likely
play
critical
roles
pathophysiology
epilepsy
could
serve
biomarkers
diagnosing
monitoring
condition.ConclusionIn
conclusion,
our
may
closely
novel
which
provides
insights
into
helps
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
174, P. 116500 - 116500
Published: March 30, 2024
Chrysin
is
a
natural
flavonoid
with
powerful
neuroprotective
capacity.
Cerebral
ischemia/reperfusion
injury
(CIRI)
associated
oxidative
stress
and
ferroptosis.
Hypoxia-inducible
factor
1α
(HIF-1α)
ceruloplasmin
(CP)
are
the
critical
targets
for
oxidation
reactions
iron
transport.
But
regulatory
mechanism
between
them
still
unclear.
Transient
middle
cerebral
artery
occlusion
(tMCAO)
model
in
rats
oxygen
glucose
deprivation/re-oxygenation
(OGD/R)
PC12
cells
were
applied.
Pathological
tissue
staining
biochemical
kit
used
to
evaluate
effect
of
chrysin.
The
relationship
HIF-1α
CP
was
verified
by
transcriptomics,
qRT-PCR
Western
blot.
In
CIRI,
HIF-1α/CP
loop
discovered
be
pathway
CIRI
led
activation
nuclear
translocation
HIF-1α,
which
promoted
transcription
translation,
downstream
Inhibition
had
opposite
on
ferroptosis
regulation.
Overexpression
increased
expression
nevertheless,
inhibited
alleviated
CIRI.
Silencing
elevation
nucleus
aggravated
Mechanistically,
chrysin
restrained
translocation,
thereby
inhibiting
turn
reduced
mitigated
Our
results
highlight
restrains
through
loop.
Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
136, P. 102387 - 102387
Published: Jan. 3, 2024
The
pathogenesis
of
brain
ischemic/reperfusion
(I/R)
insult
is
characterized
by
neuronal
loss
due
to
excessive
oxidative
stress
responses.
Ferroptosis,
a
form
cell
death,
can
be
triggered
when
the
balance
between
antioxidants
and
pro-oxidants
in
cells
disrupted.
Ozone,
natural
bioactive
molecule
with
antioxidant/anti-apoptotic
pro-autophagic
properties,
has
been
shown
enhance
antioxidant
system's
capacity
ameliorate
stress.
However,
its
role
ferroptosis
remains
unclear.
Therefore,
we
investigated
functions
possible
mechanisms
ozone
cerebral
I/R-induced
ferroptotic
death.
A
ischemia-reperfusion
injury
model
was
induced
Sprague-Dawley
(SD)
rats
pre-treated
ozone.
Intraperitoneal
administration
NRF2
inhibitor
ML385,
SLC7A11
Erastin,
GPX4
RSL3
performed
one
hour
prior
establishment.
Our
results
showed
that
preconditioning
mitigated
damage
caused
I/R,
reduced
severity
neurological
deficits,
lowered
infarct
volume
middle
artery
occlusion
(MCAO)
rats,
decreased
infarcts.
Transmission
electron
microscopy,
immunofluorescence,
Western
blotting
indicated
following
MCAO-induced
damage.
MCAO
resulted
morphological
mitochondria,
increased
lipid
peroxidation
accumulation,
elevated
malondialdehyde
(MDA)
production.
Furthermore,
levels
FTH1
(negative
regulators
ferroptosis)
ACSL4
(a
positive
regulator
ferroptosis).
Ozone
demonstrated
neuroprotective
effect
increasing
nuclear
translocation
expression
GPX4.
Treatment
significantly
reversed
preconditioning's
protective
on
ferroptosis.
findings
treatment
attenuates
ischemia/reperfusion
rat
via
NRF2/SLC7A11/GPX4
pathway,
providing
theoretical
basis
for
ozone's
potential
use
as
therapy
prevent
ischemic
stroke.