Comparative transcriptomic insights into the evolution of vertebrate photoreceptor types
Current Biology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 1, 2025
Language: Английский
A standardized nomenclature for the rods and cones of the vertebrate retina
PLoS Biology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
23(5), P. e3003157 - e3003157
Published: May 7, 2025
Vertebrate
photoreceptors
have
been
studied
for
well
over
a
century,
but
fixed
nomenclature
referring
to
orthologous
cell
types
across
diverse
species
has
lacking.
Instead,
variably—and
often
confusingly—named
according
morphology,
presence/absence
of
‘rhodopsin’,
spectral
sensitivity,
chromophore
usage,
and/or
the
gene
family
opsin(s)
they
express.
Here,
we
propose
unified
vertebrate
rods
and
cones
that
aligns
with
naming
systems
other
retinal
classes
is
based
on
photoreceptor
type’s
putative
evolutionary
history.
This
classification
informed
by
functional,
anatomical,
developmental,
molecular
identities
neuron
as
whole,
including
expression
deeply
conserved
transcription
factors
required
development.
The
proposed
names
will
be
applicable
all
vertebrates
indicative
widest
possible
range
properties,
their
postsynaptic
wiring,
hence
allude
common
species-specific
roles
in
vision.
Furthermore,
system
open-ended
accommodate
future
discovery
as-yet
unknown
types.
Language: Английский
AAV-mediated transduction of songbird retina
Frontiers in Physiology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: March 19, 2025
Introduction
Genetic
manipulation
of
murine
retinal
tissue
through
ocular
administration
adeno-associated
viruses
(AAVs)
has
become
a
standard
technique
to
investigate
multitude
mechanisms
underlying
physiology.
Resultantly,
developments
recombinant
viral
vectors
with
improved
transduction
efficiency
and
further
methodological
improvements
have
mostly
focused
on
tissue,
whereas
AAVs
successfully
targeting
avian
retinae
remained
scarce.
Methodology
Using
custom-designed
injection
setup,
we
identified
serotype
the
capability
induce
widespread
bird
retina.
Results
Intravitreal
an
AAV
type
2/9
encoding
for
enhanced
green
fluorescent
protein
(EGFP)
in
night-migratory
European
robins
(
Erithacus
rubecula
)
resulted
coverages
up
60%
within
tissue.
Subsequent
immunohistochemical
analyses
revealed
that
AAV2/9-EGFP
almost
exclusively
targeted
photoreceptors:
rods,
various
single
cones
(UV,
blue,
green,
red
cones),
both
(accessory
principal)
members
double
cones.
Discussion
The
consistently
high
photoreceptor-specific
makes
AAV2/9
powerful
tool
carrying
out
genetic
manipulations
photoreceptors,
thus
opening
wealth
opportunities
physiological
aspects
processing
birds,
such
as
recordings
and/or
post-transductional
behavioural
readouts
future
vision-related
research.
Language: Английский