The Fear Primacy Hypothesis in the Structure of Emotional States: A Systematic Literature Review

Psychological Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Fear, an emotion ingrained through evolutionary adaptation, triggers protective responses to ward off threats. Yet, in some instances, the neural networks tied fear can lead psychosomatic ailments and behavioural issues, including maladaptive type. This study aims hypothesize about fear, probing its neurophysiological traits impact on cognitive-emotional facets of psyche. A systematic review theoretical literature was conducted, utilizing PubMed Scopus databases. Comparative analysis, abstraction, synthesis methods were employed, 34 sources that met inclusion criteria analysed. Our findings highlight pivotal role plays human psyche, potentially serving as foundation for all emotions, feelings, states experienced by individuals. Treating related anxiety disorders poses challenges due recurrence fear-based memories, which perpetuate negative symptoms patients. Various techniques, like hypnotherapy, cognitive therapy, exposure are actively employed with these However, none offer a universal solution, necessitating personalized approaches address individual fears. MindChat may be promising therapeutic settings without altering cognition or fostering avoidance behaviour, but empirical evidence supporting efficacy is limited, further research needed validate effectiveness. The utilization potent tool engaging psyche underscores potential value this psychotherapists clinical practice professionals affective neurobiology psychology. It redirects attention toward fear’s significance, urging deeper exploration future endeavours.

Language: Английский

---

Synaptic and dendritic architecture of different types of hippocampal somatostatin interneurons

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(3), P. e3002539 - e3002539

Published: March 12, 2024

GABAergic inhibitory neurons fundamentally shape the activity and plasticity of cortical circuits. A major subset these contains somatostatin (SOM); cells play crucial roles in neuroplasticity, learning, memory many brain areas including hippocampus, are implicated several neuropsychiatric diseases neurodegenerative disorders. Two main types SOM-containing area CA1 hippocampus oriens-lacunosum-moleculare (OLM) hippocampo-septal (HS) cells. These cell show similarities their soma-dendritic architecture, but they have different axonal targets, display patterns vivo, thought to distinct network functions. However, a complete understanding functional interneurons requires precise description intrinsic computational properties synaptic interactions. In current study we generated, analyzed, make available key data sets that enable quantitative comparison various anatomical physiological OLM HS mouse. The set includes detailed scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-based 3D reconstructions along with excitatory inputs. Combining this core other data, patch-clamp electrophysiology, compartmental modeling, examined morphological structure, inputs, outputs, basic Our results highlight differences between cells, particularly regarding density distribution inputs mitochondria. For example, estimated an receives about 8,400, whereas 15,600 16% which GABAergic. models provide insight into possible basis functionality supply essential information for more hippocampal network.

Language: Английский

---

Distinct ventral hippocampal inhibitory microcircuits regulating anxiety and fear behaviors

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Sept. 19, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Regulation of Fear Behavior by Microcircuits within the Mouse Amygdala

Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Disorders, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 001 - 009

Published: March 10, 2025

Background: The amygdala is a core structure in the mammalian brain that processes emotion and memory. Its complex neuronal composition intricate microcircuit mechanisms play key roles behaviors such as fear, anxiety, reward. diversity of types dynamics these microcircuits provide neural foundation for encoding extinction fear memories. Aim: This retrospective review article summarizing recent research on behavior mice, which significant importance helping people to comprehensively understand recognize regulator behavior. Methodology: An extensive systematic search electronic databases (Medline, PubMed, Web Science) using keywords related technologies involved study “mouse amygdala,” “basolateral (BLA),” “central (CeA),” “fear extinction,” learning,” “microcircuits.” Articles meeting selection criteria were included candidate references. Results: By integrating findings from optogenetics, chemogenetics, single-cell sequencing, this reveals interactions between glutamatergic projection neurons GABAergic interneurons amygdala, functional division subnuclei, basis cross-brain area coordination. Additionally, it discusses technical challenges future directions, providing theoretical support understanding pathophysiology emotional disorders. Conclusion: intimately linked health, playing critical role underlying development psychiatric disorders depression, addiction, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite advances methodologies vivo calcium imaging, circuit tracing, electrophysiological techniques, are progressively uncovering amygdalar regulation behaviors, intrinsic microcircuitry remains highly complex. Significant gaps persist, necessitating further exploration refinement elucidate unresolved aspects its architecture behavioral modulation.

Language: Английский

---

Nucleus accumbens core single cell ensembles bidirectionally respond to experienced versus observed aversive events

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Dec. 18, 2023

Abstract Fear learning is a critical feature of survival skills among mammals. In rodents, fear manifests itself through direct experience the aversive event or social transmission stimuli such as observing and acting on conspecifics’ distress. The neuronal network underlying information largely overlaps with brain regions that mediate behavioral responses to rewarding stimuli. this study, we recorded single cell activity patterns nucleus accumbens (NAc) core neurons using in vivo optical imaging calcium transients via miniature scopes. This cutting-edge methodology not only allows us record individual but also lets longitudinally follow these across time different states. Using approach, identified NAc ensembles respond experienced and/or observed Our results showed evoke ensemble positive, smaller subset negative responses. size response was greater for compared events. revealed sex differences stimuli, where females accumbal response. Importantly, found subpopulation within show bidirectional versus (i.e., positive observed). suggest plays role differentiating somatosensory from observation aversion at level. These have important implications psychopathologies processing maladaptive, autism spectrum disorders.

Language: Английский

---

Cannabidiol effect on long-term brain alterations in septic rats: Involvement of PPARγ activation

Brain Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1828, P. 148771 - 148771

Published: Jan. 17, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Structural Organization of Perisomatic Inhibition in the Mouse Medial Prefrontal Cortex

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 43(42), P. 6972 - 6987

Published: Aug. 28, 2023

Perisomatic inhibition profoundly controls neural function. However, the structural organization of inhibitory circuits giving rise to perisomatic in higher-order cortices is not completely known. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis those GABAergic cells medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) that provide inputs onto somata and proximal dendrites pyramidal neurons. Our results show most axonal varicosities contacting region superficial (layer 2/3) deep 5) express parvalbumin (PV) or cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1). Further, found ratio PV/CB1 larger on somatic membrane surface tract neurons comparison with projecting contralateral hemisphere. morphologic vitro labeled PV+ basket (PVBC) CCK/CB1+ (CCKBC) revealed differences many features. PVBC axons arborized preferentially within layer where their soma was located. In contrast, CCKBCs expanded throughout layers, although were either layers. Finally, using anterograde trans-synaptic tracing observed PVBCs are innervated by thalamic basal amygdala afferents layers 5a 5b, respectively. Thus, our suggest can control local circuit operation layer-specific manner via characteristic arborization, whereas rather cross-layer mPFC. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Inhibitory cortical crucial for precise network activity. Nevertheless, areas involved cognitive functions like decision-making, working memory, flexibility, cell understood. this study excitatory two types endowed different properties distinct specificity disparate areas. Revealing difference innervation strategy key step toward understanding how they fulfill roles operations.

Language: Английский

---

GABAergic/Glycinergic and Glutamatergic Neurons Mediate Distinct Neurodevelopmental Phenotypes ofSTXBP1Encephalopathy

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44(14), P. e1806232024 - e1806232024

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

An increasing number of pathogenic variants in presynaptic proteins involved the synaptic vesicle cycle are being discovered neurodevelopmental disorders. The clinical features these disorders diverse, but most prevalent phenotypes include intellectual disability, epilepsy, movement disorders, cerebral visual impairment, and psychiatric symptoms ( Verhage Sørensen, 2020; Bonnycastle et al., 2021; John Melland 2021). Among this growing list frequent is

Language: Английский

---

Nucleus accumbens core single cell ensembles bidirectionally respond to experienced versus observed aversive events

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 19, 2023

Summary Empathy is the ability to adopt others’ sensory and emotional states an evolutionarily conserved trait among mammals. In rodents, empathy manifests itself as social modulation of aversive stimuli such acknowledging acting on conspecifics’ distress. The neuronal network underlying transmission information known overlap with brain regions that mediate behavioral responses rewarding stimuli. this study, we recorded single cell activity patterns nucleus accumbens (NAc) core neurons using in vivo optical imaging calcium transients via miniature scopes. This cutting-edge methodology not only allows us record individual but also lets longitudinally follow these across time different states. Using approach, identified NAc ensembles respond experienced and/or observed Our results showed evoke ensemble largely positive, a smaller subset negative responses. size response was greater for compared events. revealed subpopulation within show bidirectional versus (i.e., positive observed). These suggest plays role differentiating somatosensory experience from observation aversion at level. has important implications psychopathologies where processing maladaptive, autism spectrum disorders.

Language: Английский

---

Synaptic configuration and reconfiguration in the neocortex are spatiotemporally selective

Anatomical Science International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 99(1), P. 17 - 33

Published: Oct. 14, 2023

Abstract Brain computation relies on the neural networks. Neurons extend neurites such as dendrites and axons, contacts of these that form chemical synapses are biological basis signal transmissions in central nervous system. Individual neuronal outputs can influence other neurons within range axonal spread, while activities single be affected by afferents their somatodendritic fields. The morphological profile, therefore, binds functional role each neuron play. In addition, synaptic connectivity among displays preference based characteristics presynaptic postsynaptic neurons. Here, author reviews “spatial” “temporal” connection selectivity neocortex. histological description neocortical circuitry depends primarily classification cell types, development gene engineering techniques allows type-specific visualization axons well somata. Using genetic labeling particular populations combined with immunohistochemistry imaging at a subcellular spatial resolution, we revealed “spatial selectivity” cortical wirings which non-uniformly distributed domains manner. dynamics learning exhibit type-dependent “temporal selectivity”: corticocortical appear only transiently during phase, learning-induced new thalamocortical persist, indicating distinct circuits may supervise learning-specific ephemeral synapse memory-specific immortal formation. configuration temporal reconfiguration govern diverse functions

Language: Английский

---