IntechOpen eBooks,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 15, 2023
This
book
examines
developments
in
neuroscience
with
an
emphasis
on
electroencephalography
(EEG)
and
the
brain
connectome.
The
chapters
address
such
topics
as
practical
use
of
EEG
lab,
a
correlation
neuroimaging,
medical
application
EEG,
connectome
concepts
surgical
intervention
including
newly
evolving
stereotactic
electroencephalography,
brain–computer
interfaces
for
neurorehabilitation.
Cancers,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14(14), P. 3401 - 3401
Published: July 13, 2022
Central
nervous
system
tumors
are
the
most
common
pediatric
solid
tumors;
they
also
lethal.
Unlike
adults,
childhood
brain
mostly
primary
in
origin
and
differ
type,
location
molecular
signature.
Tumor
characteristics
(incidence,
location,
type)
vary
with
age.
Children
present
a
variety
of
symptoms,
making
early
accurate
diagnosis
challenging.
Neuroimaging
is
key
initial
monitoring
tumors.
Conventional
anatomic
imaging
approaches
(computed
tomography
(CT)
magnetic
resonance
(MRI))
useful
for
tumor
detection
but
have
limited
utility
differentiating
types
grades.
Advanced
MRI
techniques
(diffusion-weighed
imaging,
diffusion
tensor
functional
MRI,
arterial
spin
labeling
perfusion
MR
spectroscopy,
elastography)
provide
additional
improved
structural
information.
Combined
positron
emission
(PET)
single-photon
CT
(SPECT),
advanced
information
on
metabolism
physiology
through
use
radiotracer
probes.
Radiomics
radiogenomics
offer
promising
insight
into
prediction
subtype,
post-treatment
response
to
treatment,
prognostication.
In
this
paper,
brief
review
cancers,
by
provided
comprehensive
description
including
clinical
applications
that
currently
utilized
assessment
evaluation
Neurosurgery,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
92(6), P. 1234 - 1242
Published: Feb. 6, 2023
Glioblastoma
(GBM)
preferred
to
infiltrate
into
white
matter
(WM)
beyond
the
recognizable
tumor
margin.To
investigate
whether
fiber
density
(FD)
and
structural
brain
connectome
can
provide
meaningful
information
about
WM
destruction
glioma
cell
infiltration.GBM
cases
were
collected
based
on
inclusion
criteria,
baseline
preoperative
MRI
results
obtained.
GBM
lesions
automatically
segmented
necrosis,
contrast-enhanced
tumor,
edema
areas.
We
obtained
FD
map
compute
lnFD
values
in
each
subarea
reconstructed
obtain
topological
metrics
subarea.
also
divided
area
a
nonenhanced
(NET)
normal
contralesional
value
area,
computed
NET
ratio.Twenty-five
included
this
retrospective
study.
The
FD/lnFD
(aCp,
aLp,
aEg,
aEloc,
ar)
significantly
correlated
with
subareas,
which
represented
extent
of
infiltration.
parameters
ratio.
In
particular,
was
ratio
(coefficient,
0.92).
Therefore,
larger
indicates
more
severe
infiltration
suggests
an
extended
resection
for
better
clinical
outcomes.The
study
new
insight
different
consideration
their
application
neuro-oncology.
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Oct. 20, 2023
Abstract
COVID-19
is
associated
with
increased
risk
for
cognitive
decline
but
very
little
known
regarding
the
neural
mechanisms
of
this
risk.
We
enrolled
49
adults
(55%
female,
mean
age
=
30.7
+/-
8.7),
25
and
24
without
a
history
infection.
administered
standardized
tests
function
acquired
brain
connectivity
data
using
MRI.
The
group
demonstrated
significantly
lower
(W
475,
p
<
0.001,
effect
size
r
0.58)
functional
in
multiple
regions
(mean
t
3.47
0.36,
0.03,
corrected,
d
0.92
to
1.5).
Hypo-connectivity
these
was
inversely
correlated
subjective
directly
fatigue
(p
0.05,
corrected).
These
reduced
local
efficiency
0.026,
corrected)
altered
effective
may
have
widespread
on
connectome
characterized
by
patterns
information
processing
flow.
This
serve
as
an
adaptation
pathology
SARS-CoV-2
wherein
can
continue
functioning
at
near
expected
objective
levels,
patients
experience
lowered
fog.
IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10(1), P. 22 - 29
Published: April 15, 2024
Shaking
palsy
is
a
brain
disease
involving
motor
and
non
zones
affecting
circa
1
to
2%of
humans>60
years
age.
To
date
there
has
been
no
invention
for
curing
this
chronic
stop
its
progression.
But
existing
therapeutic
procedures
can
offer
symptomatic
relief
Parkinson
patients.
DBS
most
successful
therapy
the
Parkinson`s
yet
depends
on
accuracy
of
electrode
implantation
location
within
anatomical
subcortical
neural-structures.
This
study
examines
likelihood
net-work-based
induced
stimuli
application
connectomic
in
Parkinson`s.
The
subthalamic
nucleus
divided
into3
sub
zones,
namely,
limbic
(anterior),
associative
(middle)
(posterior)
as
well
diffusion
weighted
imaging
(D
W
I).
surgical
targets
are
tiny
(few
millimeters)
good
enough
neuroanatomical-structures
b
r
i
n.
STN
(size:12×5×3mm3)
lies
nearby
internal
capsule,
medial
lemniscus,
corticospinal
tract,
plus
red-nucleus.
Through
optimal
lead
insertion
over
stimuli,
flow
electrons
spread
these
adjoining
sucortics,
thereby
developing
dyskinesias
(
).
With
time,
DW-MRI
f-MRI
used
anatomical-structural
functional
connectivity
advanced
idiopathic
Contrasting
conventional
lesion
based
stimulus
hypothesis,
novel
net
hypothesis
advocated
that
exact
circuits
n
modulate
pathophysiological
net-work,
reinstate
near
tissue
region,
thus
producing
stabilization-of
human-brain-connectome
connectomes
makes
use
circuit
procedure
instead
lesion-based
stimulus,
transformed
neuromodulation.
Connectomes
via
be
tailor
made
every
enhance
operation.
It`s
just
sketch
human-brain-connectivity
(HMC)
transversely
compound
longitudinal-scales.
Yet,
it
won`t
yield
cell
information
cotacts
with
cells
at
level
micro
scale.
Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Sept. 11, 2024
Glioma-related
cognitive
dysfunction
has
emerged
as
a
significant
issue
that
affects
the
quality
of
life
patients.
This
paper
aims
to
review
latest
advancements
in
research
on
mechanisms,
assessment
methods,
and
intervention
strategies
for
glioma-induced
impairment.
First,
it
explored
potential
mechanisms
underlying
glioma-related
dysfunction,
including
influence
tumor
location,
surgical
interventions,
radiotherapy/chemotherapy.
The
focus
is
recent
discoveries
areas
such
neuroinflammation,
compromised
neuroplasticity,
alterations
white
matter
integrity.
Secondly,
examines
widely
used
tools,
neuropsychological
tests
imaging
techniques,
assesses
their
suitability
limitations
glioma
Finally,
discusses
applications
pharmacological
treatments,
neurorehabilitation
exercises,
emerging
technologies
(such
transcranial
magnetic
stimulation
brain-computer
interfaces)
mitigating
dysfunction.
Drawing
from
current
literature,
this
offers
recommendations
future
directions,
aiming
provide
valuable
insights
into
clinical
treatment
efforts.
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Oct. 1, 2024
Abstract
Purpose
Radiation
therapy
(RT)
is
an
integral
treatment
component
in
patients
with
glioma
but
associated
neurotoxicity.
Proton
RT
(PRT),
as
compared
photon
(XRT),
reduces
excess
radiation
to
nontarget
tissue.
We
used
a
retrospective
method
evaluate
brain
imaging
metrics
of
neurotoxicity
after
PRT
and
XRT
for
glioma.
Methods
analyzed
volume
change
thirty-four
WHO
grade
2–3
gliomas
treated
either
(n
=
17)
or
17).
Both
groups
were
carefully
matched
by
demographic/clinical
criteria
assessed
longitudinally
two
years
post-radiotherapy.
Brain
was
measured
ventricular
expansion
the
tumor
free
hemisphere
(contralateral
target)
proxy
indicator
loss.
further
impact
volumetric
changes
on
cognition
patients,
who
completed
neuropsychological
testing
part
outcome
study.
Results
found
significant
increases
contralesional
both
at
post-RT
(F(1,
31)
18.45,
p
<
.000,
partial
η2
.373),
greater
observed
(26.55%)
vs.
(12.03%)
(M
12.03%,
SD
16.26;
F(1,31)
4.26,
0.048,
0.121).
Although,
there
no
group-level
any
cognitive
test
individual
screening,
working
memory,
processing
speed
visual
memory
tasks
correlated
Conclusion
This
study
suggests
progressive
loss
following
cranial
irradiation,
severity
vs
PRT.
Radiation-induced
appears
be
measurable
level.
Prospective
studies
are
warranted
validate
these
findings
their
impacts
long-term
function
quality
life.
An
improved
understanding
structural
functional
consequences
essential
develop
neuroprotective
strategies.
Neuro-Oncology Advances,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
5(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Abstract
Background
In
patients
with
glioma,
clinical
manifestations
of
neural
network
disruption
include
behavioral
changes,
cognitive
decline,
and
seizures.
However,
the
extent
recovery
following
surgery
remains
unclear.
The
aim
this
study
was
to
characterize
neurophysiologic
functional
connectivity
changes
glioma
using
magnetoencephalography
(MEG).
Methods
Ten
newly
diagnosed
intra-axial
brain
tumors
undergoing
surgical
resection
were
enrolled
in
completed
at
least
two
MEG
recordings
(pre-operative
immediate
post-operative).
An
additional
post-operative
recording
6–8
weeks
obtained
for
six
patients.
Resting-state
from
28
healthy
controls
used
network-based
comparisons.
data
processing
involved
artifact
suppression,
high-pass
filtering,
source
localization.
Functional
between
parcellated
regions
estimated
coherence
values
116
virtual
channels.
Statistical
analysis
standard
parametric
tests.
Results
Distinct
alterations
spectral
power
tumor
observed,
three
frequency
bands
affected
across
all
subjects.
Tumor
location-related
observed
specific
unique
each
patient.
Recovery
regional
occurred
resection,
as
determined
by
local
normalization.
Changes
inter-regional
mapped
brain,
comparable
low
mid
gamma-associated
noted
four
Conclusion
Our
findings
provide
a
framework
future
studies
examine
other
We
demonstrate
an
intrinsic
capacity
regeneration
setting.
Further
work
should
be
aimed
correlating
individual
patients’
outcomes.
Annals of Translational Medicine,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
10(23), P. 1277 - 1277
Published: Dec. 1, 2022
CALCRL
is
involved
in
a
variety
of
key
biological
processes,
including
cell
proliferation,
apoptosis,
angiogenesis,
and
inflammation.
However,
the
role
glioma
remains
unknown.
The
purpose
this
study
was
to
investigate
effect
differential
expression
on
malignant
progression
its
value
prognosis.Sequencing
data
from
normal
tissues
were
downloaded
Cancer
Genome
Atlas
(TCGA)
Genotype-Tissue
Expression
(GTEx)
databases,
statistically
analyzed
using
bioinformatics
tools
corresponding
R
package.
brain
tissue
different
grades
detected
by
pathological
immunohistochemical
staining
clinical
specimens.
lines
quantitative
real-time
polymerase
chain
reaction
(qRT-PCR),
U87
line
with
high
selected
construct
knockdown
model
transfection
short
hairpin
(shRNA).
proliferation
ability
Celigo
assay
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium
bromide
(MTT)
assay,
clone
formation
level
apoptosis
flow
cytometry.The
significantly
upregulated
compared
that
tissue,
especially
low-grade
(LGG)
glioblastoma,
correlated
prognosis
LGG.
Clinical
pathology
immunohistochemistry
showed
related
grade
glioma,
highest
found
World
Health
Organization
(WHO)
Ⅲ
glioma.
results
qRT-PCR
line.
After
expression,
clonogenic
cells
decreased,
rate
increased.CALCRL
highly
expressed
Interfering
inhibits
promotes
thus
has
potential
as
biomarker
therapeutic
target
for
those
LGGs.
