Obesity and weight change during the COVID‐19 pandemic in children and adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Obesity Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(5)

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

Summary Many obesity risk factors have increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic, including physical inactivity, poor diet, stress, and poverty. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate impact as well associated lockdowns or restrictions, on weight change in children adults. We searched five databases from January 2020 November 2021. included only longitudinal studies with measures before pandemic that evaluated weight, body mass index (BMI) (or BMI z ‐scores for children), waist circumference, prevalence obesity. Random effects meta‐analyses were conducted obtain pooled estimates mean difference outcomes. Subgroups age groups diabetes at baseline. bias assessed using a modified version Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale, certainty evidence Grading Recommendations, Assessment, Development Evaluation (GRADE) approach. A total 74 (3,213,776 participants): 31 children, 41 adults, 2 In 1.65 kg (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40, 2.90; 9 studies) 0.13 CI 0.10, 0.17; 20 ‐scores, by 2% 1%, 3%; 12 studies). 0.93 0.54, 1.33; 27 0.38 kg/m 0.21, 0.55; 25 BMI, 1% 0%, 11 circumference 1.03 cm −0.08, 2.15; 4 There considerable heterogeneity observed all outcomes both GRADE very low During first year small but potentially clinically significant increases gain, adults observed. Increases greater targeted prevention interventions may be warranted.

Language: Английский

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High fried food consumption impacts anxiety and depression due to lipid metabolism disturbance and neuroinflammation

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(18)

Published: April 24, 2023

Western dietary patterns have been unfavorably linked with mental health. However, the long-term effects of habitual fried food consumption on anxiety and depression underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Our population-based study 140,728 people revealed that frequent consumption, especially potato is strongly associated 12% 7% higher risk depression, respectively. The associations were more pronounced among male younger consumers. Consistently, exposure to acrylamide, a representative processing contaminant in products, exacerbates scototaxis thigmotaxis, further impairs exploration ability sociality adult zebrafish, showing anxiety- depressive-like behaviors. Moreover, treatment acrylamide significantly down-regulates gene expression tjp2a related permeability blood-brain barrier. Multiomics analysis showed chronic induces cerebral lipid metabolism disturbance neuroinflammation. PPAR signaling pathway mediates acrylamide-induced disorder brain zebrafish. Especially, dysregulates sphingolipid phospholipid metabolism, which plays important roles development symptoms. In addition, promotes peroxidation oxidation stress, participate Acrylamide dramatically increases markers peroxidation, including (±)5-HETE, 11(S)-HETE, 5-oxoETE, up-regulates proinflammatory mediators such as (±)12-HETE 14(S)-HDHA, indicating elevated inflammatory status after acrylamide. Together, these results both epidemiologically mechanistically provide strong evidence unravel mechanism acrylamide-triggered highlight significance reducing for

Language: Английский

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Diet and Lifestyle Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ibero-American Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Peru, and Spain

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: June 2, 2021

This study aimed to evaluate changes in dietary and lifestyle habits during the period of confinement due first wave COVID-19 pandemic Ibero-American countries. A cross-sectional investigation was conducted with 6,325 participants both genders (68% women), over 18 years age from five countries: Brazil ( N = 2,171), Argentina 1,111), Peru 1,174), Mexico 686), Spain 1,183). Data were collected year 2020, between April 01 June 30 July 13 September 26, other countries studied using a self-administered online survey designed for assessment sociodemographic, employment, physical activity, health status, changes. Most (61.6%), mainly those Spain, remained constant, without improving or worsening their pattern food consumption. Among who changed, better eating choices prevailed (22.7%) comparison changed toward less healthy (15.7%). showed highest proportion healthier Peruvians Mexicans likely make consumption (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.4–0.6 OR: 0.69; 0.4–0.8, respectively), when compared Argentinians. respondents did not change meal consumption, but reduced main meals increased intake small snacks. Although most affirmed be doing activity at home, about one-half reported perception weight gain. Individuals alterations sleep (either by increasing decreasing time) more diets pattern. In contrast, individuals confirmed diagnosis feeling anxious perform 1.72; 1.2–2.3 1.21; 1.1–1.4, respectively). conclusion, although constant habits, anxiety feelings reported. patterns prevailed, differences However, there distribution meals, higher snacks meals. These results can used guide policies prevent deleterious consequences that may affect incidence chronic diseases.

Language: Английский

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Eating Habits during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Italy: The Nutritional and Lifestyle Side Effects of the Pandemic

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 2279 - 2279

Published: June 30, 2021

To limit the spread of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, a nationwide lockdown started in Italy March 2020. In this unpredictable situation, cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire was carried out by Observatory on Food Surplus, Recovery and Waste CREA Nutrition Centre. The aim work to evaluate how Italian habits changed during period, determinants changes, effect food waste prevention. sample 2678 respondents, 62% showed low Adherence Mediterranean Diet (AMD). During many participants improved quality their diet, increasing consumption fruit (24.4%), vegetables (28.5%), legumes (22.1%), nuts (12%), fish or shellfish (14%). Unfavorable changes were observed with excessive sweets pastries (36.9%) comfort foods (22.7%), lack physical activity (37.2%). main novelty examination dietary identified cluster analysis. Respondents generally high AMD eating habits, while respondents remained unchanged. addition, nearly 80% sensitive waste. provides useful contribution debate nutritional recommendations case further lockdown.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Nationwide Lockdowns Resulting from the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Food Intake, Eating Behaviors, and Diet Quality: A Systematic Review

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 388 - 423

Published: Dec. 20, 2021

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 Pandemic as Risk Factors for Excessive Weight Gain in Pediatrics: The Role of Changes in Nutrition Behavior. A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 4255 - 4255

Published: Nov. 26, 2021

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, social isolation, semi-lockdown, and “stay at home” orders were imposed upon population in interest of infection control. This dramatically changes daily routine children adolescents, with a large impact on lifestyle wellbeing. Children obesity have been shown to be higher risk negative weight gain during lockdown. Obesity COVID-19 negatively affect adolescents’ wellbeing, adverse effects psychophysical health, due part food choices, snacking between meals, comfort eating. Moreover, markable decrease physical activity levels an increase sedentary behavior is associated gain, especially excessive weight. In addition, most common comorbidity severe cases COVID-19, suggesting that immune dysregulation, metabolic unbalance, inadequate nutritional status, dysbiosis are key factors complex mechanistic clinical interplay COVID-19. narrative review aims describe up-to-date evidence characteristics focusing role pediatrics. The pandemic has taught us nutrition education interventions, access healthy food, as well family counselling should covered by pediatric services prevent obesity, which worsens outcomes related infection.

Language: Английский

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Diabetes and COVID-19: Population Impact 18 Months Into the Pandemic

Diabetes Care, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 44(9), P. 1916 - 1923

Published: July 9, 2021

Eighteen months into the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) pandemic, epidemiologic studies indicate that diabetes is a central contributor to COVID-19 morbidity, and, conversely, has had devastating effect on population with diabetes. In this literature synthesis, we summarize relationship of COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality, discuss predictors adverse outcomes implications overall critique current status identify needs for next phase pandemic. Case series show ∼30-40% people hospitalization, requiring intensive care, and/or death have type or 1 Among hospitalized individuals diabetes, ∼21-43% required care case fatality ∼25%. Risk mortality 100-250% higher among than those without, even after adjustment sociodemographic factors comorbid conditions. Impact general been similarly dire, as rates were 50% historical trends, net increase more twice population. Of excess deaths, ∼75-80% are not officially attributed COVID-19, which raises unanswered questions about missed attribution collateral impact. Many poor identified, particularly conditions (chronic kidney disease, coronary heart failure), concurrent obesity, chronic HbA1c control, point potential reduce in its stages. However, response continuing pandemic will benefit from population-wide broader examination risks exposure, infection, few data currently exist. The indirect impact pandemic's effects health services, behaviors, management, complications well quantified; determining be essential lessen future Expanding beyond high-income countries also limit burden low- middle-income where 80% reside so damaging.

Language: Английский

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Changes in lifestyle, diet, and body weight during the first COVID 19 ‘lockdown’ in a student sample

Appetite, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 167, P. 105638 - 105638

Published: Aug. 10, 2021

Language: Английский

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Combatting Sedentary Behaviors by Delivering Remote Physical Exercise in Children and Adolescents with Obesity in the COVID-19 Era: A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 4459 - 4459

Published: Dec. 14, 2021

The coexistence of childhood obesity (or its risk) and COVID-19 pandemic put children adolescents in greater risk to develop respiratory cardiovascular diseases. In fact, the restrictions introduced limit spread virus had detrimental effects on various lifestyle components, especially young population. This resulted augmented levels physical inactivity sedentary behaviors a reduced time spent play outdoors or sport practices. Contrariwise, increased use technology led clinicians, teachers, trainers maintain relations with obese children/adolescents so as reduce associated health risks. narrative review aims describe role Telehealth Tele-exercise useful tools management pediatric during pandemic. were effective promoting self-monitoring behavioral changes, including adherence exercise training programs adolescents. Moreover, tele-exercise platforms such applications exergames allowed flexible scheduling, limiting infection

Language: Английский

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Eating habits of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 era: A systematic review

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Oct. 18, 2022

The COVID19 pandemic has affected all aspects of people's lives. Eating habit plays a crucial role in children and adolescents' physical mental development the impacts might last until adulthood. This systematic review aimed to summarize comprehensive updated overview eating habits changes due confinements among adolescents. A literature search was performed three databases for English studies published from start April 2022. Two researchers screened articles independently included observational which evaluated children's before during confinements. quality assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment checklists cross-sectional cohort studies. Among 2,436 studies, 39 final full-text were included. total participants this consist 157,900 Seven categories identified: daily patterns, junk food, beverage, fruits vegetables, milk dairy, protein-rich foods, legumes cereals. In summary, most reported significant increase consumption home-cooked meals, amount snack, french fries, sweets, fruits, legumes, bread, bakery products. On other hand, demonstrated significantly lower intake fast food soft drink. controversial results about breakfast consumption, sugar-added drinks, caffeinated dairy products, foods (including meat, fish, egg chicken, poultry), rice, cereal. Changes COVID-19 era both positive negative, example, decrease fruit, vegetable vs. an snacking sweet consumption. Both have short-term long-term on population health. study could provide us with insight into adolescents we can use limit negative consequences

Language: Английский

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