Signalling cognition: the gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: June 19, 2023

Cognitive function in humans depends on the complex and interplay between multiple body systems, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The gut microbiota, which vastly outnumbers human cells has a genetic potential that exceeds of genome, plays crucial role this interplay. microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis is bidirectional signalling pathway operates through neural, endocrine, immune, metabolic pathways. One major neuroendocrine systems responding to stress HPA produces glucocorticoids such as cortisol corticosterone rodents. Appropriate concentrations are essential for normal neurodevelopment function, well cognitive processes learning memory, studies have shown microbes modulate throughout life. Stress can significantly impact MGB via other Animal research advanced our understanding these mechanisms pathways, leading paradigm shift conceptual thinking about influence microbiota health disease. Preclinical trials currently underway determine how animal models translate humans. In review article, we summarize current knowledge relationship axis, cognition, provide an overview main findings conclusions broad field.

Language: Английский

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The brain-gut-microbiota interplay in depression: A key to design innovative therapeutic approaches

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 192, P. 106799 - 106799

Published: May 19, 2023

Depression is the most prevalent mental disorder in world associated with huge socio-economic consequences. While depressive-related symptoms are well known, molecular mechanisms underlying disease pathophysiology and progression remain largely unknown. The gut microbiota (GM) emerging as a key regulator of central nervous system homeostasis by exerting fundamental immune metabolic functions. In turn, brain influences intestinal microbial composition through neuroendocrine signals, within so-called microbiota-brain axis. balance this bidirectional crosstalk important to ensure neurogenesis, preserve integrity blood-brain barrier avoid neuroinflammation. Conversely, dysbiosis permeability negatively affect development, behavior, cognition. Furthermore, although not fully defined yet, changes GM depressed patients reported influence pharmacokinetics common antidepressants affecting their absorption, metabolism, activity. Similarly, neuropsychiatric drugs may shape turn an impact on efficacy toxicity pharmacological intervention itself. Consequently, strategies aimed at re-establishing correct homeostatic (i.e., prebiotics, probiotics, fecal transplantation, dietary interventions) represent innovative approach improve pharmacotherapy depression. Among these, probiotics Mediterranean diet, alone or combination standard care, hold promise for clinical application. Therefore, disclosure intricate network between depression will give precious insights diagnostic therapeutic approaches towards depression, profound implications drug development practice.

Language: Английский

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Effectiveness of Psychobiotics in the Treatment of Psychiatric and Cognitive Disorders: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(9), P. 1352 - 1352

Published: April 30, 2024

In this study, a systematic review of randomized clinical trials conducted from January 2000 to December 2023 was performed examine the efficacy psychobiotics—probiotics beneficial mental health via gut–brain axis—in adults with psychiatric and cognitive disorders. Out 51 studies involving 3353 patients where half received psychobiotics, there notably high measurement effectiveness specifically in treatment depression symptoms. Most participants were older female, treatments commonly utilizing strains Lactobacillus Bifidobacteria over periods ranging 4 24 weeks. Although general agreement on variability approaches presentations limits comparability generalization findings. This underscores need for more personalized optimization deeper investigation into mechanisms through which psychobiotics act. The research corroborates therapeutic potential represents progress management

Language: Английский

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Probiotics therapy show significant improvement in obesity and neurobehavioral disorders symptoms

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: May 12, 2023

Obesity is a complex metabolic disease, with cognitive impairment being an essential complication. Gut microbiota differs markedly between individuals and without obesity. The microbial–gut–brain axis important pathway through which factors, such as obesity, affect the brain. Probiotics have been shown to alleviate symptoms associated obesity neurobehavioral disorders. In this review, we evaluated previously published studies on effectiveness of probiotic interventions in reducing impairment, depression, anxiety or high-fat diet. Most probiotics studied beneficial health effects obesity-induced anxiety. They positively immune regulation, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, hippocampal function, intestinal mucosa protection, glucolipid metabolism regulation. can influence changes composition gut ratio various flora. However, should be used caution, particularly healthy individuals. Future research further explore mechanisms underlying gut–brain function while overcoming significant variation study design high risk bias current evidence.

Language: Английский

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Metabolic Status Influences Probiotic Efficacy for Depression—PRO-DEMET Randomized Clinical Trial Results

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(9), P. 1389 - 1389

Published: May 3, 2024

Probiotics may represent a safe and easy-to-use treatment option for depression or its metabolic comorbidities. However, it is not known whether features can influence the efficacy of probiotics treatments depression. This trial involved parallel-group, prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled design. In total, 116 participants with received probiotic preparation containing Lactobacillus helveticus Rosell®-52 Bifidobacterium longum Rosell®-175 placebo over 60 days. The psychometric data were assessed longitudinally at five time-points. Data blood pressure, body weight, waist circumference, complete count, serum levels C-reactive protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose measured beginning intervention period. There was no advantage usage in score overall (PRO vs. PLC: F(1.92) = 0.58; p 0.45). we found higher rate minimum clinically important differences patients supplemented than those allocated to generally (74.5 53.5%; X2(1,n 94) 4.53; 0.03; NNT 4.03), as well antidepressant-treated subgroup. Moreover, that more advanced pre-intervention abnormalities (such overweight, excessive central adipose tissue, liver steatosis), lower improvements scores. A baseline stress level correlated better improvements. current formulations only be used complementary depressive disorders. Metabolic require complex treatments. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04756544.

Language: Английский

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Strain-specific effects of probiotics on depression and anxiety: a meta-analysis

Gut Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Sept. 8, 2024

Depression and anxiety are pervasive mental health disorders with substantial global burdens. Probiotics, live microorganisms known for their benefits, have emerged as a potential therapeutic intervention these conditions. This systematic review meta-analysis aim to evaluate the strain-specific effects of probiotics on relieving depressive symptoms while elucidating underlying mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Magnesium and Longevity

Published: Nov. 7, 2024

Magnesium (Mg) is not prominent among the list of well known anti-aging agents. Yet signs and symptoms aging mimic those Mg deficiency. required for over 800 enzymatic reactions (as 2022). This review does correlate status with clinical data on agents linked to longevity. The approach physiologic highlights specific dependent by these longevity biomarkers. Many share common pathways extend healthspan. a cofactor in synthesis vitamin D melatonin activation six eight B vitamins. It all CYP450 enzymes. directly responsible appropriate methylation proteins DNA, which control epigenome. MTHFR (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) 677T allele that compromises present majority Americans. Aberrant predicts severity Covid-19 its persistence into long Covid. silent benefactor may indirectly link agents, but only if viewed context calcium (Ca), i.e., Ca:Mg. Both compete same receptor. To fully exploit sufficient required. pertinent physiology presented.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Bifidobacterium breve 207-1 on regulating lifestyle behaviors and mental wellness in healthy adults based on the microbiome-gut-brain axis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

European Journal of Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 63(7), P. 2567 - 2585

Published: June 13, 2024

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D, Calcium to Magnesium, and the Gut Microbiome

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

The gut microbiome has been the subject of increasing interest as integral to our health. Few realize that enormous benefits vitamin D (VD) and magnesium (Mg) are highly dependent on a healthy microbiome. Short chain fatty acids, especially butyrate, reflect not only but also VD status. Suboptimal VD, Mg, or butyrate translates some degree dysbiosis vice versa. Mg secondary bile indoles, tryptophan, all microbial metabolites longevity agents, discussed. is indispensable synthesis active form 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) from acetate. 7-DHC substrate for solar conversion D3. steadily Ca:Mg in Western diet its troubling impact parathormone (PTH) Gut further complicates this. A model addressing seemingly contradictory reports regarding calcium, magnesium, efficacy among disparate groups presented. Biochemical physiologic interlinkages legion most remain hidden. This limited mini review exposes insight into tight linkage between 25(OH) D3 Ca:Mg, facilitated by incorporating physiologically discordant reinforcing effects this based genes, culture, socioeconomic status, proposed.

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D, Calcium to Magnesium, and the Gut Microbiome

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

The gut microbiome has been the subject of increasing interest as integral to our health. Few realize that enormous benefits vitamin D (VD) and magnesium (Mg) are highly dependent on a healthy microbiome. Short chain fatty acids, especially butyrate, reflect not only but also VD status. Suboptimal VD, Mg, or butyrate translates some degree dysbiosis vice versa. Mg secondary bile indoles, tryptophan, all microbial metabolites longevity agents, discussed. is indispensable synthesis active form 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) from acetate. 7-DHC substrate for solar conversion D3. steadily Ca:Mg in Western diet its troubling impact parathormone (PTH) Gut further complicates this. A model addressing seemingly contradictory reports regarding calcium, magnesium, efficacy among disparate groups presented. Biochemical physiologic interlinkages legion most remain hidden. This limited mini review exposes insight into tight linkage between 25(OH) D3 Ca:Mg, facilitated by incorporating physiologically discordant reinforcing effects this based genes, culture, socioeconomic status, proposed.

Language: Английский

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