Toxics,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
13(5), P. 362 - 362
Published: April 30, 2025
Acrylamide
(ACR)
is
a
potent
neurotoxicant
that
disrupts
cellular
redox
homeostasis
by
depleting
reduced
glutathione
(GSH)
and
inducing
oxidative
stress.
Despite
its
well-characterized
mechanism,
no
effective
treatments
for
ACR-induced
neurotoxicity
currently
exist.
This
study
evaluates
the
therapeutic
efficacy
of
N-acetylcysteine-amide
(AD4),
blood–brain
barrier
(BBB)-permeable
derivative
N-acetylcysteine,
in
novel
severe
acute
ACR
model
adult
zebrafish.
Adult
zebrafish
received
single
intraperitoneal
(i.p.)
injection
(800
μg/g),
followed
AD4
(400
μg/g
i.p.)
or
PBS
24
h
later.
exposure
brain
GSH
levels
51%
reduction
at
48
h,
an
effect
fully
reversed
treatment.
Behavioral
analyses
showed
rescued
deficits
short-term
habituation
acoustic
startle
response
(ASR).
Surprisingly,
did
not
alter
neurochemical
profile
key
neurotransmitters
expression
genes
related
to
homeostasis,
synaptic
vesicle
recycling,
regeneration,
myelination.
These
results
demonstrate
AD4’s
neuroprotective
effects
against
toxicity,
highlighting
potential
validating
as
translational
studying
neurotoxic
mechanisms
interventions.
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: Sept. 5, 2022
Inflammation
and
oxidative
stress
lead
to
various
acute
or
chronic
diseases,
including
pneumonia,
liver
kidney
injury,
cardiovascular
cerebrovascular
metabolic
cancer.
Ginseng
is
a
well-known
widely
used
ethnic
medicine
in
Asian
countries,
ginsenoside
Rg3
saponin
isolated
from
Panax
ginseng
C.
A.
Meyer,
notoginseng,
quinquefolius
L.
This
compound
has
wide
range
of
pharmacological
properties,
antioxidant
anti-inflammatory
activities,
which
have
been
evaluated
disease
models
inflammation
stress.
can
attenuate
lung
inflammation,
prevent
function
damage,
mitigate
neuroinflammation,
cerebral
myocardial
ischemia–reperfusion
improve
hypertension
diabetes
symptoms.
The
multitarget,
multipathway
mechanisms
action
gradually
deciphered.
review
summarizes
the
existing
knowledge
on
effects
underlying
molecular
Rg3,
suggesting
that
may
be
promising
candidate
drug
for
treatment
diseases
with
inflammatory
conditions.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(3), P. 504 - 504
Published: Jan. 18, 2023
Excess
consumption
of
ultra-processed
foods
(UPFs)
is
currently
under
investigation
for
its
potentially
detrimental
impact
on
human
health.
Current
evidence
demonstrates
a
substantial
association
with
an
increased
risk
metabolic
disorders,
but
data
mental
health
outcomes
are
just
emerging.
The
aim
this
study
was
to
investigate
the
relationship
between
UPFs
and
depressive
symptoms
in
sample
younger
Italian
adults.
A
cross-sectional
conducted
596
individuals
(age
18-35
y)
recruited
southern
Italy.
Food
frequency
questionnaires
NOVA
classification
were
used
assess
dietary
factors;
Center
Epidemiological
Studies
Depression
Short
Form
(CES-D-10)
presence
symptoms.
Individuals
highest
quartile
UPF
had
higher
odds
having
energy-adjusted
model
(odds
ratio
(OR)
=
1.89,
95%
confidence
interval
(CI):
1.06,
3.28);
remained
significant
after
adjusting
potential
confounding
factors
(OR
2.04,
CI:
1.04,
4.01)
became
even
stronger
further
adjustment
adherence
Mediterranean
diet
as
proxy
quality
2.70,
1.32,
5.51).
In
conclusion,
positive
likelihood
found
individuals.
Given
consistency
findings
quality,
studies
needed
understand
whether
non-nutritional
may
play
role
neurobiology.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(5), P. 2927 - 2927
Published: March 2, 2024
Ischemic
stroke
is
associated
with
a
high
mortality
rate,
and
effective
treatment
strategies
are
currently
lacking.
In
this
study,
we
aimed
to
develop
novel
nano
delivery
system
treat
ischemic
via
intranasal
administration.
A
three-factor
Box–Behnken
experimental
design
was
used
optimize
the
formulation
of
liposomes
co-loaded
Panax
notoginseng
saponins
(PNSs)
Ginsenoside
Rg3
(Rg3)
(Lip-Rg3/PNS).
Macrophage
membranes
were
coated
onto
surface
optimized
target
site
brain.
The
double-loaded
disguised
by
macrophage
(MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS)
spherical,
in
“shell–core”
structure,
encapsulation
rates
81.41%
(PNS)
93.81%
(Rg3),
showed
good
stability.
vitro,
MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS
taken
up
brain
endothelial
cells
clathrin-dependent
endocytosis
micropinocytosis
pathways.
Network
pharmacology
experiments
predicted
that
could
regulate
multiple
signaling
pathways
reducing
apoptosis
inflammatory
responses.
After
14
days
MM-Lip-Rg3/PNS,
survival
weight,
neurological
score
middle
cerebral
artery
occlusion
(MCAO)
rats
significantly
improved.
hematoxylin
eosin
(H&E)
TUNEL
staining
results
can
reduce
neuronal
cell
infiltration
protect
vivo
biological
have
shown
free
Rg3,
PNS,
alleviate
inflammation
apoptosis,
especially
indicating
biomimetic
improve
therapeutic
effects
drugs.
Overall,
potential
targeted
for
therapy.
Chemical Research in Toxicology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
36(8), P. 1374 - 1385
Published: Aug. 2, 2023
Acrylamides
are
widely
used
industrial
chemicals
that
cause
adverse
effects
in
humans
or
animals,
such
as
carcinogenicity
neurotoxicity.
The
excess
toxicity
of
these
reactive
electrophilic
is
especially
interesting,
it
mostly
triggered
by
covalent
reactions
with
biological
nucleophiles,
DNA
bases,
proteins,
peptides.
cytotoxicity
and
activation
oxidative
stress
response
10
(meth)acrylamides
measured
three
reporter
gene
cell
lines
occurred
at
similar
concentrations.
Most
acrylamides
exhibited
high
toxicity,
while
methacrylamides
acted
baseline
toxicants.
showed
no
reactivity
toward
the
hard
nucleophile
2-deoxyguanosine
(2DG)
within
24
h,
only
reacted
soft
glutathione
(GSH).
Second-order
degradation
rate
constants
(kGSH)
were
for
all
N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide)
(NMBA)
showing
highest
kGSH
(134.800
M-1
h-1)
N,N-diethylacrylamide
(NDA)
lowest
(2.574
h-1).
Liquid
chromatography
coupled
to
high-resolution
mass
spectrometry
was
confirm
GSH
conjugates
a
double
conjugate
formed
NMBA.
differences
between
could
be
explained
charge
density
carbon
atoms
because
electron-donating
inductive
effect
methyl
group
lowered
their
electrophilicity
thus
reactivity.
energy
unoccupied
molecular
orbital
steric
hindrance.
Cytotoxicity
linearly
correlated
second-order
reaction
GSH.
hence
not
detoxification
mechanism
but
also
leads
disturbances
redox
balance,
making
cells
more
vulnerable
oxygen
species.
cells,
lack
led
toxicity.
Deleted Journal,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
6(4)
Published: April 2, 2024
Abstract
Acrylamide
(AA)
is
a
potential
neurotoxic
chemical
used
widely
in
numerous
large-scale
industries
and
molecular
research
labs.
It
common
toxic
contaminant
potato
grain-based
food
products
prepared
at
high
temperatures.
AA
has
received
serious
attention
due
to
the
cumulative
level
exposure
human
population
regularly
through
dietary,
environmental,
cosmetics
routes
other
than
just
occupational
exposure.
well-characterized
neurotoxin
many
rodents
studies;
however
mechanistic
pathway
lacks
detailed
characterization.
Putatively,
exerts
its
effects
primarily
mediated
by
terminal
nerve
damage
inhibition
of
neurotransmission
upon
formation
irreversible
AA-neuronal
protein
adducts.
Other
contributors
AA-induced
neuropathological
alterations
involve
an
imbalance
redox
neuronal
cells,
kinesin-based
axonal
transport,
increased
apoptosis,
degenerative
changes
cholinergic
dopaminergic
neurons,
hyperphosphorylation
Tau.
These
neurological
substantiate
prognosis
pathological
development
severe
neurodegenerative
diseases.
This
review
summarizes
possible
advances
understanding
mechanisms
neurotoxicity
clinical
implications.
Furthermore,
we
also
discuss
therapeutic
mitigation
strategies
counter
health
implications
AA.
Petroleum Science and Technology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 20
Published: Jan. 2, 2025
Current
study
uses
chemical
agents
and
ultrasonic
waves
to
degrade
the
partially
hydrolyzed
polyacrylamide
(PHPAM)
solution.
Due
decrease
in
effectiveness
of
solution,
it
is
essential
degel
leftover
Various
chemicals,
including
hydrogen
peroxide
(H2O2)
chlorine
dioxide
(ClO2),
remove
residue.
However,
due
consumable
procurement
environmental
insecurity,
this
technology
not
appealing.
In
contrast,
perform
well
degradation
are
more
reliable,
cost-effective,
environmentally
friendly.
The
transducer
#1
with
a
frequency
18.0
KHz
functioned
admirably,
successfully
degrading
polymer
After
10
min
irradiation,
solution's
viscosity
dropped
from
114
6.45
mPa-s.
Transducers
#2
#3,
frequencies
20.0
25.0
KHz,
reduced
6.62
6.5
mPa-s,
respectively.
ClO2
degrades
effectively
than
H2O2
its
higher
oxidizing
potential,
reducing
15.8
mPa-s
after
12
h.
Ultrasonic-assisted
PHPAM
mainly
cavitation,
heat
energy,
hydroxyl
radical
(HO∙)
generation,
while
treatment
involves
radicals
nascent
oxygen
[O].
This
first
compare
chemical-assisted
ultrasonic-aided
polyacrylamide.