Non-Coding RNA as Biomarkers for Type 2 Diabetes Development and Clinical Management

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Sept. 17, 2021

Diabetes, a metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose and other complications, has undefined causes multiple risk factors, including inappropriate diet, unhealthy lifestyles, genetic predisposition. The two most distinguished types of diabetes are type 1 2 diabetes, resulting from the autoimmune impairment insulin-generating pancreatic β cells insulin insensitivity, respectively. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), cohort with little transcriptional value, have been found to exert substantial importance in epigenetic posttranscriptional modulation gene expression such as messenger RNA (mRNA) silencing. This review mainly focuses on pathology (T2D) ncRNAs potential biomarkers T2D development clinical management. We consolidate pathogenesis, diagnosis, current treatments T2D, present existing evidence changes response various pathological dysfunctions different stages T2D.

Language: Английский

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PPAR-γ Partial Agonists in Disease-Fate Decision with Special Reference to Cancer

Cells, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(20), P. 3215 - 3215

Published: Oct. 13, 2022

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) has emerged as one of the most extensively studied transcription factors since its discovery in 1990, highlighting importance etiology and treatment numerous diseases involving various types cancer, type 2 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune, dermatological cardiovascular disorders. Ligands are regarded key determinant for tissue-specific activation PPAR-γ. However, mechanism governing this process is merely a contradictory debate which yet to be systematically researched. Either these receptors get weakly activated by endogenous or natural ligands leads direct over-activation synthetic ligands, serving complete full agonists. Therefore, fine-tuning on action PPAR-γ more subtle modulation can rewarding approach might open new avenues several diseases. In recent era, researchers have sought develop safer partial agonists order dodge toxicity induced agonists, akin balanced activation. With particular reference review concentrates therapeutic role especially cancer treatment. Additionally, timely examination their efficacy other disease-fate decisions been also discussed.

Language: Английский

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The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the tumor microenvironment, tumor cell metabolism, and anticancer therapy

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: May 12, 2023

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have been extensively studied for over 3 decades and consist of three isotypes, including PPARα, γ, β/δ, that were originally considered key metabolic regulators controlling energy homeostasis in the body. Cancer has become a leading cause human mortality worldwide, role peroxisome cancer is increasingly being investigated, especially deep molecular mechanisms effective therapies. are an important class lipid sensors involved regulation multiple pathways cell fate. They can regulate progression different tissues by activating endogenous or synthetic compounds. This review emphasizes significance knowledge tumor microenvironment, metabolism, anti-cancer treatment summarizing recent research on receptors. In general, either promote suppress types microenvironments. The emergence this difference depends various factors, receptor type, stage. Simultaneously, effect therapy based drug-targeted PPARs differs even opposes among homotypes types. Therefore, current status challenges use agonists antagonists further explored review.

Language: Английский

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Loratidine is associated with improved prognosis and exerts antineoplastic effects via apoptotic and pyroptotic crosstalk in lung cancer

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

Abstract Background Tumor-associated inflammation suggests that anti-inflammatory medication could be beneficial in cancer therapy. Loratadine, an antihistamine, has demonstrated improved survival certain cancers. However, the anticancer mechanisms of loratadine lung remain unclear. Objective This study investigates cancer. Methods A retrospective cohort 4,522 patients from 2006 to 2018 was analyzed identify noncancer drug exposures associated with prognosis. Cellular experiments, animal models, and RNA-seq data analysis were employed validate findings explore antitumor effects loratadine. Results revealed a positive association between administration ameliorated outcomes patients, exhibiting dose dependency. Rigorous vitro vivo assays apoptosis induction epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) reduction stimulated by moderate concentrations, whereas pyroptosis triggered elevated dosages. Intriguingly, found augment PPARγ levels, which acted as gasdermin D transcription promoter caspase-8 activation enhancer. Consequently, might incite sophisticated interplay pyroptosis, facilitated pivotal role caspase-8. Conclusion Loratadine use is linked enhanced potentially due its modulating via

Language: Английский

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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: Key regulators of tumor progression and growth

Translational Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 47, P. 102039 - 102039

Published: June 24, 2024

One of the main causes death on globe is cancer. Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors, including PPARα, PPARδ and PPARγ, which important in regulating cancer cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, tumor growth. Activation PPARs by endogenous or synthetic compounds regulates progression various tissues. Although each PPAR isotype suppresses promotes development depending specific tissues ligands, mechanism still unclear. receiving interest as possible therapeutic targets for a number disorders. Numerous clinical studies being conducted Therefore, this review will focus existing future uses agonists antagonists treating malignancies. PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus databases were searched regarding effect types cancers until end May 2023. The results articles showed influence wide range vitro, vivo studies. However, further experimental needed to be cancers.

Language: Английский

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Cellular Senescence: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(12), P. 1769 - 1769

Published: Nov. 25, 2021

Cellular senescence is a complex and multistep biological process which cells can undergo in response to different stresses. Referring highly stable cell cycle arrest, cellular influence multitude of processes—both physiologically pathologically. While phenotypically diverse, characteristics include the expression senescence-associated secretory phenotype, arrest factors, β-galactosidase, morphogenesis, chromatin remodelling. Persistent associated with pathologies such as aging, while transient beneficial programmes, limb patterning. With these implications, senescence-based translational studies, namely senotherapy pro-senescence therapy, are well underway find cure complicated diseases cancer atherosclerosis. Being subject major interest only recent decades, much remains be studied, regarding identification unique biomarkers senescent cells. This review attempts provide comprehensive understanding diverse literature on senescence, discuss knowledge we have thus far.

Language: Английский

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Endogenous stimuli-responsive nanoparticles for cancer therapy: From bench to bedside

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 186, P. 106522 - 106522

Published: Oct. 23, 2022

Language: Английский

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Anoikis in phenotypic reprogramming of the prostate tumor microenvironment

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 5, 2023

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in males wherein 1 8 men are diagnosed with this disease their lifetime. The urgency to find novel therapeutic interventions associated high treatment resistance and mortality rates castration-resistant prostate cancer. Anoikis an apoptotic phenomenon for normal epithelial or endothelial cells that have lost attachment extracellular matrix (ECM). Tumor lose connection ECM can die via apoptosis survive anoikis thus escaping distant organs metastatic progression. This review discusses recent advances made our understanding signaling effectors approaches translate these mechanistic insights into benefits reducing lethal outcomes (by overcoming resistance). tumor microenvironment a highly dynamic landscape balance between androgen signaling, cell lineage changes, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), interactions, actin cytoskeleton remodeling as well metabolic confer spread. Thus, mechanisms also offer unique molecular signatures, exploitation which prime tumors induction translational significance.

Language: Английский

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The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the modulation of hyperinflammation induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection: A perspective for COVID-19 therapy

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 17, 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe respiratory caused by infection with acute syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that affects the lower and upper tract in humans. SARS-CoV-2 associated induction of cascade uncontrolled inflammatory responses host, ultimately leading to hyperinflammation or cytokine storm. Indeed, storm hallmark immunopathogenesis, directly related severity mortality COVID-19 patients. Considering lack any definitive treatment for COVID-19, targeting key factors regulate response patients could be fundamental step developing effective therapeutic strategies against infection. Currently, addition well-defined metabolic actions, especially lipid metabolism glucose utilization, there growing evidence central role ligand-dependent nuclear receptors peroxisome proliferator-activated (PPARs) including PPARα, PPARβ/δ, PPARγ control signals various human diseases. This makes them attractive targets approaches control/suppress hyperinflammatory COVID-19. In this review, we (1) investigate anti-inflammatory mechanisms mediated PPARs their ligands during infection, (2) on basis recent literature, highlight importance PPAR subtypes development promising

Language: Английский

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Analogues of Anticancer Natural Products: Chiral Aspects

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 5679 - 5679

Published: March 16, 2023

Life is chiral, as its constituents consist, to a large degree, of optically active molecules, be they macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids) or small biomolecules. Hence, these molecules interact disparately with different enantiomers chiral compounds, creating preference for particular enantiomer. This discrimination special importance in medicinal chemistry, since many pharmacologically compounds are used racemates-equimolar mixtures two enantiomers. Each may express behaviour terms pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity. The application only one enantiomer improve the bioactivity drug, well reduce incidence intensity adverse effects. significance regarding structure natural products great majority contain several centres. In present survey, we discuss impact chirality on anticancer chemotherapy highlight recent developments this area. Particular attention has been given synthetic derivatives drugs origin, naturally occurring constitute major pool new pharmacological leads. Studies have selected which report differential activity activities single racemate.

Language: Английский

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