Oral microbiota in human systematic diseases

International Journal of Oral Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: March 2, 2022

Abstract Oral bacteria directly affect the disease status of dental caries and periodontal diseases. The dynamic oral microbiota cooperates with host to reflect information immunity metabolism through two-way communication along cavity systemic organs. is one most important interaction windows between human body environment. microenvironment at different sites in has microbial compositions regulated by complex signaling, hosts, external environmental factors. These processes may or health because certain states seem be related composition bacteria, destruction community In this review, we discussed emerging exciting evidence connections microbes multiple diseases, possible contribution microorganisms This review aims enhance interest on whole body, also improve clinician’s understanding role Microbial research dentistry potentially enhances our knowledge pathogenic mechanisms same time, continuous advances frontier field lead a tangible impact health.

Language: Английский

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Clinical applications of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in dentistry

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 5, 2023

Given the emergence of resistant bacterial strains and novel microorganisms that globally threaten human life, moving toward new treatment modalities for microbial infections has become a priority more than ever. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) been introduced as promising non-invasive local adjuvant in several oral infectious diseases. Its efficacy elimination bacterial, fungal, viral key pathogens such Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis have investigated by many invitro clinical studies. Researchers also methods increasing amazing developments production natural, nano based, targeted photosensitizers. As studies an important role paving way towards evidence-based applications infection this method, current review aimed to provide overall view potential field summarize data available randomized controlled conducted on aPDT dentistry investigate its future horizons dental practice. Four databases including PubMed (Medline), Web Science, Scopus Embase were searched up September 2022 retrieve related There are reporting effective adjunctive modality capable reducing pathogenic loads periodontal peri-implant, persistent endodontic infections. Clinical evidence reveals therapeutic prevention reduction cariogenic organisms with fungal or origins, however, number these groups much less. Altogether, various photosensitizers used it is still not possible recommend specific irradiation parameters due heterogenicity among Reaching protocols difficult requires further high quality trials focusing PS shown able reduce sufficient follow-up periods.

Language: Английский

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Intratumoural microbiota: a new frontier in cancer development and therapy

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Jan. 10, 2024

Abstract Human microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, play key roles in several physiological pathological processes. Some studies discovered that tumour tissues once considered sterile actually host a variety of which have been confirmed to be closely related oncogenesis. The concept intratumoural microbiota was subsequently proposed. Microbiota could colonise through mucosal destruction, adjacent tissue migration, hematogenic invasion affect the biological behaviour tumours as an important part microenvironment. Mechanistic demonstrated potentially promote initiation progression by inducing genomic instability mutations, affecting epigenetic modifications, promoting inflammation response, avoiding immune regulating metabolism, activating metastasis. Since more comprehensive profound insights about intratumoral are continuously emerging, new methods for early diagnosis prognostic assessment cancer patients under examination. In addition, interventions based on show great potential open chapter antitumour therapy, especially immunotherapy, although there some inevitable challenges. Here, we aim provide extensive review concept, development history, sources, heterogeneity, carcinogenic mechanisms explore role microorganisms prognosis, discuss current treatment regimens target research prospects limitations this field.

Language: Английский

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Update on the Epidemiological Features and Clinical Implications of Human Papillomavirus Infection (HPV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Coinfection

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(5), P. 1047 - 1047

Published: May 18, 2022

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted (STI) worldwide. Although HPV infections will spontaneously resolve, a considerable proportion of them persist, increasing risk anogenital dysplasia, especially within certain populations, such as patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Furthermore, high-risk oncogenic types (HR-HPV) are main cause cervix and other cancers, cancer vagina, vulva, penis, or anus. HIV coinfection among people living (PLWH) but disproportionally affects men who have sex (MSM) for whom rate persistent reinfection noteworthy. The molecular interactions between HPV, well interplay both viruses immune system, increasingly being understood. dysfunction induced by impairs clearance increases its risk. Despite availability effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), incidence several HPV-related cancers higher in PLWH, burden disease has become significant concern an aging population. Several public health strategies been developed to reduce transmission mitigate consequences this type coinfection. Universal vaccination preventive tool disease. In addition, screening programs cervical vulvovaginal diseases women well-recognized prevent cancer. Similarly, anal dysplasia implemented worldwide prevention PLWH. Herein, epidemiological features clinical implications reviewed, focusing mainly on relationship status current used

Language: Английский

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Cancer type classification using plasma cell-free RNAs derived from human and microbes

eLife, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: July 11, 2022

The utility of cell-free nucleic acids in monitoring cancer has been recognized by both scientists and clinicians. In addition to human transcripts, a fraction plasma were proven be derived from microbes reported have relevance cancer. To obtain better understanding RNAs (cfRNAs) patients, we profiled cfRNAs ~300 samples 5 types (colorectal cancer, stomach liver lung esophageal cancer) healthy donors (HDs) with RNA-seq. Microbe-derived consistently detected different computational methods when potential contaminations carefully filtered. Clinically relevant signals identified microbial reads, enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes Genomes pathways downregulated genes higher prevalence torque teno viruses suggest that patients immunosuppressed. Our data support the diagnostic value microbe-derived for detection, as an area under ROC curve approximately 0.9 distinguishing HDs was achieved. Moreover, type specificity, combining two features could distinguish tumors five primary locations average recall 60.4%. Compared using alone, adding improved 8%. summary, this work provides evidence clinical their utilities detection well determination tumor sites.

Language: Английский

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The emerging role of oral microbiota in oral cancer initiation, progression and stemness

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Oct. 26, 2023

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent malignancy among Head and Neck cancer. OSCCs are highly inflammatory, immune-suppressive, aggressive tumors. Recent sequencing based studies demonstrated involvement of different oral microbiota in cavity diseases leading OSCC carcinogenesis, initiation progression. Researches showed that can activate inflammatory pathways cancer stem cells (CSCs) associated stemness for tumor We speculate CSCs their niche may interact with microbiotas to promote progression stemness. Certain reported be involved dysbiosis, pre-cancerous lesions, development. Identification these specific including Human papillomavirus (HPV), Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG), Fusobacterium nucleatum (FN) provides us a new opportunity study bacteria/stem cell, as well bacteria/OSCC interaction initiation, Importantly, evidences enabled develop in-vitro in-vivo models defense CSC defense. Thus this review, role has been explored special focus on how induces by modulating mucosal

Language: Английский

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Comprehensive Insights into Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, and Therapeutic Advances

Pathology - Research and Practice, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 261, P. 155489 - 155489

Published: July 27, 2024

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the intratumoral microbiota within cancer landscapes

iScience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(6), P. 109893 - 109893

Published: May 3, 2024

Recent advances in cancer research have unveiled a significant yet previously underappreciated aspect of oncology: the presence and role intratumoral microbiota. These microbial residents, encompassing bacteria, fungi, viruses within tumor tissues, been found to exert considerable influence on development, progression, efficacy therapeutic interventions. This review aims synthesize these groundbreaking discoveries, providing an integrated overview identification, characterization, functional roles microbiota biology. We focus elucidating complex interactions between microorganisms microenvironment, highlighting their potential as novel biomarkers targets. The purpose this is offer comprehensive understanding dimension cancer, paving way for innovative approaches diagnosis treatment.

Language: Английский

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Noninvasive Imaging Methods to Improve the Diagnosis of Oral Carcinoma and Its Precursors: State of the Art and Proposal of a Three-Step Diagnostic Process

Cancers, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 2864 - 2864

Published: June 8, 2021

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent form of cancer lips and oral cavity, its diagnostic delay, caused by misdiagnosis at early stages, responsible for high mortality ratios. Biopsy histopathological assessment are gold standards OSCC diagnosis, but they time-consuming, invasive, do not always enable patient’s compliance, mainly in cases follow-up with need more biopsies. The use adjunctive noninvasive imaging techniques improves approach, making it faster better accepted patients. present review aims to focus on consolidated techniques, such as vital staining tissue autofluorescence, report potential role some promising innovative narrow-band imaging, high-frequency ultrasounds, optical coherence tomography, vivo confocal microscopy. According their contribution an ideal three-step procedure proposed, make path faster, better, accurate.

Language: Английский

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The feature of cervical microbiota associated with the progression of cervical cancer among reproductive females

Gynecologic Oncology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 163(2), P. 348 - 357

Published: Sept. 7, 2021

The aim of this study was to characterize cervical microbiome feature reproductive-age women in the progression squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) cancer.We characterized 16S rDNA mucus 94 participants (age from 18 52), including 13 cancer (CA), 31 high-grade SIL (HSIL), 10 low-grade (LSIL), 12 HPV-infected (NH) patients and 28 healthy controls (NN). Alpha (within sample) diversity examined by Shannon Simpson index, while Beta (between principle coordinate analysis (PCoA) weighted Unifrac distances. Relative abundance microbial taxa compared using Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe). Co-occurrence performed identify correlation among marker genera, Phylogenetic investigation communities reconstruction unobserved states (PICRUSt) explore functional features pathways microbiota.Alpha diversity(p < 0.05) higher severer pathology with lower relative Lactobacillus as well anaerobes. (p 0.01) significantly different. Marker genera were identified Porphyromonas, Prevotella Campylobacter CA Sneathia HSIL. differential opposite that Lactobacillus.Our suggests differences microbiota females different stages carcinogenesis. might participate lesion will be helpful for diagnosis, prevention treatment. These findings may lead way further development cancer.

Language: Английский

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