Next-Generation Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Mechanisms of Resistance and Novel Treatment Approaches

Cancers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 236 - 236

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and, with only 15-20% HCC patients being suitable for potentially curative treatments, the vast majority ultimately require systemic therapy. For decades, choice effective therapy remained sparse. In recent years, after combination atezolizumab and bevacizumab demonstrated superior overall survival over first-line standard, sorafenib, there has been major therapeutic paradigm shift to immunotherapy-based regimens HCC. While representing great leap forward treatment this cancer, reality that less than one-third achieve an objective response immune checkpoint inhibitor-based therapy, so remains significant clinical need further optimization. review, we provide overview current landscape immunotherapy unresectable delve into tumor intrinsic extrinsic mechanisms resistance established immunotherapies focus on novel targets strong translational potential. Following this, spotlight emerging approaches notable trials aiming optimize efficacy in include inhibitors, microenvironment modulators, targeted delivery systems, locoregional interventions.

Language: Английский

---

Reevaluating Calculus bovis: Modulating the liver cancer immune microenvironment via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway

World Journal of Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(6)

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

In this article, we comment on the work published by Huang et al, which explores mechanisms Calculus bovis (CB) modulates liver cancer immune microenvironment via Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. The study demonstrates that active components in CB effectively inhibit activation of pathway, significantly reducing polarization M2 tumor-associated macrophages. Both vivo and vitro experiments have validated anti-tumour effects CB, revealing its complex action through modulation cell functions within tumour microenvironment. This article highlights CB's therapeutic potential treatment calls for further investigations into clinical applications to develop safer, more effective options patients. also revealed key such as bilirubin bile acids, proliferation promote apoptosis multiple pathways. Future research should explore integration with existing treatments improve outcomes With multidisciplinary collaboration advanced research, could become a component comprehensive treatment, offering new hope

Language: Английский

---

Roles of anoikis in hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms and therapeutic potential

Medical Oncology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 42(3)

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Language: Английский

---

MEX3A promotes cell proliferation by regulating the RORA/β-catenin pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(4)

Published: March 24, 2025

MEX3A is a member of the human homologous gene MEX-3 family. It has been shown to promote cell proliferation and migration in various cancers, indicating its potential clinical significance. However, role hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unexplored, with limited reports available literature. To investigate expression significance HCC explore tumor progression. We analyzed mRNA adjacent tissues using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). correlation between overall survival (OS) was evaluated. Immunohistochemistry performed on surgical specimens validate association parameters, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) positivity, differentiation size. Additionally, knockdown lines were constructed biological functions MEX3A. Cell assessed counting kit-8 clone formation assays, while cycle progression by flow cytometry. effects Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway examined western blotting immunofluorescence. evaluated scratch Transwell assays. Finally, transcription factor RORA mediating explored silencing analyzing impact protein expression. TCGA analysis revealed that significantly higher compared tissues. Higher associated poorer OS. These findings validated specimens. confirmed elevated showed positive correlations Ki-67 vimentin levels. closely related HBV Mechanistic studies demonstrated inhibited progression, as reduced β-catenin, c-Myc cyclin D1. nuclear entry thereby suppressing activation downstream oncogenic pathways. depletion migratory ability cells, likely through downregulation epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway. Transcription identified mediator effects. Silencing antagonized promotes regulating RORA/β-catenin Our suggest could serve prognostic marker therapeutic target for HCC.

Language: Английский

---

Hepatitis B-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Understanding Viral Carcinogenesis and Disease Management

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 2505 - 2505

Published: April 7, 2025

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of chronic liver disease and cancer worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one the major causes cancer-related mortality globally. Effective prevention management strategies for HBV are crucial in reducing liver-related complications, including HCC. plays distinct role carcinogenesis, there growing knowledge about factors contributing to its oncogenic potential. With advancements HCC management, special attention must be given treatment patients with HBV-induced In this review, we summarize current insights into carcinogenic mechanisms discuss latest approaches managing

Language: Английский

---

Red rice bran polyphenols suppress invasive properties of HepG2 cells, possibly through Wnt/β-catenin-mediated EMT reversal

F1000Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14, P. 407 - 407

Published: April 7, 2025

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most invasive liver cancer, with high incidence rates and resistance to chemotherapy. Polyphenols from red rice bran extract (RRBE) exert diverse anti-cancer effects on certain cancers. This study, for first time, examined suppressive of RRBE proliferation, migration, invasion in HepG2 cells a preliminary investigation into how its inhibitory are linked reversing EMT process via Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Methods The anti-proliferative cytotoxic were determined by resazurin cell viability assay. Its cycle distribution apoptosis induction assessed flow cytometry. ability impede migration was tested using scratch assay transwell An initial study conducted explore link between effect reversal signaling pathway Western blot analysis. flavonoids quantified Folin-Ciocalteu aluminum chloride colorimetric assay, respectively. Results exhibited specific against cancer compared normal BNL CL2 dose- time-dependent manner. caused halt progression at G2/M phase, resulting subsequent variations DNA content. non-toxic doses fully blocked after 24 h exposure as opposed untreated cells. Moreover, E-cadherin protein levels dose-dependently increased 48 exposure, while β-catenin, vimentin, MMP-9 proteins decreased their respective results indicated that RRBE-treated showed transition epithelial characteristics along diminished malignant features. Preliminary findings analysis these suggest may be connected regulating phytochemical revealed contained polyphenols flavonoids. Conclusions Red demonstrated anti-proliferative, anti-migratory, anti-invasive effects, which possibly through Wnt/β-catenin-driven reversal.

Language: Английский

---

The oncogenic role of FOXM1 in hepatocellular carcinoma: molecular mechanisms, clinical significance, and therapeutic potentials

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 23, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Novel GPC3 N-terminal bispecific antibody exhibits dual anti-tumor effect against tumor cells

Investigational New Drugs, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling upregulates aerobic glycolysis in diverse cancer types

Molecular Biology Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 51(1)

Published: July 6, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Calculus bovis in hepatocellular carcinoma: Tumor molecular basis, Wnt/β-catenin pathway role, and protective mechanism

World Journal of Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(35), P. 3959 - 3964

Published: Sept. 12, 2024

In this editorial, we comment on the recent article by Huang

Language: Английский

---