Dysfunctional mitochondria in age-related neurodegeneration: Utility of melatonin as an antioxidant treatment

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 101, P. 102480 - 102480

Published: Sept. 3, 2024

Mitochondria functionally degrade as neurons age. Degenerative changes cause inefficient oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and elevated electron leakage from the transport chain (ETC) promoting increased intramitochondrial generation of damaging reactive oxygen nitrogen species (ROS RNS). The associated progressive accumulation molecular damage causes an increasingly rapid decline in mitochondrial physiology contributing to aging. Melatonin, a multifunctional free radical scavenger indirect antioxidant, is synthesized matrix neurons. Melatonin reduces ETC elevates ATP production; it also detoxifies ROS/RNS via SIRT3/FOXO pathway upregulates activities superoxide dismutase 2 glutathione peroxidase. influences glucose processing by In neurogenerative diseases, often adopt Warburg-type metabolism which excludes pyruvate mitochondria causing reduced acetyl coenzyme A production. Acetyl supports citric acid cycle OXPHOS. Additionally, required co-substrate for arylalkylamine-N-acetyl transferase, rate limits melatonin synthesis; therefore, production diminished cells that experience making more vulnerable stress. Moreover, endogenously produced diminishes during aging, further increasing components. More normal preserved aging with supplementation.

Language: Английский

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Hormonal orchestra: mastering mitochondria's role in health and disease

Endocrine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 86(3), P. 903 - 929

Published: Aug. 22, 2024

Language: Английский

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The Essential Role of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Viral Infections

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(5), P. 1955 - 1955

Published: Feb. 24, 2025

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that play crucial roles in energy production, metabolic balance, calcium homeostasis, apoptosis, and innate immunity, key determinants of cell fate. They also targets for viral invasion the body. Many proteins target mitochondria, controlling mitochondrial morphology, metabolism, immune response, thereby achieving evasion, promoting their proliferation, accelerating infection process. Mitochondrial quality control is to maintaining normal physiological functions homeostasis. Dysregulation dynamics closely related development many diseases. New constantly being discovered. Viruses change by targeting mitochondria achieve a persistent state infection. Currently, understanding during limited. Research on impact provides foundation investigating pathogenesis infections, disease process, identifying potential therapeutic targets. This review focuses connection between priority areas research virus-mediated insight into regulation viruses explores means mitochondrial-mediated treatment

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the interplay between meningitis and mitochondria: Etiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic insights

International Immunopharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 147, P. 113985 - 113985

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Language: Английский

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Melatonin rescues cell respiration impaired by hypoxia/reoxygenation in aortic endothelial cells and affects the mitochondrial bioenergetics targeting the F1FO-ATPase

Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 103605 - 103605

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Melatonin’s Role in Hair Follicle Growth and Development: A Cashmere Goat Perspective

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(7), P. 2844 - 2844

Published: March 21, 2025

Hair follicles, unique skin appendages, undergo cyclic phases (anagen, catagen, telogen) governed by melatonin and associated molecular pathways. Melatonin, synthesized in the pineal gland, skin, gut, orchestrates these cycles through antioxidant activity signaling cascades (e.g., Wnt, BMP). This review examines melatonin’s biosynthesis across tissues, its regulation of cashmere growth patterns, interplay with non-coding RNAs gut–skin axis. Recent advances highlight dual role enhancing capacity (via Keap1-Nrf2) modulating gene expression Wnt10b, CTNNB1) to promote hair follicle proliferation. By integrating multi-omics insights, we construct a network regulatory mechanisms, offering strategies improve yield quality while advancing therapies for human alopecia.

Language: Английский

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Mitochondrial quality control: the real dawn of intervertebral disc degeneration?

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Dec. 20, 2024

Intervertebral disc degeneration is the most common disease in chronic musculoskeletal diseases and main cause of low back pain, which seriously endangers social health level increases people's economic burden. Disc characterized by NP cell apoptosis, extracellular matrix degradation structure changes. It progresses with age under influence mechanical overload, oxidative stress genetics. Mitochondria are not only energy factories cells, but also participate a variety cellular functions such as calcium homeostasis, regulation proliferation, control apoptosis. The mitochondrial quality system involves many mechanisms gene regulation, protein import, mitophagy, dynamics. A large number studies have confirmed that dysfunction key factor pathological mechanism aging intervertebral degeneration, balancing extremely important for delaying treating degeneration. In this paper, we first demonstrate molecular detail describing biogenesis mitophagy. Then, describe ways leads to review current research on targeting mitochondria treatment hoping draw inspiration from provide innovative perspectives

Language: Английский

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Melatonin supplementation attenuates cuproptosis and ferroptosis in aging cumulus and granulosa cells: potential for improving IVF outcomes in advanced maternal age

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Nov. 8, 2024

Advanced maternal age is associated with decreased oocyte quantity and quality in vitro fertilization (IVF) success rates. This study aimed to investigate whether melatonin supplementation can improve IVF outcomes women of advanced by modulating cuproptosis ferroptosis.

Language: Английский

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Protective Activity of Melatonin Combinations and Melatonin‐Based Hybrid Molecules in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Journal of Pineal Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 76(8)

Published: Nov. 25, 2024

ABSTRACT The identification of protective agents for the treatment neurodegenerative diseases is mainstay therapeutic goal to modify disease course and arrest irreversible disability progression. Pharmacological therapies synergistically targeting multiple pathogenic pathways, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, are prime candidates neuroprotection. Combination or synergistic therapy with melatonin, whose decline correlates altered sleep/wake cycle impaired glymphatic “waste clearance” system in diseases, has a great potential treat inflammatory states. Despite outcomes observed preclinical studies, mild poor were clinical settings, suggesting that melatonin combinations promoting actions at appropriate doses might be more suitable multifactorial disorders. In this review, we first summarize key pathways contributing cell protection its implication Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD), sclerosis (MS). We remark major controversies field, mostly generated by lack common consensus optimal dosing, molecular targets, toxicity. Then, review literature investigating efficacy approved investigational neuroprotective melatonin‐containing hybrid molecules, both vitro animal models AD, PD, MS, as well add‐on settings. highlight rationale such focus on comparison single‐agent assays which an additive effect been achieved. conclude better characterization mechanisms underlying under neuroinflammation needs tackled advance successful translation combination melatonin‐based molecules.

Language: Английский

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The potential therapeutic role of melatonin in organ fibrosis: a comprehensive review

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Dec. 13, 2024

Organ fibrosis is a pathological process characterized by the inability of normal tissue cells to regenerate sufficiently meet dynamic repair demands chronic injury, resulting in excessive extracellular matrix deposition and ultimately leading organ dysfunction. Despite increasing depth research field more comprehensive understanding its pathogenesis, effective treatments for fibrosis-related diseases are still lacking. Melatonin, neuroendocrine hormone synthesized pineal gland, plays crucial role regulating biological rhythms, sleep, antioxidant defenses. Recent studies have shown that melatonin may potential inhibiting fibrosis, possibly due functions anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, remodeling (ECM), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), apoptosis, thereby alleviating fibrosis. This review aims explore therapeutic human using findings from various vivo vitro studies. These discoveries should provide important insights further development new drugs treat

Language: Английский

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