AgriScience and Technology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 345 - 353
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
“Candidate
Phyla
Radiation”
(CPR)
bacteria,
representing
~15
%
of
bacterial
diversity
and
over
70
phyla,
are
extremely
small
bacteria
that
primarily
survive
in
parasitic
or
symbiotic
forms.
CPR
including
Candidatus
Brownbacteria,
Hugbacteria,
Saccharibacteria
(formerly
TM7),
were
first
identified
humans
2007.
They
linked
to
the
microbiota
healthy
diseased
individuals,
being
present
oral
cavity,
gastrointestinal,
reproductive
tracts.
such
as
Saccharibacteria,
associated
with
dysbiotic
conditions
like
periodontitis
can
act
pathogens
potential
protectors
against
inflammatory
damage
caused
by
host-associated
bacteria.This
study
aimed
assess
effect
a
placebo
on
gut
Armenian
women
those
Familial
Mediterranean
Fever
(FMF)
disease,
condition
high
prevalence
Armenia
often
disturbances.
Stool
samples
analyzed
using
culture-independent,
high-density
DNA
microarray
method,
statistical
analyses
performed
Multibase
2015
Excel
Add-in
program
(NumericalDynamics,
Tokyo,
Japan).
Results
indicate
respond
variably
depending
health
status,
some
showing
significant
quantitative
qualitative
changes
while
others
remained
unchanged.
In
conclusion,
this
confirms
presence
both
FMF.
The
distinct
responses
intestinal
highlight
importance
placebo-controlled
trials
research.
Furthermore,
findings
emphasize
role
gut-brain
processes
their
implications
disease.
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
44(1)
Published: Oct. 8, 2024
The
increasing
prevalence
of
neurological
disorders
such
as
Alzheimer's,
Parkinson's,
and
multiple
sclerosis
presents
a
significant
global
health
challenge.
Despite
extensive
research,
the
precise
mechanisms
underlying
these
conditions
remain
elusive,
with
current
treatments
primarily
addressing
symptoms
rather
than
root
causes.
Emerging
evidence
suggests
that
gut
permeability
kynurenine
pathway
are
involved
in
pathogenesis
conditions,
offering
promising
targets
for
novel
therapeutic
preventive
strategies.
Gut
refers
to
intestinal
lining's
ability
selectively
allow
essential
nutrients
into
bloodstream
while
blocking
harmful
substances.
Various
factors,
including
poor
diet,
stress,
infections,
genetic
predispositions,
can
compromise
integrity,
leading
increased
permeability.
This
condition
facilitates
translocation
toxins
bacteria
systemic
circulation,
triggering
widespread
inflammation
impacts
via
gut-brain
axis.
axis
(GBA)
is
complex
communication
network
between
central
nervous
system.
Dysbiosis,
an
imbalance
microbiota,
increase
inflammation,
exacerbating
neuroinflammation-a
key
factor
disorders.
pathway,
primary
route
tryptophan
metabolism,
significantly
implicated
this
process.
Dysregulation
context
leads
production
neurotoxic
metabolites,
quinolinic
acid,
which
contribute
neuronal
damage
progression
narrative
review
highlights
potential
progress
understanding
mechanisms.
Interventions
targeting
maintaining
balanced
microbiota
through
probiotics,
lifestyle
modifications
show
promise
reducing
neuroinflammation
supporting
brain
health.
In
addition,
pharmacological
approaches
aimed
at
modulating
directly,
inhibitors
indoleamine
2,3-dioxygenase,
offer
avenues
new
treatments.
Understanding
interconnected
pathways
crucial
developing
effective
strategies
prevent
manage
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(5), P. 2915 - 2915
Published: March 2, 2024
In
the
era
of
a
steadily
increasing
lifespan,
neurodegenerative
diseases
among
elderly
present
significant
therapeutic
and
socio-economic
challenge.
A
properly
balanced
diet
microbiome
diversity
have
been
receiving
attention
as
targets
for
interventions
in
neurodegeneration.
Microbiota
may
affect
cognitive
function,
neuronal
survival
death,
gut
dysbiosis
was
identified
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD).
Tryptophan
(Trp),
an
essential
amino
acid,
is
degraded
by
microbiota
hosts
numerous
compounds
with
immune-
neuromodulating
properties.
This
broad
narrative
review
presents
data
supporting
concept
that
microbiota,
Trp-kynurenine
(KYN)
pathway
aryl
hydrocarbon
receptors
(AhRs)
form
triad
involved
PD.
disturbed
gut–brain
axis
allows
bidirectional
spread
pro-inflammatory
molecules
α-synuclein,
which
contribute
to
development/progression
disease.
We
suggest
peripheral
levels
kynurenines
AhR
ligands
are
strongly
linked
Trp
metabolism
should
be
studied
together
composition
microbiota.
Such
approach
can
clearly
delineate
sub-populations
PD
patients
manifesting
microbiota–Trp-KYN–brain
triad,
who
would
benefit
from
modifications
metabolism.
Analyses
microbiome,
Trp-KYN
metabolites
signaling
shed
light
on
mechanisms
intestinal
distress
identify
new
diagnosis
treatment
early-stage
Therapeutic
based
combination
well-defined
food
regimen,
probiotics
seem
potential
require
further
experimental
clinical
research.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(24), P. 4405 - 4405
Published: Dec. 22, 2024
The
gut–brain
axis
plays
an
integral
role
in
maintaining
overall
health,
with
growing
evidence
suggesting
its
impact
on
the
development
of
various
neuropsychiatric
disorders,
including
depression.
This
review
explores
complex
relationship
between
gut
microbiota
and
glutamate
(Glu)
regulation,
highlighting
effect
brain
particularly
context
depression
following
certain
neurological
insults.
We
discuss
how
microbial
populations
can
either
facilitate
or
limit
Glu
uptake,
influencing
bioavailability
predisposing
to
neuroinflammation
neurotoxicity.
Additionally,
we
examine
metabolites
their
influence
blood–brain
barrier
neurotransmitter
systems
involved
mood
regulation.
therapeutic
potential
microbiome-targeted
interventions,
such
as
fecal
transplantation,
is
also
highlighted.
While
much
research
has
explored
major
depressive
disorders
other
diseases,
contribution
post-neurological
remains
underexplored.
Future
should
focus
explaining
mechanisms
linking
outcomes,
conditions
post-stroke
depression,
post-traumatic
brain-injury
epilepsy-associated
Systematic
reviews
human
clinical
studies
are
needed
establish
causal
relationships
assess
efficacy
therapies
improving
sequalae
after
Clinical Phytoscience,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: March 26, 2025
Abstract
Background
This
study
investigates
the
anticonvulsant
properties
of
Aframomum
melegueta
in
pentylenetetrazole
(PTZ)-induced
kindling
rats,
emphasizing
on
its
effects
gut-brain
axis,
inflammatory
pathways,
and
metabolomic
profiles.
Given
established
links
between
brain
gut
through
bidirectional
communication
their
collective
role
epilepsy
pathophysiology,
this
research
aims
to
explore
therapeutic
potential
ethanolic
extract
(AM)
modulating
these
interactions.
Results
PTZ
(40
mg/kg)
was
given
rats
induce
kindling.
Animals
also,
underwent
chronic
drug
treatments
AM
sodium
valproate
(VPA)
which
were
administered
during
induction
observed
for
stages
seizure
development.
Inflammatory
mediators,
neurotransmitters,
cortisol
concentration
assessed
serum
post-kindling
using
NMR-based
metabolomics
ELISA
assays.
Findings
suggest
that
seizures
less
severe
frequent
treated
rats.
Pretreatment
with
at
doses,
30,
100,
300
mg/kg
delayed
effect
development
(
P
<
0.05).
treatment
also
reversed
neuroinflammatory
changes
by
lowering
p
0.0001)
IL-6
TNF-α
levels.
In
addition,
profiling
affected
neurotransmitter
synthesis
glutamate
as
well
serotonin,
acetate,
propionate
cortisol,
similar
what
VPA
Conclusion
Therefore,
findings
present
may
be
useful
management
influence
brain-gut
axis
suppressing
inflammation
other
metabolic
processes
PTZ-induced
