A Comprehensive Review of Cardiovascular Disease Management: Cardiac Biomarkers, Imaging Modalities, Pharmacotherapy, Surgical Interventions, and Herbal Remedies DOI Creative Commons

Vasudeva Reddy Netala,

Sireesh Kumar Teertam, Huizhen Li

et al.

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(17), P. 1471 - 1471

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to be a major global health concern, representing leading cause of morbidity and mortality. This review provides comprehensive examination CVDs, encompassing their pathophysiology, diagnostic biomarkers, advanced imaging techniques, pharmacological treatments, surgical interventions, the emerging role herbal remedies. The covers various cardiovascular conditions such as coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, peripheral deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, cardiomyopathy, rheumatic heart hypertension, ischemic failure, cerebrovascular diseases, congenital defects. presents wide range cardiac biomarkers troponins, C-reactive protein, CKMB, BNP, NT-proBNP, galectin, adiponectin, IL-6, TNF-α, miRNAs, oxylipins. Advanced molecular including chest X-ray, ECG, ultrasound, CT, SPECT, PET, MRI, have significantly enhanced our ability visualize myocardial perfusion, plaque characterization, function. Various synthetic drugs statins, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, antihypertensives, anticoagulants, antiarrhythmics are fundamental in managing CVDs. Nonetheless, side effects hepatic dysfunction, renal impairment, bleeding risks necessitate careful monitoring personalized treatment strategies. In addition conventional therapies, remedies garnered attention for potential benefits. Plant extracts bioactive compounds, flavonoids, phenolic acids, saponins, alkaloids, offer promising cardioprotective health. underscores value combining traditional modern therapeutic approaches improve outcomes. serves vital resource researchers by integrating broad spectrum information on tools, treatments effects,

Language: Английский

A Comprehensive Review of Cardiovascular Disease Management: Cardiac Biomarkers, Imaging Modalities, Pharmacotherapy, Surgical Interventions, and Herbal Remedies DOI Creative Commons

Vasudeva Reddy Netala,

Sireesh Kumar Teertam, Huizhen Li

et al.

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(17), P. 1471 - 1471

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to be a major global health concern, representing leading cause of morbidity and mortality. This review provides comprehensive examination CVDs, encompassing their pathophysiology, diagnostic biomarkers, advanced imaging techniques, pharmacological treatments, surgical interventions, the emerging role herbal remedies. The covers various cardiovascular conditions such as coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, peripheral deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, cardiomyopathy, rheumatic heart hypertension, ischemic failure, cerebrovascular diseases, congenital defects. presents wide range cardiac biomarkers troponins, C-reactive protein, CKMB, BNP, NT-proBNP, galectin, adiponectin, IL-6, TNF-α, miRNAs, oxylipins. Advanced molecular including chest X-ray, ECG, ultrasound, CT, SPECT, PET, MRI, have significantly enhanced our ability visualize myocardial perfusion, plaque characterization, function. Various synthetic drugs statins, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, antihypertensives, anticoagulants, antiarrhythmics are fundamental in managing CVDs. Nonetheless, side effects hepatic dysfunction, renal impairment, bleeding risks necessitate careful monitoring personalized treatment strategies. In addition conventional therapies, remedies garnered attention for potential benefits. Plant extracts bioactive compounds, flavonoids, phenolic acids, saponins, alkaloids, offer promising cardioprotective health. underscores value combining traditional modern therapeutic approaches improve outcomes. serves vital resource researchers by integrating broad spectrum information on tools, treatments effects,

Language: Английский

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