Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: March 25, 2019
Abstract
Converging
evidence
suggests
bioenergetic
defects
contribute
to
the
pathophysiology
of
schizophrenia
and
may
underlie
cognitive
dysfunction.
The
transport
metabolism
lactate
energetically
couples
astrocytes
neurons
supports
brain
bioenergetics.
We
examined
concentration
in
postmortem
(dorsolateral
prefrontal
cortex)
subjects
with
schizophrenia,
two
animal
models
GluN1
knockdown
mouse
model
mutant
disrupted
1
(DISC1)
model,
as
well
inducible
pluripotent
stem
cells
(iPSCs)
from
a
subject
DISC1
mutation.
found
increased
dorsolateral
cortex
(p
=
0.043,
n
16/group)
frontal
cortical
differentiated
mutation
0.032).
also
decrease
mice
induced
expression
human
specifically
0.049).
These
results
build
upon
body
supporting
dysfunction
changes
are
key
feature
this
often
devastating
severe
mental
illness.
Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
10(12), P. 2232 - 2242
Published: Nov. 24, 2015
Acid-base
homeostasis
and
pH
regulation
are
critical
for
both
normal
physiology
cell
metabolism
function.
The
importance
of
this
is
evidenced
by
a
variety
physiologic
derangements
that
occur
when
plasma
either
high
or
low.
kidneys
have
the
predominant
role
in
regulating
systemic
bicarbonate
concentration
hence,
metabolic
component
acid-base
balance.
This
function
has
two
components:
reabsorption
virtually
all
filtered
HCO3−
production
new
to
replace
consumed
pathologic
acids.
generation
done
net
acid
excretion.
Under
conditions,
approximately
one-third
one-half
excretion
form
titratable
acid.
other
two-thirds
ammonium.
capacity
excrete
ammonium
under
conditions
loads
quantitatively
much
greater
than
increase
Multiple,
often
redundant
pathways
processes
exist
regulate
these
renal
functions.
Derangements
homeostasis,
however,
common
clinical
medicine
can
be
related
systems
involved
transport
kidneys.
Physiological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
99(4), P. 2015 - 2113
Published: Sept. 11, 2019
Na+/H+
exchangers
play
pivotal
roles
in
the
control
of
cell
and
tissue
pH
by
mediating
electroneutral
exchange
Na+
H+
across
cellular
membranes.
They
belong
to
an
ancient
family
highly
evolutionarily
conserved
proteins,
they
essential
physiological
all
phyla.
In
this
review,
we
focus
on
mammalian
(NHEs),
solute
carrier
(SLC)
9
family.
This
transporters
constitutes
three
branches:
SLC9A,
-B,
-C.
Within
these,
each
isoform
exhibits
distinct
expression
profiles,
regulation,
roles.
Some
these
are
studied,
with
hundreds
original
articles,
some
still
only
rudimentarily
understood.
present
discuss
pioneering
work
as
well
current
state-of-the-art
research
NHEs.
We
aim
provide
reader
a
comprehensive
view
core
knowledge
recent
insights
into
member,
from
gene
organization
over
protein
structure
regulation
pathophysiological
Particular
attention
is
given
integrated
physiology
NHEs
main
organ
systems.
several
novel
analyses
useful
overviews,
pinpoint
remaining
enigmas,
which
hope
will
inspire
versatile
proteins.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(17), P. 13398 - 13398
Published: Aug. 29, 2023
Neural
tissue
requires
a
great
metabolic
demand
despite
negligible
intrinsic
energy
stores.
As
result,
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
depends
upon
continuous
influx
of
substrates
from
blood.
Disruption
this
process
can
lead
to
impairment
neurological
functions,
loss
consciousness,
and
coma
within
minutes.
Intricate
neurovascular
networks
permit
both
spatially
temporally
appropriate
substrate
delivery.
Lactate
is
end
product
anaerobic
or
aerobic
glycolysis,
converted
pyruvate
by
lactate
dehydrogenase-5
(LDH-5).
Although
abundant
in
brain,
it
was
traditionally
considered
byproduct
waste
glycolysis.
However,
recent
evidence
indicates
may
be
an
important
source
as
well
signaling
molecule
for
brain
astrocytes—the
most
glial
cell—playing
crucial
role
delivery,
storage,
production,
utilization.
The
astrocyte–neuron
lactate-shuttle
hypothesis
states
that
lactate,
once
released
into
extracellular
space
astrocytes,
up-taken
metabolized
neurons.
This
review
focuses
on
hypothesis,
highlighting
lactate’s
emerging
with
particular
emphasis
its
during
development,
synaptic
plasticity,
angiogenesis,
disease.
The European Physical Journal C,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
78(9)
Published: Sept. 1, 2018
The
current
status
of
our
knowledge
the
3-neutrino
mixing
parameters
and
CP
violation
in
lepton
sector
is
summarised.
non-Abelian
discrete
symmetry
approach
to
understanding
observed
pattern
neutrino
related
predictions
for
angles
leptonic
Dirac
are
reviewed.
Possible
tests
these
using
existing
data
on
as
well
prospective
from
future
oscillation
experiments
(T2K,
NO
$$\nu
$$
A,
Daya
Bay,
T2HK,
T2HKK,
DUNE)
also
discussed.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
114(41)
Published: Sept. 26, 2017
Significance
The
control
of
intracellular
Cl
−
and
pH
plays
a
crucial
role
in
several
neuronal
functions,
the
study
these
processes
would
be
helped
by
tools
for
their
noninvasive
optical
measurement
vivo.
In
this
study,
we
have
performed
combined
measurements
individual
pyramidal
neurons
means
vivo
two-photon
imaging,
provide
direct
experimental
demonstration
presence
postnatal
developmental
shift
to
lower
intraneuronal
.
Moreover,
introduce
an
approach
dynamic
simultaneous
monitoring
These
methods
will
open
window
roles
signaling,
plasticity,
disease.
Journal of Experimental Biology,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
220(12), P. 2136 - 2148
Published: June 14, 2017
ABSTRACT
Experimental
exposure
to
ocean
and
freshwater
acidification
affects
the
behaviour
of
multiple
aquatic
organisms
in
laboratory
tests.
One
proposed
cause
involves
an
imbalance
plasma
chloride
bicarbonate
ion
concentrations
as
a
result
acid–base
regulation,
causing
reversal
ionic
fluxes
through
GABAA
receptors,
which
leads
altered
neuronal
function.
This
model
is
exclusively
based
on
differential
effects
receptor
antagonist
gabazine
control
animals
those
exposed
elevated
CO2.
However,
direct
measurements
actual
neurons
their
extracellular
fluids
properties
are
largely
lacking.
Similarly,
very
little
known
about
potential
compensatory
mechanisms,
alternative
mechanisms
that
might
lead
acidification-induced
behavioural
changes.
article
reviews
current
knowledge
physiology,
neurobiology,
pharmacology
relation
marine
CO2-induced
acidification,
identifies
important
topics
for
future
research
will
help
us
understand
predicted
levels
organisms.
