Non-Conventional Risk Factors: “Fact” or “Fake” in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention?

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 2353 - 2353

Published: Aug. 23, 2023

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as arterial hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, etc., still represent the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. They significantly modify patients’ quality life with a tremendous economic impact. It is well established that cardiovascular risk factors increase probability fatal non-fatal cardiac events. These are classified into modifiable (smoking, hypercholesterolemia, low HDL cholesterol, diabetes, excessive alcohol consumption, high-fat high-calorie diet, reduced physical activity) non-modifiable (sex, age, family history, previous disease). Hence, CVD prevention based on early identification management whose impact CV outcome now performed by use assessment models, Framingham Risk Score, Pooled Cohort Equations, or SCORE2. However, in recent years, emerging, non-traditional (metabolic non-metabolic) seem to affect this assessment. In article, we aim at defining these emerging describe potential mechanisms which they might contribute development CVD.

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the relationship among insulin resistance, IGF-1, and amyloid-beta 1–40: Is the definition of type 3 diabetes applicable in the cardiovascular field?

Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 352, P. 122911 - 122911

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Impacts of MicroRNA-483 on Human Diseases

Non-Coding RNA, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. 37 - 37

Published: June 28, 2023

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by targeting specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in distinct cell types. This review provides a com-prehensive overview of the current understanding regarding involvement miR-483-5p and miR-483-3p various physiological pathological processes. Downregulation has been linked to numerous diseases, including type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, diabetic nephropathy, neurological injury. Accumulating evidence indicates plays crucial protective role preserving function viability transcripts. Notably, elevated levels bloodstream strongly correlate with metabolic risk factors serve as promising diagnostic markers. Consequently, represents an appealing biomarker for predicting developing diabetes cardiovascular diseases holds potential therapeutic target intervention strategies. Conversely, exhibits significant upregulation shown induce cellular apoptosis lipotoxicity across However, some discrepancies its precise have reported, underscoring need further investigation this area.

Language: Английский

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N-acetylcysteine alleviates oxidative stress and apoptosis and prevents skeletal muscle atrophy in type 1 diabetes mellitus through the NRF2/HO-1 pathway

Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 329, P. 121975 - 121975

Published: July 24, 2023

Language: Английский

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Early Post-natal Methionine Supplementation in Ewe Lambs: Long-Term Effects on Feed Efficiency, Milk Yield and Fatty Acid Profile, Metabolism, Gut Microbiome, and Epigenetic Regulation

Animal Feed Science and Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 116245 - 116245

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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High-Intensity Interval Training Alleviates Ethanol-Induced Renal Damage: A Study on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Histopathological Changes in Rats

Drug and Alcohol Dependence Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14, P. 100320 - 100320

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

This study examines if high-intensity interval training (HIIT) can reduce ethanol-induced kidney damage by modulating cytokines and reducing oxidative stress. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 6): CON (saline control), ET (ethanol; 3 mg/kg of 20 % ethanol gavage), HIIT (8 weeks HIIT), HIIT-SL + HIIT-ET (ethanol HIIT). Kidney tissues collected for biochemical analysis cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10); stress markers, malondialdehyde (MDA); antioxidants, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD). Histopathology serum levels albumin, urea, creatinine evaluated. Statistical significance was assessed using GraphPad Prism (p < 0.05). Chronic consumption increased pro-inflammatory TNF-α IL-6 0.0001) decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10 0.0001). revealed tubular necrosis, hyaline casts. reduced while increasing 0.0001), showing an effect. The group had fewer casts less compared the group, although hyperemia persisted. improved (TAC, GPx, SOD) (MDA) Serum urea higher in but lower group; albumin with HIIT. shows effectively reduces ET-induced decreasing inflammation, suggesting it as a promising non-drug approach manage ET-related renal issues.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of Endurance and Resistance Exercise in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 151731 - 151731

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Association Between Health Belief Model Components and Self-Care Practices Among Black/African American Men with Type 2 Diabetes

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(3), P. 414 - 414

Published: March 12, 2025

This study investigates the impact of Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs on self-care behaviors among Black/African American men with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). A cross-sectional survey was conducted from February to June 2024, involving 1225 aged 21 years or older who self-reported a T2D diagnosis. The included HBM constructs, and measured using established scales. Statistical analyses, including multiple linear regression, were performed assess relationships between components practices, adjusted by demographic factors such as age, education, income. found that self-efficacy strongest predictor across all domains (β = 0.055, p < 0.001). Perceived susceptibility positively associated healthful eating 0.042, 0.038), glucose monitoring 0.117, 0.001), foot care 0.140, severity linked diet adherence 0.015, 0.001) 0.028, barriers negatively -0.047, However, perceived benefits did not significantly overall 0.001, 0.893). Self-efficacy, susceptibility, significant predictors T2D. In particular, interventions aimed at enhancing self-efficacy, addressing barriers, promoting awareness diabetes risks may improve management in this population.

Language: Английский

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Independent and combined effects of calorie restriction and AICAR on glucose uptake and insulin signaling in skeletal muscles from 24-month-old female and male rats

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 49(5), P. 614 - 625

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

We assessed the effects of two levels calorie restriction (CR; eating either 15% or 35% less than ad libitum, AL, food intake for 8 weeks) by 24-month-old female and male rats on glucose uptake (GU) phosphorylation key signaling proteins (Akt; AMP-activated protein kinase, AMPK; Akt substrate 160 kDa, AS160) measured in isolated skeletal muscles that underwent four incubation conditions (without insulin AICAR, an AMPK activator; with AICAR alone; AICAR). Regardless sex: (1) neither CR group versus AL had greater GU insulin-stimulated muscles; (2) was increased rats; (3) prior treatment muscle resulted muscles, regardless diet; (4) caused elevated acetyl CoA carboxylase, indicator activation, all diet groups. There a sexually dimorphic effect AS160 phosphorylation, exceeding rats, but not rats. Our working hypothesis is lack CR-effect related to extended duration ex vivo period (290 min compared 40-50 previously reported be effective). The observed efficacy improve supports strategy targeting goal improving sensitivity older females males.

Language: Английский

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Alterations in Skeletal Muscle Insulin Signaling DNA Methylation: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of Olanzapine in Healthy Volunteers

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 1057 - 1057

Published: May 10, 2024

Antipsychotics are associated with severe metabolic side effects including insulin resistance; however, the mechanisms underlying this effect not fully understood. The skeletal muscle plays a critical role in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, and changes DNA methylation by antipsychotics may play development of resistance. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial olanzapine was performed healthy volunteers. Twelve volunteers were randomized to receive 10 mg/day for 7 days. Participants underwent biopsies analyze using candidate gene approach signaling pathway. Ninety-seven sites statistically significant (false discovery rate < 0.05 beta difference between groups ≥10%). Fifty-five had increased olanzapine-treated participants while 42 decreased. largest change occurred at site Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-Alpha (PPARGC1A) gene, which 52% lower group. Antipsychotic treatment causes Future work will need expand on these findings expression analyses.

Language: Английский

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