From plant immunity to crop disease resistance

Journal of genetics and genomics/Journal of Genetics and Genomics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 49(8), P. 693 - 703

Published: June 18, 2022

Plant diseases caused by diverse pathogens lead to a serious reduction in crop yield and threaten food security worldwide. Genetic improvement of plant immunity is considered as the most effective sustainable approach control diseases. In last decade, our understanding at both molecular genomic levels has improved greatly. Combined with advances biotechnologies, particularly clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9-based genome editing, we can now rapidly identify new resistance genes engineer disease-resistance plants like never before. this review, summarize current knowledge outline existing strategies for disease plants. We also discuss challenges field suggest directions future studies.

Language: Английский

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Green Revolution to Gene Revolution: Technological Advances in Agriculture to Feed the World

Plants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 1297 - 1297

Published: May 12, 2022

Technological applications in agriculture have evolved substantially to increase crop yields and quality meet global food demand. Conventional techniques, such as seed saving, selective breeding, mutation breeding (variation breeding), dramatically increased production, especially during the 'Green Revolution' 1990s. However, newer issues, limited arable lands, climate change, ever-increasing demand, pose challenges agricultural production threaten security. In following 'Gene era, rapid innovations biotechnology field provide alternative strategies further improve yield, quality, resilience towards biotic abiotic stresses. These include introduction of DNA recombinant technology genome editing transcription activator-like effector (TALEN), zinc-finger nucleases (ZFN), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated (CRISPR/Cas) systems. acceptance future these modern tools rely on regulatory frameworks governing their development various countries. Herein, we examine evolution technological agriculture, focusing motivations for introduction, technical challenges, possible benefits concerns, genetically engineered product production.

Language: Английский

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Advancement in the Breeding, Biotechnological and Genomic Tools towards Development of Durable Genetic Resistance against the Rice Blast Disease

Plants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(18), P. 2386 - 2386

Published: Sept. 13, 2022

Rice production needs to be sustained in the coming decades, as changeable climatic conditions are becoming more conducive disease outbreaks. The majority of rice diseases cause enormous economic damage and yield instability. Among them, blast caused by Magnaportheoryzae is a serious fungal considered one major threats world production. This pathogen can infect above-ground tissues plants at any growth stage causes complete crop failure under favorable conditions. Therefore, management essentially required sustain global food When looking drawback chemical strategy, development durable, resistant varieties most sustainable, economic, environment-friendly approaches counter outbreaks blasts. Interestingly, several blast-resistant cultivars have been developed with help breeding biotechnological methods. In addition, 146 R genes identified, 37 among them molecularly characterized date. Further, than 500 loci identified for resistance which enhances resources developing through marker-assisted selection (MAS), backcross (MABB), genome editing tools. Apart from these, better understanding pathogens, infection process pathogen, genetics immune response host plant very important effective disease. high throughput phenotyping screening protocols played significant roles easy comprehension mechanism spread. present review critically emphasizes pathogenesis, pathogenomics, techniques, traditional molecular approaches, transgenic tools develop broad spectrum durable against rice. updated comprehensive information presented this would definitely helpful researchers, breeders, students planning execution program pathogen.

Language: Английский

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Assessing the genetic diversity of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] germplasm collections using phenotypic traits and SNP markers

BMC Genomic Data, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Sept. 18, 2020

Abstract Background Productivity of cowpea [ Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp ] in sub-Sahara Africa is curtailed by a lack farmer-preferred and improved cultivars modern production technologies. The objectives the study were to determine extent genetic diversity present among collection accessions from Zambia Malawi using phenotypic traits single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and, select distinct complementary parental lines for cultivar development. One hundred genotypes evaluated agronomic two selected sites Zambia, 10 × alpha lattice design with replications. Ninety-four test profiled 14,116 SNP markers. Results Number pods plant − 1 (NPP), pod length (PDL), number seeds (NSP), significantly ( p < 0.05) affected genotype environment interaction effects. Genotypes such as CP411, CP421, CP645, CP732, Chimponongo, MS1–8–1-4 exhibited higher grain yield > 1200 kg/ha excellent performance components NSP, PDL, HSW GYD. Grain had significant associations NPP r = 0.50), NSP 0.46) PDL 0.42) useful simultaneous selection improvement cowpea. revealed gene polymorphic information content 0.22 0.17, respectively, showing that tested genetically diverse. Test classified into four groups irrespective source allowing subsequent crosses develop breeding populations Conclusions Bubebe, Chimponogo identified be most divergent high yielding making them ideal breeding. This provided baseline promising resources effective systematic conservation.

Language: Английский

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Gamma radiation: A potential tool for abiotic stress mitigation and management of agroecosystem

Plant Stress, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 5, P. 100089 - 100089

Published: April 16, 2022

Being sessile, it is impossible for the plants to evade from unfavourable environmental conditions prevailing due various abiotic stresses like heat, salinity, drought, flood, heavy metals, and high radiance amongst many others. These disrupt plant growth limit crop productivity a large extent globally. Crop need acclimatize themselves in these unsuitable edaphic utilizing their inherent biological mechanisms. Massive amount of pertinent researches have been done last few decades regarding utilization gamma rays improvement traits, management agroecosystem by developing superior quality crops/ germplasms. It has well established that promotes stress tolerance at low doses (50–100 Gy). Gamma are also being widely used as mutation techniques an attempt raise and, disease resistant varieties. Furthermore, better understanding mechanisms induced will help improving under conditions. However, potential involved this still indefinable. This review illustrates general information about ray, its dose dependant responses; beneficial effects lethality, mechanism(s) underlying induction performance enhancement growing To elucidate role tool mitigation agroecosystem. quite differently researchers alleviation imposed responses plants. Application radiation popularly noticed enhance nutrient uptake, modulate biosyntheses numerous secondary key metabolites osmolytes, regulate metabolic activities engender against stresses. In most developed nations, owing limited development agro-management systems, seen cause threats crops. Therefore, essentially explore novel cost effective possibilities use during rapidly changing climatic

Language: Английский

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A Review of Integrative Omic Approaches for Understanding Rice Salt Response Mechanisms

Plants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(11), P. 1430 - 1430

Published: May 27, 2022

Soil salinity is one of the most serious environmental challenges, posing a growing threat to agriculture across world. has significant impact on rice growth, development, and production. Hence, improving varieties’ resistance salt stress viable solution for meeting global food demand. Adaptation multifaceted process that involves interacting physiological traits, biochemical or metabolic pathways, molecular mechanisms. The integration multi-omics approaches contributes better understanding mechanisms as well improvement salt-resistant tolerant varieties. Firstly, we present thorough review current knowledge about effects behind tolerance signalling. This focuses use improve next-generation breeding tolerance, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics phenomics. Integrating data effectively critical gaining more comprehensive in-depth enzyme activity networks genes controlling in rice. key mining strategies within artificial intelligence analyse big complex sets will allow accurate prediction outcomes modernise traditional programmes also expedite precision such genetic engineering genome editing.

Language: Английский

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Conventional and new-breeding technologies for improving disease resistance in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik)

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 20, 2023

Lentil, an important cool season food legume, is a rich source of easily digestible protein, folic acid, bio-available iron, and zinc nutrients. Lentil grows mainly as sole crop in the winter after harvesting rice South Asia. However, annual productivity low due to its slow growth during early phase, competitive weed infestation, disease outbreaks period. Disease resistance breeding has been practiced for long time enhance various diseases. Often sources are available wild relatives. Thus, wide hybridization ovule rescue technique have helped introgress trait into cultivated lentils. Besides hybridization, induced mutagenesis contributed immensely creating variability tolerance, several disease-resistant mutant lines developed. overcome limitations traditional approaches, advancement molecular marker technologies, genomics develop climate-resilient lentil varieties with more precision efficiency. This review describes types diseases, screening methods, role conventional new technologies alleviating disease-incurred damage progress toward making resilient under shadow climate change.

Language: Английский

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Omics-driven exploration and mining of key functional genes for the improvement of food and fiber crops

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

The deployment of omics technologies has obtained an incredible boost over the past few decades with advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, innovative bioinformatics tools, and deluge available biological information. major limelight are genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, phenomics. These biotechnological have modernized crop breeding opened new horizons for developing varieties improved traits. genomes several species sequenced, a huge number genes associated crucial economic traits been identified. identified not only provide insights into understanding regulatory mechanisms but also decipher practical grounds to assist molecular crops. This review discusses potential acquisition information mining important agronomic food fiber crops, such as wheat, rice, maize, potato, tomato, cassava, cotton. Different functional genomics approaches validation these highlighted. Furthermore, list discovered by employing is being represented targets genetic modifications latest genome engineering methods development climate-resilient crops that would turn great impetus secure global security.

Language: Английский

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Induced genetic diversity through mutagenesis in wheat gene pool and significant use of SCoT markers to underpin key agronomic traits

BMC Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: July 15, 2024

This research explores the efficacy of mutagenesis, specifically using sodium azide (SA) and hydrazine hydrate (HZ) treatments, to introduce genetic diversity enhance traits in three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes. The experiment entails subjecting seeds different doses SA HZ cultivating them field for two consecutive generations: M1 (first generation) M2 (second generation). We then employed selective breeding techniques with Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) markers select within gene pool. Also, correlation between SCoT specific agronomic provides insights into mechanisms underlying mutagenesis-induced changes wheat.

Language: Английский

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Exploiting Genic Male Sterility in Rice: From Molecular Dissection to Breeding Applications

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 2, 2021

Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) occupies a very salient and indispensable status among cereal crops, as its vast production is used to feed nearly half of the world’s population. Male sterile plants are fundamental breeding materials needed for specific propagation in order meet elevated current food demands. The development rice varieties with desired traits has become ultimate need time. Genic male sterility predominant system that vastly deployed exploited crop improvement. Hence, identification new genetic elements cognizance underlying regulatory networks affecting crucial harness heterosis ensure global security. Over years, variety genomics studies have uncovered numerous mechanisms regulating rice, which provided deeper wider understanding on complex molecular basis anther pollen development. recent advances emergence multiple biotechnological methods revolutionized field breeding. In this review, we briefly documented evolution, exploration, exploitation genic improvement production. Furthermore, review describes future perspectives focus state-of-the-art developments engineering overcome issues associated sterility-mediated address challenges. Finally, provide our diversified regarding characterization genes, biotechnology-based systems, their integrated applications hybrid

Language: Английский

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