Genomic basis of parallel adaptation varies with divergence in Arabidopsis and its relatives

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(21)

Published: May 17, 2021

Parallel adaptation provides valuable insight into the predictability of evolutionary change through replicated natural experiments. A steadily increasing number studies have demonstrated genomic parallelism, yet magnitude this parallelism varies depending on whether populations, species, or genera are compared. This led us to hypothesize that scales with genetic divergence between lineages, but is case and underlying processes remain unknown. Here, we resequenced seven parallel lineages two

Language: Английский

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Replicated Evolution in Plants

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 74(1), P. 697 - 725

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

Similar traits and functions commonly evolve in nature. Here, we explore patterns of replicated evolution across the plant kingdom discuss processes responsible for such patterns. We begin this review by defining theoretical, genetic, ecological concepts that help explain it. then focus our attention on empirical cases at phenotypic genotypic levels. find replication ecotype level is common, but evidence repeated speciation surprisingly sparse. On other hand, strategies physiological mechanisms similar biomes appears to be pervasive. conclude highlighting where future efforts can us bridge understanding different levels biological organization. Earth's landscape diverse also repeats itself. Organisms seem have followed suit.

Language: Английский

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Pollination ecotypes and the origin of plant species

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 292(2039)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Ecological niche shifts are a key driver of phenotypic divergence and contribute to isolating barriers among lineages. For many groups organisms, the history these associated trait–environment correlations well-documented at macroevolutionary level. However, processes that generate patterns initiated below species level, often by formation ecotypes in contrasting environments. Here, I review evidence plants for ‘pollination ecotypes’ as microevolutionary responses environmental gradients pollinator availability. Pollinators critical population establishment persistence most species, thereby forming part their fundamental niche. Novel floral trait combinations allow exploit particular pollination opportunities local habitats evolve primarily through sexual selection due effects on mating success. examine selected case studies evolution ecotypes, including self-pollinating forms, use illustrate challenging practical conceptual issues. These issues include paucity reliable natural data, problem implementing interpreting reciprocal translocation experiments, establishing criteria when allopatric should be considered species.

Language: Английский

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Transcriptional activity of transposable elements along an elevational gradient in Arabidopsis arenosa

Mobile DNA, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Feb. 27, 2021

Abstract Background Plant genomes can respond rapidly to environmental changes and transposable elements (TEs) arise as important drivers contributing genome dynamics. Although some were reported be induced by various abiotic or biotic factors, there is a lack of general understanding on how environment influences the activity diversity TEs. Here, we combined common garden experiment with short-read sequencing investigate genomic abundance expression 2245 consensus TE sequences (containing retrotransposons DNA transposons) in an alpine Arabidopsis arenosa . To disentangle trends from local differentiation, leveraged four foothill-alpine population pairs different mountain regions. Seeds each eight populations raised under treatments that differed temperature irradiance, two factors varying elevation. RNA-seq analysis was performed leaves young plants test for effect elevation subsequently irradiance sequences. Results Genomic varied greatly between regions line neutral divergence among regions, representing distinct genetic lineages A. Accounting intraspecific variation abundance, found consistent transcriptomic response across suggesting parallelism expression. In particular retrotransposon LTR Copia (e.g. Ivana Ale clades) Gypsy Athila CRM but also non-LTR LINE transposon TIR MuDR consistently origin. responding specifically belonged same classes well additional clades containing potentially stress-responsive Sire Tar, Reina). Conclusions Our study demonstrated harbours considerable whose varies its native range. Some may contain transcriptionally active natural gradient. This further contribute ultimately provide new regulatory mechanisms face challenges.

Language: Английский

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Phenotypic and genotypic parallel evolution in parapatric ecotypes ofSenecio

Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 75(12), P. 3115 - 3131

Published: Oct. 23, 2021

The independent and repeated adaptation of populations to similar environments often results in the evolution forms. This phenomenon creates a strong correlation between phenotype environment is referred as parallel evolution. However, we are still largely unaware dynamics evolution, well interplay genotype within natural systems. Here, examined phenotypic genotypic multiple parapatric Dune-Headland coastal ecotypes an Australian wildflower, Senecio lautus. We observed clear trait-environment association system, with all replicate having evolved along same evolutionary trajectory. Similar phenotypes have arisen via mutational changes occurring different genes, although many share biological functions. Our shed light on how replicated manifests at levels populations, highlight S. lautus one most striking cases nature.

Language: Английский

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Replicated radiation of a plant clade along a cloud forest archipelago

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(9), P. 1318 - 1329

Published: July 18, 2022

Language: Английский

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Parallel Alpine Differentiation in Arabidopsis arenosa

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Dec. 8, 2020

Parallel evolution provides powerful natural experiments for studying repeatability of and genomic basis adaptation. Well-documented examples from plants are, however, still rare, as are inquiries mechanisms driving convergence in some traits while divergence others. Arabidopsis arenosa , a predominantly foothill species with scattered morphologically distinct alpine occurrences is promising candidate. Yet, the hypothesis parallelism remained untested. We sampled populations all regions known to harbor ecotype used SNP genotyping test repeated colonization. Then, we combined field surveys common garden experiment quantify phenotypic parallelism. Genetic clustering by region but not elevation coalescent simulations demonstrated parallel origin four mountain regions. Alpine exhibited height floral which persisted after two generations cultivation. In contrast, leaf were distinctive only certain region(s), reflecting mixture plasticity genetically determined non-parallelism. demonstrate varying degrees causes non-parallelism across within plant species. along sharp gradient makes A. candidate

Language: Английский

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Repeated colonisation of alpine habitats by Arabidopsis arenosa involved parallel adjustments of leaf cuticle traits

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 17, 2025

Summary Cuticle function can be pivotal to plant success in different environments. Yet, the occurrence of intraspecific adjustments cuticle traits resulting from acclimation or adaptation habitats remains poorly understood. Here, we used genetically well‐characterised populations Arabidopsis arenosa investigate whether were adjusted as part parallel evolution a foothill an alpine ecotype. Six and six populations, representing at least three independent evolutionary origins ecotype, reciprocal transplantation experiments, eco‐physiological, biochemical structural levels. The genetic basis behind these was assessed by combining selection scans differential gene expression analysis. Overall, showed reduced cuticular transpiration conjunction with consistently altered wax composition, higher accumulation two fatty alcohols iso‐alkanes. Genomic analysis unravelled nine genes associated metabolism showing allelic differentiation compared lowland populations. In silico revealed differences between ecotypes for several related metabolism. Repeated ecotypic together architecture ecotype points adaptive value colonisation habitats.

Language: Английский

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The importance of considering the evolutionary history of polyploids when assessing climatic niche evolution

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 50(1), P. 86 - 100

Published: Oct. 10, 2022

Abstract Aim Although whole‐genome duplication (WGD) is an important speciation force, we still lack a consensus on the role of niche differentiation in polyploid evolution. In addition, genome doubling per se vs. later divergence evolution remains obscure. One reason for this might be that intraspecific genetic structure complexes and interploidy gene flow often neglected ecological studies. Here, aim to investigate which extent these evolutionary processes impact our inference autopolyploids. Location Europe. Taxon Arabidopsis arenosa (Brassicaceae). Methods Leveraging total 352 cytotyped populations diploid‐autotetraploid A. , examined differences among climatic niches diploid tetraploid lineages both globally, independently each lineage with respect its closest relative. Then, tested whether there was effect additional introgression from other sympatric but ancestrally divergent tetraploids. Results Ecological shift tetraploids only detected when assignment considered. We found different patterns (i.e. conservatism, contraction or expansion) compared relatives. observed ruderal . Main conclusions The not driven by WGD rather reflects dynamic post‐WGD species, involving migration out their ancestral area lineages. Our study supports following WGD—which usually remain undetected studies neglecting history polyploids—may play key adaptation polyploids challenging environments.

Language: Английский

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Polygenic routes lead to parallel altitudinal adaptation in Heliosperma pusillum (Caryophyllaceae)

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(8), P. 1832 - 1847

Published: Feb. 13, 2022

Abstract Understanding how organisms adapt to the environment is a major goal of modern biology. Parallel evolution—the independent evolution similar phenotypes in different populations—provides powerful framework investigate evolutionary potential populations, constraints evolution, its repeatability and therefore predictability. Here, we quantified degree gene expression functional parallelism across replicated ecotype formation Heliosperma pusillum (Caryophyllaceae), gained insights into architecture adaptive traits. Population structure analyses demographic modelling support previously formulated hypothesis parallel polytopic divergence montane alpine ecotypes. We detect large proportion differentially expressed genes (DEGs) underlying within each replicate pair, with strikingly low number shared DEGs pairs. Functional enrichment reveals that traits affected by significant are largely consistent pairs, strong contrast nonshared genetic basis. The remarkable redundancy differential indicates polygenic for diverged conclude appear key opening multiple routes adaptation, widening organisms.

Language: Английский

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