The genus Chrysanthemum: Phylogeny, biodiversity, phytometabolites, and chemodiversity

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Aug. 11, 2022

The ecologically and economically important genus Chrysanthemum contains around 40 species many hybrids cultivars. dried capitulum of morifolium (CM) Ramat. Tzvel, i.e., Flos Chrysanthemi , is frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) folk for at least 2,200 years. It has also been a popular tea beverage about 2,000 years since Han Dynasty China. However, the origin different cultivars CM phylogenetic relationship between related Asteraceae genera are still elusive, there lack comprehensive review association biodiversity chemodiversity . This article aims to provide synthetic summary phylogeny, biodiversity, phytometabolites taxonomic groups, focusing on its wild relatives. Based extensive literature light medicinal value chrysanthemum, we give some suggestions with genera/species future applications. Mining from containing subtribe Artemisiinae, as well mining therapeutic efficacy other utilities chemodiversity/biodiversity, closely sustainable conservation utilization Artemisiinae resources. There were eight main Hangju, Boju, Gongju, Chuju, Huaiju, Jiju, Chuanju Qiju, which differ geographical origins processing methods. Different originated various hybridizations multiple species. They mainly contained volatile oils, triterpenes, flavonoids, phenolic acids, polysaccharides, amino acids phytometabolites, have activities antimicrobial, anti-viral, antioxidant, anti-aging, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, groups could be useful food, tea. Despite progresses, genetic/chemical relationships among varieties, relevant yet clarified; therefore, roles pharmacophylogeny omics technology highlighted.

Language: Английский

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Divergence of 10 satellite repeats in Artemisia (Asteraceae: Anthemideae) based on sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis: evidence for species identification and evolution

Chromosome Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 32(2)

Published: March 19, 2024

Language: Английский

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Co‐option of a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase gene (CCD4a) into the floral symmetry gene regulatory network contributes to the polymorphic floral shape–color combinations in Chrysanthemum sensu lato

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 236(3), P. 1197 - 1211

Published: June 20, 2022

Morphological novelties, including formation of trait combinations, may result from de novo gene origination and/or co-option existing genes into other developmental contexts. A variety shape-color combinations capitular florets occur in Chrysanthemum and its allies. We hypothesized that a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase the floral symmetry network would generate white zygomorphic ray floret. tested this hypothesis an evolutionary context using species sensu lato, monophyletic group with diverse based on morphological investigation, interspecific crossing, molecular interaction transgenic experiments. Our results showed color was significantly associated floret zygomorphy. Specific expression CCD4a marginal resulted color. Crossing experiments between lavandulifolium Ajania pacifica indicated is trans-regulated. The regulator CYC2g can activate dependence TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING (TCP) binding element 8 promoter. Based all experimental findings, we propose degradation regulation, subsequent dysfunction or loss either CCD4a, have led to evolution patterning lato.

Language: Английский

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Pollen morphology and variability among Indian cultivars of Chrysanthemum morifolium and comparative analysis with genera of the Asteraceae family

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 27, 2024

Language: Английский

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Identification and expression responses of TCP gene family in Opisthopappus taihangensis under abiotic stress

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 6, 2025

The TCP gene family plays pivotal roles in the development and abiotic stress responses of plants; however, no data has been provided for this Opisthopappus taihangensis. Based on O. taihangensis genome, 14 genes were identified divided into two classes (I II). After tandem segmental duplication/whole-genome duplication (WGD), more loss less gain events OtTCPs occurred, which might be related with underwent purifying selection during evolution. conserved motifs structures OtTCP contained light response, growth development, hormone stress-related cis-acting elements. Different genes, even duplicated pairs, could expressed different tissues, implied that had diverse function. Among OtTCPs, OtTCP4, 9 11 CYC clade (Class II) presented a relative wide expression pattern or one intron. three regarded as important candidate factors growth, response. These results some clues references further in-depth exploration resistance mechanisms, well those other unique eco-environment plants.

Language: Английский

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Multiple molecular data provide new insights into phylogeny and historical biogeography of East Asian Artemisia L. (Asteraceae)

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 7, 2025

Abstract Artemisia L. is one of the most diverse genera in Asteraceae, widely used agriculture and medicine, with a giant range complicated taxa. The task establishing phylogeny difficulties owing to highly similar morphological characters. East Asia, biodiversity hotspot major usage area for Artemisia, has received limited attention. Here, we collected 71 species (two subspecies, 94 samples) its allies from Asia neighbouring regions, combined public databases, ensuring representation all Asian subgenera. historical biogeography were reconstructed using plastome, nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA), single nucleotide polymorphism data obtained by genome skimming technology. Under phylogenetic framework, inferred introgression, divergence, biogeography. We reveal strong nucleoplasmic conflicts allies, Past classifications could not classify subgenera under as monophyletic. was probably diversified situ Early Oligocene influences climatic oscillations geographic activities. A. pectinate, palustris, keiskeana, hedinii appeared belong early divergent lineages modern Artemisia. These findings provide new insights into evolution

Language: Английский

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Hybridization ddRAD‐sequencing and phenotypic analysis clarify the phylogeographic structure and evolution of an alpine Chrysanthemum species with a sky island distribution

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 7, 2025

The phylogeographic structure of a species is the result historical intraspecific differentiation and influences pace trajectory speciation. Therefore, study mechanisms underlying its formation can shed light on evolutionary history speciation species, as well enhance our understanding generation maintenance diversity. Chrysanthemum hypargyrum an alpine endemic to central China. It restrictively distributed three isolated mountain ranges, populations exhibit sky island distribution some morphological variation different environments. In this study, we investigated morphogenetic divergence, structure, through hybridization ddRAD-sequencing, phenotypic analysis, modeling. Our results indicate that C. originated in Daba Mountains has since diverged into lineages. are mainly attributed geographic isolation, founder effect Quaternary climate oscillations range expanded. divergence major lineages coincided with Pliocene uplifts Pleistocene climatic fluctuations. current also promoted diversification hypargyrum.

Language: Английский

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Cytogenetic diversity of the diploid Korean wild Chrysanthemum (Asteraceae) inferred from genome size variations and chromosomal distributions of 5 S and 18 S rDNAs

BMC Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: April 21, 2025

The genus Chrysanthemum (Asteraceae) consists of a series polyploids, ranging from diploid (2x) to decaploid (10x), with basic chromosome number x = 9. They vary widely within and among species owing natural hybridization polyploidization in habitats, this has made recognizing the taxonomic boundaries them difficult. Karyotype analysis been played powerful methodology investigate cytogenetic difference plant but it was not applicable define boundary discuss their relationship Korean because unstable karyotypes species. In study, 28 populations Chrysanthemum, which were identified based on morphological characteristics, collected habitats understand relationships at level. We measured genome size compared karyotype distribution pattern two ribosomal DNAs (rDNAs) using FISH (fluorescence situ hybridization). results confirmed that C. zawadskii had smaller 1 C values than boreale indicum did even for infraspecific variations. showed 5 S 18 rDNA genes present one pairs (cytotype I) regardless differences observed individual karyotypes. contrast, pair commonly different chromosomes boreale, indicum, intermediate-type populations. case genes, major types three or four short arms (cytotypes II IV), an additional signal detected few individuals III). total, five cytotypes including cytotype V, only colocalized signals 4. Consequently, we concluded white ray flowers cytogenetically distinguished whereas there no distinctive features between yellow flowers.

Language: Английский

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Hyb‐Seq provides new insights into the phylogeny and evolution of the Chrysanthemum zawadskii species complex in China

Cladistics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 38(6), P. 663 - 683

Published: June 29, 2022

Abstract A species complex is an assemblage of closely related with blurred boundaries, and from which could arise different speciation processes and/or a continuum. Such can provide opportunity to investigate evolutionary mechanisms acting on speciation. The Chrysanthemum zawadskii in China, monophyletic group , consists seven considerable morphological variation, diverse habitats distribution patterns. Here, we used Hyb‐Seq data construct well‐resolved phylogeny the C. complex. Then, performed comparative analyses variation patterns morphology, ecology roles geography this complex’s diversification. Lastly, implemented divergence time estimation, modelling ancestral area reconstruction trace history We concluded that originated Qinling–Daba mountains during early Pliocene then spread west northward along mountain ranges northern China. During process, geographical ecological factors imposing influences resulted current diversification complex, composed both well‐diverged diverging lineages path

Language: Английский

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Echoes of the past: niche evolution, range dynamics, and their coupling shape the distribution of species in the Chrysanthemum zawadskii species complex

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Oct. 31, 2023

The distribution of species changes over time, and the current different could result from distinct eco-evolutionary processes. Thus, investigating spatiotemporal in niche geographic range is fundamental to understanding those processes mechanisms shaping distributions species. However, many studies only compared target species, ignoring fact that shift a dynamic process. Here, we reconstructed evolution dynamics provide more information on related We focused monophyletic complex, Chrysanthemum zawadskii which occupy diverse habitats exhibit patterns. Specifically, investigated breadth overlap between lineages or complex environmental spaces. then tested phylogenetic signals for climatic variables estimated ancestral nodes time-calibrated phylogeny. Next, used phyloclimatic modeling reconstruct this complex. Our results show contains both specialist generalist diverges greatly among intraspecific moisture gradient may be primary driver divergence reconstruction shows originated Qinling mountains surrounding areas during early Pliocene, diverged with expansion evolution. Species have dynamics. Based our findings, propose evolution, dynamics, their coupling shape provides insight into formed C.

Language: Английский

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