Developing drought‐smart, ready‐to‐grow future crops

The Plant Genome, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Nov. 10, 2022

Breeding crop plants with increased yield potential and improved tolerance to stressful environments is critical for global food security. Drought stress (DS) adversely affects agricultural productivity worldwide expected rise in the coming years. Therefore, it vital understand physiological, biochemical, molecular, ecological mechanisms associated DS. This review examines recent advances plant responses DS expand our understanding of DS-associated mechanisms. Suboptimal water sources affect growth yields through physical impairments, physiological disturbances, biochemical modifications, molecular adjustments. To control devastating effect plants, important its consequences, mechanisms, agronomic genetic basis sustainable production. In addition responses, we highlight several mitigation options such as omics approaches, transgenics breeding, genome editing, mechanical methods (foliar treatments, seed priming, conventional practices). Further, have also presented scope speed breeding platforms helping develop drought-smart future crops. short, recommend incorporating multi-omics, traditional strategies, cultivars achieve 'zero hunger' goal.

Language: Английский

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Assessment of proline function in higher plants under extreme temperatures

Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(3), P. 379 - 395

Published: Feb. 7, 2023

Climate change and abiotic stress factors are key players in crop losses worldwide. Among which, extreme temperatures (heat cold) disturb plant growth development, reduce productivity and, severe cases, lead to death. Plants have developed numerous strategies mitigate the detrimental impact of temperature stress. Exposure leads accumulation various metabolites, e.g. sugars, sugar alcohols, organic acids amino acids. accumulate acid 'proline' response several stresses, including Proline abundance may result from de novo synthesis, hydrolysis proteins, reduced utilization or degradation. also tolerance by maintaining osmotic balance (still controversial), cell turgidity indirectly modulating metabolism reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, crosstalk proline with other osmoprotectants signalling molecules, glycine betaine, abscisic acid, nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide, soluble helps strengthen protective mechanisms stressful environments. Development less temperature-responsive cultivars can be achieved manipulating biosynthesis through genetic engineering. This review presents an overview responses outline under such temperatures. The exogenous application as a molecule is presented. interaction molecules discussed. Finally, potential engineering proline-related genes explained develop 'temperature-smart' plants. In short, promise ways forward for developing future

Language: Английский

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Role of phytohormones in regulating cold stress tolerance: Physiological and molecular approaches for developing cold-smart crop plants

Plant Stress, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8, P. 100152 - 100152

Published: March 23, 2023

Global climate variations induce extreme temperatures and significantly decrease crop production, leading to food insecurity worldwide. Temperature extremes (mainly cold stress (CS): chilling 0–15 °C freezing <0 temperatures) limit plant growth development severely affect physiology biochemical molecular processes. Subsequently, plants execute numerous endogenous mechanisms, including phytohormone biosynthesis (i.e., abscisic acid, cytokinins, jasmonic salicylic gibberellic brassinosteroids, indole-3-acetic ethylene, strigolactones) tolerate stressful environments. Phytohormones are vital for managing diverse events associated with under CS as important signaling substances that dynamically arbitrate many physiological, biochemical, responses through a stress-responsive regulatory cascade. This review briefly appraises adaptation mechanisms then comprehensively reports on the crucial role of several phytohormones in adjusting response acclimation. We also discuss phytohormone-regulated genes controlling tolerance their genetic engineering combat species develop future CS-smart plants. The potential state-of-the-art omics approaches help identify phytohormone-induced novel genes, metabolites, metabolic pathways is discussed. In short, we conclude exogenous application phytohormones-regulated promising techniques developing cold-smart

Language: Английский

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Jasmonic acid regulates plant development and orchestrates stress response during tough times

Environmental and Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 208, P. 105260 - 105260

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

Language: Английский

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Decrypting the multi-functional biological activators and inducers of defense responses against biotic stresses in plants

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. e13825 - e13825

Published: Feb. 18, 2023

Plant diseases are still the main problem for reduction in crop yield and a threat to global food security. Additionally, excessive usage of chemical inputs such as pesticides fungicides control plant have created another serious human environmental health. In view this, application growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) controlling disease incidences has been identified an eco-friendly approach coping with security issue. this review, we different ways by which PGPRs capable reducing phytopathogenic infestations enhancing yield. PGPR suppresses diseases, both directly indirectly, mediated microbial metabolites signaling components. Microbial synthesized anti-pathogenic siderophores, antibiotics, lytic enzymes, hydrogen cyanide, several others act on phytopathogens. The indirect mechanisms infestation caused stimulation immune responses known initiation systemic resistance (ISR) is triggering elicited through pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). ISR triggered infected region leads development acquired (SAR) throughout making resistant wide range pathogens. A number including Pseudomonas Bacillus genera proven their ability stimulate ISR. However, there some challenges large-scale acceptance pest management. Further, discuss newly formulated inoculants possessing activities suppression holistic sustaining health productivity.

Language: Английский

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Developing future heat-resilient vegetable crops

Functional & Integrative Genomics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Jan. 24, 2023

Climate change seriously impacts global agriculture, with rising temperatures directly affecting the yield. Vegetables are an essential part of daily human consumption and thus have importance among all agricultural crops. The population is increasing daily, so there a need for alternative ways which can be helpful in maximizing harvestable yield vegetables. increase temperature affects plants' biochemical molecular processes; having significant impact on quality Breeding climate-resilient crops good yields takes long time lots breeding efforts. However, advent new omics technologies, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, efficiency efficacy unearthing information pathways associated high-temperature stress resilience has improved many vegetable Besides omics, use genomics-assisted approaches gene editing speed allow creation modern cultivars that more resilient to high temperatures. Collectively, these will shorten create release novel varieties meet growing demands productivity quality. This review discusses effects heat vegetables highlights recent research focus how genome produce temperature-resilient efficiently faster.

Language: Английский

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The role of melatonin in plant growth and metabolism, and its interplay with nitric oxide and auxin in plants under different types of abiotic stress

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 14, 2023

Melatonin is a pleiotropic signaling molecule that reduces the adverse effects of abiotic stresses, and enhances growth physiological function many plant species. Several recent studies have demonstrated pivotal role melatonin in functions, specifically its regulation crop yield. However, comprehensive understanding melatonin, which regulates yield under stress conditions, not yet available. This review focuses on progress research biosynthesis, distribution, metabolism multiple complex functions plants mechanisms grown stresses. In this review, we focused enhancement yield, elucidated interactions with nitric oxide (NO) auxin (IAA, indole-3-acetic acid) when are various The present revealed endogenousapplication to plants, NO IAA, enhanced interaction regulated morphophysiological biochemical activities, mediated by G protein-coupled receptor synthesis genes. IAA increasing levels synthesis, polar transport. Our aim was provide performance and, therefore, further explicate hormones use regulate

Language: Английский

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Trehalose: A sugar molecule involved in temperature stress management in plants

The Crop Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 1 - 16

Published: Oct. 29, 2023

Trehalose (Tre) is a non-reducing disaccharide found in many species, including bacteria, fungi, invertebrates, yeast, and even plants, where it acts as an osmoprotectant, energy source, or protein/membrane protector. Despite relatively small amounts Tre concentrations increase following exposure to abiotic stressors. Trehalose-6-phosphate, precursor of Tre, has regulatory functions sugar metabolism, crop production, stress tolerance. Among the various stresses, temperature extremes (heat cold stress) are anticipated impact production worldwide due ongoing climate changes. Applying can mitigate negative physiological, metabolic, molecular responses triggered by stress. also interacts with other sugars, osmoprotectants, amino acids, phytohormones regulate metabolic reprogramming that underpins adaptation. Transformed plants expressing Tre-synthesis genes accumulate show improved Genome-wide studies Tre-encoding suggest roles plant growth, development, This review discusses mitigating stress—highlighting genetic engineering approaches modify crosstalk, interactions molecules—and in-silico for identifying novel diverse species. We consider how this knowledge be used develop temperature-resilient crops essential sustainable agriculture.

Language: Английский

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Micro/nanoplastics: Critical review of their impacts on plants, interactions with other contaminants (antibiotics, heavy metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), and management strategies

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 912, P. 169420 - 169420

Published: Dec. 19, 2023

Language: Английский

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Regulation of Na+/H+ exchangers, Na+/K+ transporters, and lignin biosynthesis genes, along with lignin accumulation, sodium extrusion, and antioxidant defense, confers salt tolerance in alfalfa

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Nov. 7, 2022

Accumulation of high sodium (Na+) leads to disruption metabolic processes and decline in plant growth productivity. Therefore, this study was undertaken clarify how Na+/H+ exchangers Na+/K+ transporter genes contribute Na+ homeostasis the substantial involvement lignin biosynthesis salt tolerance alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), which is poorly understood. In study, exhibited a reduction morphophysiological indices induced oxidative stress indicators Xingjiang Daye (XJD; sensitive genotype), while Zhongmu (ZM; tolerant genotype) remained unaffected. The higher accumulation lower K+ K+/(Na+ + K+) ratio were found roots shoots XJD compared with ZM under stress. genotype showed expression SOS1 (salt overly 1), NHX1 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger HKT1 (high-affinity potassium involved excess extrusion from cells XJD. salt-adapted than genotype. Consequently, several biosynthesis-related including 4CL2, CCoAOMT, COMT, CCR, C4H, PAL1, PRX1 mRNA salt-tolerant Moreover, antioxidant enzyme (catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase) activity relative This result suggests that provided defense against damages ZM, whereas low triggered damage These findings together illustrate ion exchanger, antiporter, biosysthetic involving mechanistic insights into differential alfalfa.

Language: Английский

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