Gold perfusion experiments support the multi‐layered, mesoporous nature of intervessel pit membranes in angiosperm xylem
New Phytologist,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
242(2), P. 493 - 506
Published: Feb. 25, 2024
Fluid
transport
across
intervessel
pit
membranes
of
angiosperm
xylem
plays
a
major
role
in
plant
transpiration,
with
resistance
largely
depending
on
pore
constriction
sizes.
Traditionally,
fluid
particles
traversing
are
assumed
to
cross
single
instead
multiple
constrictions.
We
tested
multi-layered
membrane
model
eight
species
by
estimating
the
size
frequency
constrictions
relation
thickness
and
compared
modelled
data
perfusion
characteristics
nanoscale
gold
based
transmission
electron
microscopy.
The
showed
similar
patterns
measured
number
perfused
particle
sizes
inside
membranes,
although
values
were
10-50
times
below
data.
Small
enter
most
easily,
especially
when
injected
thin
membranes.
trapping
becomes
more
likely
increasing
thickness.
While
quantitative
differences
between
experimental
due
various
practical
limitations,
their
qualitative
agreement
supports
Pore
5
50
nm
realistic,
confirm
mesoporous
nature
Language: Английский
Plant microphenotype: from innovative imaging to computational analysis
Plant Biotechnology Journal,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(4), P. 802 - 818
Published: Jan. 13, 2024
Summary
The
microphenotype
plays
a
key
role
in
bridging
the
gap
between
genotype
and
complex
macro
phenotype.
In
this
article,
we
review
advances
data
acquisition
intelligent
analysis
of
plant
microphenotyping
present
applications
science
over
past
two
decades.
We
then
point
out
several
challenges
field
suggest
that
cross‐scale
image
strategies,
powerful
artificial
intelligence
algorithms,
advanced
genetic
analysis,
computational
phenotyping
need
to
be
established
performed
better
understand
interactions
among
genotype,
environment,
management.
Microphenotyping
has
entered
era
3.0
will
largely
advance
functional
genomics
science.
Language: Английский
Angiosperms follow a convex trade‐off to optimize hydraulic safety and efficiency
New Phytologist,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
240(5), P. 1788 - 1801
Published: Sept. 10, 2023
Intervessel
pits
are
considered
to
function
as
valves
that
avoid
embolism
spreading
and
optimize
efficient
transport
of
xylem
sap
across
neighbouring
vessels.
Hydraulic
between
vessels
would
therefore
follow
a
safety-efficiency
trade-off,
which
is
directly
related
the
total
intervessel
pit
area
(Ap
),
inversely
membrane
thickness
(TPM
)
driven
by
pressure
difference.
To
test
this
hypothesis,
we
modelled
relative
rate
gas
(ka
water
(Q)
at
level
for
23
angiosperm
species
correlated
these
parameters
with
potential
50%
occurs
(Ψ50
).
We
also
measured
ka
10
using
pneumatic
measurements.
The
difference
adjacent
estimated
values
Q
were
Ψ50
,
following
convex
trade-off
based
on
experimental
data.
Minor
changes
in
TPM
Ap
exponentially
affected
flow,
respectively.
Our
results
provide
clear
evidence
not
linear,
but
due
flow
membranes,
represent
mesoporous
media
within
microporous
conduits.
Moreover,
nature
long-distance
may
contribute
an
adjustable
fluid
balance
plants,
depending
environmental
conditions.
Language: Английский
Rapid leaf xylem acclimation diminishes the chances of embolism in grapevines
Journal of Experimental Botany,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
74(21), P. 6836 - 6846
Published: Sept. 2, 2023
Abstract
Under
most
conditions
tight
stomatal
regulation
in
grapevines
(Vitis
vinifera)
avoids
xylem
embolism.
The
current
study
evaluated
grapevine
responses
to
challenging
scenarios
that
might
lead
leaf
embolism
and
consequential
damage.
We
hypothesized
would
occur
if
the
vines
experienced
low
water
potential
(Ψx)
shortly
after
bud
break
or
later
season
under
a
combination
of
extreme
drought
heat.
subjected
two
potentially
dangerous
environments:
(i)
withholding
irrigation
from
vineyard
grown
heatwave-prone
environment,
(ii)
subjecting
potted
terminal
1
month
break.
In
field
experiment,
heatwave
at
beginning
August
resulted
temperatures
over
45
°C.
However,
effective
response
maintained
well
above
threshold,
no
desiccation
was
observed.
pot
leaves
well-watered
May
were
relatively
vulnerable
with
50%
(P50)
–1.8
MPa.
when
exposed
drought,
these
acclimated
their
P50
by
0.65
MPa
less
than
week
before
reaching
values.
When
dried
embolizing
Ψx,
damage
proportion
matched
(percentage-wise)
level.
Our
findings
indicate
are
usually
avoided
grapevines’
efficient
rapid
acclimation
vulnerability.
Language: Английский