Designing salt stress‐resilient crops: Current progress and future challenges

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 66(3), P. 303 - 329

Published: Dec. 18, 2023

ABSTRACT Excess soil salinity affects large regions of land and is a major hindrance to crop production worldwide. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms plant salt tolerance has scientific importance practical significance. In recent decades, studies have characterized hundreds genes associated with responses stress in different species. These substantially advanced our genetic plants introduced an era design breeding salt‐tolerant crops. This review summarizes current knowledge tolerance, emphasizing advances elucidating osmotic salt‐ion transport compartmentalization, oxidative alkaline trade‐off between growth tolerance. We also examine natural variation crops discuss possible strategies challenges for designing stress‐resilient focus on model Arabidopsis ( thaliana ) four most‐studied crops: rice Oryza sativa ), wheat Triticum aestivum maize Zea mays soybean Glycine max ).

Language: Английский

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Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveals the molecular mechanism of exogenous melatonin improves salt tolerance in eggplants

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Melatonin significantly enhances the tolerance of plants to biotic and abiotic stress, plays an important role in plant resistance salt stress. However, its molecular mechanisms eggplant stress have been rarely reported. In previous studies, we experimentally demonstrated that melatonin can enhance eggplants. this study, treated salt-stressed with a control treatment water, then conducted physiological biochemical tests, transcriptomic metabolomic sequencing, RT-qPCR validation at different stages after treatment. The results showed exogenous alleviate adverse effects on by increasing activity antioxidant enzymes, reducing content reactive oxygen species plants, organic osmoprotectants. Transcriptomic data, as well combined analysis, indicate activate metabolic pathways Compared genes α-linolenic acid metabolism pathway promote accumulation metabolites pathway, significant observed 48 hours treatment, activates expression such SmePLA2, SmeLOXs SmeOPR et al. α-Linolenic acid, (9R,13R)-12-oxophytodienoic 9(S)-HpOTrE (+)-7-iso-Jasmonic acid. validated activating effect candidate a-linolenic pathway. This study analyzed mechanism alleviating providing theoretical foundation for application enhancing production.

Language: Английский

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Recent advances of CRISPR-based genome editing for enhancing staple crops

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Sept. 23, 2024

An increasing population, climate change, and diminishing natural resources present severe threats to global food security, with traditional breeding genetic engineering methods often falling short in addressing these rapidly evolving challenges. CRISPR/Cas systems have emerged as revolutionary tools for precise modifications crops, offering significant advancements resilience, yield, nutritional value, particularly staple crops like rice maize. This review highlights the transformative potential of technology, emphasizing recent innovations such prime base editing, development novel CRISPR-associated proteins, which significantly improved specificity, efficiency, scope genome editing agriculture. These enable targeted that enhance tolerance abiotic stresses well biotic stresses. Additionally, plays a crucial role improving crop yield quality by enhancing photosynthetic nutrient uptake, resistance lodging, while also taste, texture, shelf life, content through biofortification. Despite challenges off-target effects, need more efficient delivery methods, ethical regulatory concerns, underscores importance security sustainability It calls continued research integration CRISPR other emerging technologies nanotechnology, synthetic biology, machine learning fully realize its developing resilient, productive, sustainable agricultural systems.

Language: Английский

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The Physiological Mechanism of Exogenous Melatonin Regulating Salt Tolerance in Eggplant Seedlings

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 270 - 270

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

There is little study on melatonin’s ability to prevent salt damage in eggplants, despite the fact that it a strong antioxidant plants has been found help mitigate variety of adverse challenges. In this study, we used “Anhui Eggplant No.8” as test material and simulated stress by irrigating roots with 150 mmol·L NaCl solution. Subsequently, treated eggplants different concentrations exogenous melatonin (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 μmol·L) assessed plant traits an array physiological biochemical indices following application observe impact stress. Our results indicate at concentration 200 μmol·L can significantly alleviate inhibition eggplant photosynthesis under increasing content chlorophyll leaves activity enzymes. This leads notable increase levels non-enzyme antioxidants osmotic regulatory substances. As result, capacity enhanced, degree membrane lipid peroxidation reduced, growth seedlings effectively promoted, thereby strengthening tolerance seedlings. Fluorescence quantitative data analysis indicates SmCAT4 indeed gene positively regulates However, SmPPO family, did not find any genes respond research provides theoretical foundation for improving yield productivity quality protected farming clarifying mechanism which controls

Language: Английский

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Echoes of a Stressful Past: Abiotic Stress Memory in Crop Plants towards Enhanced Adaptation

Agriculture, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. 2090 - 2090

Published: Nov. 2, 2023

Plants can develop stress memory as a response to various abiotic stresses, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Most of knowledge concerning development and inheritance in plants is primarily based on research model plant Arabidopsis. While shared exist across species, it crucial expand our understanding epigenetic regulation crops. Stress priming, or prior exposure mild stress, enhance plant’s adaptation future events memory. During undergo physiological, biochemical, molecular, changes that be transient maintained throughout their lifespan, some cases, these also inherited by offspring. In this review, we present current state priming-induced agronomically important crops towards resilience. The most prominent namely, heat, cold, salt, drought, waterlogging, highlighted relation cis-/trans-priming at intra-, inter-, transgenerational levels. cost for developing along with duration imprints fading discussed. This review particularly era climate change, which necessitates agricultural sustainability strategies.

Language: Английский

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Advances in CRISPR/Cas9-based research related to soybean [Glycine max (Linn.) Merr] molecular breeding

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Aug. 30, 2023

Soybean [

Language: Английский

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Calmodulin: Coping with biotic and abiotic stresses in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

Plant Stress, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100602 - 100602

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Enhancing Soybean Salt Tolerance with GSNO and Silicon: A Comprehensive Physiological, Biochemical, and Genetic Study

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 609 - 609

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Soil salinity is a major global challenge affecting agricultural productivity and food security. This study explores innovative strategies to improve salt tolerance in soybean (Glycine max), crucial crop the supply. investigates synergistic effects of S-nitroso glutathione (GSNO) silicon on enhancing max). Two cultivars, Seonpung (salt-tolerant) Cheongja (salt-sensitive), were analyzed for various physiological, biochemical, genetic traits under stress. The results showed that combined GSNO Si treatment significantly improved several key traits, including plant height, relative water content, root development, nodule numbers, chlorophyll stomatal aperture, both control stress conditions. Additionally, this optimized ion homeostasis by Na/K ratio Ca while reducing damage markers such as electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide. stress-responsive compounds, proline, ascorbate peroxidase, water-soluble proteins, elevated conditions, indicating tolerance. Gene expression analysis revealed significant upregulation genes GmNHX1, GmSOS2, GmAKT1, associated with response, GmNIP2.1, GmNIP2.2, GmLBR downregulated varieties. Notably, salt-sensitive variety exhibited higher leakage oxidative compared salt-tolerant Seonpung. These findings suggest combination enhances improving physiological resilience, homeostasis, gene expression.

Language: Английский

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Salt Tolerance in Soybeans: Focus on Screening Methods and Genetics

Plants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 97 - 97

Published: Dec. 28, 2023

Salinity greatly affects the production of soybeans in arid and semi-arid lands around world. The responses to salt stress at germination, emergence, other seedling stages have been evaluated multitudes studies over past decades. Considerable salt-tolerant accessions identified. association between tolerance during early later growth may not be as significant expected. Genetic analysis has confirmed that is distinctly tied specific soybean developmental stages. Our understanding mechanisms increasing due identification key genes. In this review, we focus on methods screening, progress forward genetics, potential involved tolerance, importance translating laboratory findings into field experiments via marker-assisted pyramiding or genetic engineering approaches, ultimately developing varieties produce high stable yields. Progress made decades, new technologies will help mine novel genes translate mechanism effective routes.

Language: Английский

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The Influence of Wool Pellet Application on Alleviating Salt-Induced Stress in Soybean (Glycine max L.)

Life, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 328 - 328

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Soil salinity is a pervasive challenge in agricultural regions, significantly impacting plant growth and productivity. Addressing the adverse implications of soil salinization capitalizing on organic waste resources has potential to yield substantial advancements sector. This study examined influence varying levels wool pellets (0, 1%, 2%, 4%) salt 25, 50, 100 mM) physiological biochemical properties soybean (Glycine max L.). The findings revealed that compared control group, at 4% application rate, length decreased by 20%, while stem dry weight, root weight showed no significant differences up 2% application. Compared treatment, rate resulted an increase 6% leaf temperature, 55% NBI, 12% chlorophyll content, 10% MDA activity. Conversely, TAA, TPC, carotenoid content 55%, 51%, 81%, respectively. Salt applications led reductions most studied morphological parameters, except for properties. control, length, fresh 14%, 22%, respectively, increased 18%, 33%, 50%,

Language: Английский

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