Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress—A Causative Factor and Therapeutic Target in Many Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(24), P. 13384 - 13384

Published: Dec. 13, 2021

The excessive formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impairment defensive antioxidant systems leads to a condition known as oxidative stress. main source free radicals responsible for stress is mitochondrial respiration. deleterious effects ROS on cellular biomolecules, including DNA, well-known phenomenon that can disrupt function contribute damage death, the subsequent development various disease processes. In this review, we summarize most important findings implicated in wide variety pathologies from Alzheimer (AD) autoimmune type 1 diabetes. This review also discusses attempts affect therapeutic avenue.

Language: Английский

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The excitatory-inhibitory balance as a target for the development of novel drugs to treat schizophrenia

Biochemical Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 228, P. 116298 - 116298

Published: May 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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Advantages and Limitations of Animal Schizophrenia Models

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(11), P. 5968 - 5968

Published: May 25, 2022

Mental illness modeling is still a major challenge for scientists. Animal models of schizophrenia are essential to gain better understanding the disease etiopathology and mechanism action currently used antipsychotic drugs help in search new more effective therapies. We can distinguish among pharmacological, genetic, neurodevelopmental offering various neuroanatomical disorders different spectrum symptoms schizophrenia. Modeling based on inducing damage or changes activity relevant regions rodent brain (mainly prefrontal cortex hippocampus). Such artificially induced dysfunctions approximately correspond lesions found patients with However, notably, animal mental have numerous limitations never fully reflect state observed humans.

Language: Английский

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Biological hypotheses, risk factors, and biomarkers of schizophrenia

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 120, P. 110626 - 110626

Published: Aug. 31, 2022

Language: Английский

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Green synthesized ZnO-Fe2O3-Co3O4 nanocomposite for antioxidant, microbial disinfection and degradation of pollutants from wastewater

Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 105, P. 104535 - 104535

Published: Nov. 8, 2022

Language: Английский

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Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of α- and β-Asarone in the Treatment of Neurological Disorders

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 281 - 281

Published: Jan. 29, 2022

Neurological disorders are important causes of morbidity and mortality around the world. The increasing prevalence neurological disorders, associated with an aging population, has intensified societal burden these diseases, for which no effective treatment strategies currently exist. Therefore, identification development novel therapeutic approaches, able to halt or reverse neuronal loss by targeting underlying causal factors that lead neurodegeneration cell death, urgently necessary. Plants other natural products have been explored as sources safe, naturally occurring secondary metabolites potential neuroprotective properties. α- β-asarone can be found in high levels rhizomes medicinal plant Acorus calamus (L.). exhibit multiple pharmacological properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, anticancer, effects. This paper aims provide overview current research on particularly neurodegenerative diseases such Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), well cerebral ischemic disease, epilepsy. Current indicates exert effects mitigating oxidative stress, abnormal protein accumulation, neuroinflammation, neurotrophic factor deficit, promoting survival, activating various signalling pathways. Although beneficial exerted demonstrated through vitro vivo animal studies, additional is required translate laboratory results into safe therapies patients AD, PD, diseases.

Language: Английский

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MicroRNA schizophrenia: Etiology, biomarkers and therapeutic targets

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 146, P. 105064 - 105064

Published: Jan. 25, 2023

Language: Английский

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Antipsychotic effect of diosgenin in ketamine-induced murine model of schizophrenia: Involvement of oxidative stress and cholinergic transmission

IBRO Neuroscience Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16, P. 86 - 97

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

A decrease in the levels of antioxidant arsenals exacerbate generation reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, leading to neurochemical dysfunction, with significant impact on pathogenesis psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. This study examined preventive and reversal effects diosgenin, a phyto-steroidal saponin functions mice treated ketamine which closely replicates schizophrenia-like symptoms human laboratory animals. In phase, adult cohorts were clustered into 5 groups (n = 9). Groups 1 2 received saline (10 mL/kg, i.p.), 3 4 pretreated diosgenin (25 50 mg/kg), group risperidone (0.5 mg/kg) orally for 14 days. Mice 2-5 additionally daily dose (20 mg/kg, i.p.) or mL/kg/day, i.p.). intraperitoneal injection consecutive days prior mg/kg/p.o./day) treatment from 8-14. assessed behavioral changes. Oxidative, nitrergic markers, cholinergic (acetylcholinesterase activity) transmission striatum, prefrontal-cortex hippocampus. Diosgenin prevented reversed hyperlocomotion, cognitive social deficits relative groups. The increased acetylcholinesterase, malondialdehyde nitrite produced by reduced hippocampus, but did not reverse striatal level. glutathione, catalase levels, except hippocampal activity when compared controls. Conclusively, these biochemical changes might be related ketamine-treated mice, diosgenin.

Language: Английский

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The Underlying Neurobiological Mechanisms of Psychosis: Focus on Neurotransmission Dysregulation, Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 709 - 709

Published: June 12, 2024

Psychosis, defined as a set of symptoms that results in distorted sense reality, is observed several psychiatric disorders addition to schizophrenia. This paper reviews the literature relevant underlying neurobiology psychosis. The dopamine hypothesis has been major influence study neurochemistry psychosis and development antipsychotic drugs. However, it became clear early on other factors must be involved dysfunction In current review, reported how these factors, namely dysregulation neurotransmitters [dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)], neuroinflammation, glia (microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes), hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, gut microbiome, oxidative stress, mitochondrial contribute interact with one another. Research increased knowledge complexity psychotic disorders. Potential new pharmacotherapies, including combinations drugs (with pre- probiotics some cases) affecting mentioned above, have suggested. Similarly, putative biomarkers, particularly those related immune system, proposed. Future research both pharmacotherapy biomarkers will require better-designed studies conducted an all stages consider confounders such sex differences comorbidity.

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic Potential of DAAO Inhibitors for Cognitive Impairment Associated with Schizophrenia: Learnings from Luvadaxistat

The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 4, 2025

Abstract Hypofunction of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) has been proposed to underlie pathophysiology schizophrenia, suggesting that promoting NMDAR activity may alleviate negative or cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia. To circumvent excitotoxicity accompany direct agonism glutamate binding site on NMDAR, therapeutic trials have focused targeting glycine NMDAR. Direct administration either D-serine, both which are endogenous coagonists at site, yielded mixed outcomes across an array clinical investigating different doses patient populations. Furthermore, directly administering D-serine and is challenging thus attention turned alternative, indirect methods increase levels in brain, such as D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) inhibitors transporter 1 inhibitors, respectively. In this review, we provide overview evidence supporting potential modulators general, DAAO particular adjunctive treatments for We also discuss preclinical data related luvadaxistat, investigational highly selective potent inhibitor was under development treatment impairment

Language: Английский

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