Malignant Brain Aging: The Formidable Link Between Dysregulated Signaling Through Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Pathways and Alzheimer’s Disease (Type 3 Diabetes)

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 95(4), P. 1301 - 1337

Published: Sept. 12, 2023

Malignant brain aging corresponds to accelerated age-related declines in functions eventually derailing the self-sustaining forces that govern independent vitality. establishes path toward dementing neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The full spectrum of AD includes progressive dysfunction neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, and microvascular systems, is mechanistically driven by insulin insulin-like growth factor (IGF) deficiencies resistances with accompanying deficits energy balance, increased cellular stress, inflammation, impaired perfusion, mimicking core features diabetes mellitus. underlying pathophysiological derangements result mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal protein aggregation, oxidative endoplasmic reticulum aberrant autophagy, post-translational modification proteins, all which are signature both dysregulated insulin/IGF-1-mechanistic target rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. This article connects dots from benign malignant neurodegeneration reviewing salient pathologies associated initially adaptive later dysfunctional mTOR signaling brain. Effective therapeutic preventive measures must be two-pronged designed 1) address complex shifting impairments through re-purpose effective anti-diabetes therapeutics brain, 2) minimize impact extrinsic mediators transitions, e.g., inflammatory states, obesity, systemic resistance diseases, repeated bouts general anesthesia, minimizing exposures or implementing neuroprotective measures.

Language: Английский

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The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality in people with dementia without COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Geriatrics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Nov. 19, 2022

Abstract Introduction Significant mortality amongst vulnerable populations, such as people living with dementia, might go undetected during pandemic conditions due to refocus of care efforts. There is an urgent need fully evaluate the impact on dementia in order facilitate future healthcare reforms and prevent deaths. The purpose this study was determine whether there any significant difference without COVID-19 compared previous years. Methods A literature search conducted 5 databases. relative risk ratio confidence interval used estimate change rates pandemic. I 2 value assess heterogeneity, publication bias, sensitivity analyses were performed. Results Pooled analysis 11 studies showed that significantly increased for COVID-19. Mortality by 25% time period studied. Subgroup not performed low number included studies. Conclusions results suggest had a even if they did have People should participate efforts reduce general social spread system vaccinations, mask mandates, testing. These clinical implications preventing direct infection enough adequately protect from mortality. Measures limit infections help support patients also be focus clinicians. Further research identification mechanisms other explanations well contributing factors homes differences between countries various strategies.

Language: Английский

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Impact of social isolation and leisure activities on cognition and depression: A study on middle‐aged and older adults in India

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38(6)

Published: June 1, 2023

Abstract Introduction Recent studies highlight the negative impact of social isolation and involvement in leisure activities on enhanced well‐being individuals. However, there is dearth evidence relationship between cognitive abilities depression older adults Indian context. The paper reports functioning adults. Methods Data were collected from Longitudinal Ageing Study India (LASI), 63,806 participants aged 45 years or above considered for study with adherence to exclusion criteria. Multivariate analysis was carried out analyse group‐based differences. Results Social ( F = 102.09, p < 0.01; η 2 0.09) 224.54, 0.07) had a statistically significant cognition depressive symptoms participants. Socially isolated little worst M 32.76, SD 4.41), whereas middle‐aged who actively involved experienced least exhibited best 4.41). age as independent factors did not have depression. Conclusion participants, irrespective age, exhibit poor are more likely suffer compared their counterparts. findings can be used design intervention strategies aimed at reducing by incorporating ensure optimal

Language: Английский

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The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Psychological Well-Being of Caregivers of People with Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Geriatrics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(5), P. 97 - 97

Published: Sept. 28, 2023

The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effects COVID-19 lockdown on psychological well-being caregivers people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (PwD/MCI). Electronic databases were searched from inception August 2022 for observational studies investigating and PwD/MCI. Summary estimates standardized mean differences (SMD) in scores pre- versus during calculated using a random-effects model. Fifteen including 1702 (65.7% female, age 60.40 ± 12.9 years) PwD/MCI evaluated. Five found no change parameters, depression, anxiety, distress, caregiver burden, quality life. Ten worsening at least one parameter: depression (six studies, n = 1368; SMD 0.40; 95%CI: 0.09–0.71; p 0.01, I2 86.8%), anxiety (seven 1569; 1.35; 0.05–2.65; 99.2%), distress 1320, 3.190; 1.42–4.95; < 0.0001; 99.4%), burden (four 852, 0.34; 0.13–0.56; 0.001; 54.1%) (p 0.05). There an increase COVID pandemic. This could have longer term consequences, it is essential that caregivers’ assessed supported, benefit both themselves those whom they care.

Language: Английский

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Methodological reflections on conducting online research with people with dementia: The Good, The Bad and the Ugly

SSM - Qualitative Research in Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4, P. 100371 - 100371

Published: Nov. 17, 2023

Conducting qualitative research with people dementia (PwD) is inherently challenging due to their fluctuating mental capacity and symptom of forgetfulness. These challenges were compounded during the early phase COVID-19 pandemic when social distancing lock down enforced. This article critically discusses researchers' experiences on conducting online PwD a sensitive topic based an empirical study that aimed explore changing needs how affects expectations future. The focus on: i) moving space, ii) impact joining participants iii) researcher (s). Participants recruited via Join Dementia Research platform. Narrative interviews conducted 13 4 dyads carers. Moving removed geographical barriers from thus making more accessible. virtual elements created unique interaction since was simultaneously co-occupying space virtually but not physically participants. Disadvantages included internet connection instability flexible informed consent procedures required. primary researcher's expressed identities positioned him variously as 'in-betweener' which challenged dualistic concept insiderness-outsiderness. PwD's familiar environment -their homes-appeared enable them take control in interview potentially reduced researchers involved vicarious trauma occurred after interviews; distress protocol revised include supports for interviewer.

Language: Английский

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Social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with the decline in cognitive functioning in young adults

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11, P. e16532 - e16532

Published: Dec. 8, 2023

Coronaviruses have caused widespread disease and death worldwide, leading to the implementation of lockdown measures closure educational institutions in various countries. This research aims investigate impact social isolation on cognitive functioning young students. The study included 84 subjects, with 48 being socially isolated 36 non-isolated individuals. participants' mental health was assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), while functions were evaluated through attention-switching tasks (AST), pattern recognition memory (PRM), choice reaction time (CRT) tests utilizing Cambridge Neuropsychological Automated Battery (CANTAB) software. group had an average age 21.3 ± 1.1 years, whereas 22.8 2.0 years. MMSE scores 25.8 1.6 for 28.6 1.3 group. In terms functioning, there significant differences (p = 0.000) observed values AST correct latency non-switching blocks (blocks 3 5) between (608.1 139.2) (499.5 67.8). Similarly, mean switching (block 7) significantly different 0.012) (784.4 212.5) (671.8 175.6). exhibited higher latency, congruent incongruent percent trials compared Additionally, PRM differed (81.3 12.0) (91.9 9.2). also showed a CRT (482.4 128.9) than (451.0 59.0), however difference not significant. conclusion, during COVID-19 pandemic has resulted decline

Language: Английский

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Longitudinal effect of dementia carers' sense of coherence on burden

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 37(9)

Published: July 20, 2022

Abstract Background A sense of coherence (SOC) could help us better understand why there are individuals who cope than others in similar situations. The study aimed to assess the effect SOC on course burden reports relatives persons with dementia. Methods This was a prospective cohort 156 dementia carers. assessed by Orientation Life Questionnaire (OLQ‐13), Burden Interview, and personal contextual characteristics were collected via ad hoc questions. main symptoms, including functional difficulties (Disability Assessment for Dementia), neuropsychiatric symptoms (Neuropsychiatric Inventory), cognitive impairment (Mini‐Mental State Examination), also assessed. general linear model adjusted determine other covariates throughout follow‐up. differences between baseline 12 24 months analysed, OLQ‐13 score grouped quartiles. Results global reported increased after ( F = 9.98; df 2; p < 0.001), but not equally all carers; daughters greatest increase. SOC, disability, disorders showed significant burden, time did not. Carers higher at tend remain lower levels, whereas carers low each visit. Conclusions evidence baseline, scores differ carers' SOC; those low‐SOC group greater

Language: Английский

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Editorial: Insights in neurocognitive aging and behavior: 2022

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Jan. 16, 2024

EDITORIAL article Front. Aging Neurosci., 16 January 2024Sec. Neurocognitive and Behavior Volume - 2024 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2024.1361839

Language: Английский

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Intermittent breaking of isolation may ameliorate decrease in physical activity caused by isolation

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(11), P. e0314262 - e0314262

Published: Nov. 27, 2024

Social isolation affects physical functioning owing to psychological stress. We constructed a rat model clarify the unexplored effects of social and determine whether environmental changes as an intervention against can reduce stress-inducing on physiological factors. Eight-week-old male rats were divided into three groups: group-housed, isolated, intervention. Group-housed kept 2 animals per cage. Isolated 1 The group alternated between group-housed conditions. All euthanized after 21 days. Their plasma, masseter muscles, lower limb muscles collected. Body weight, food intake, locomotor activity, muscle plasma corticosterone, ghrelin, myostatin levels measured. results indicated that there no significant differences groups for all outcomes. However, weight gain, corticosterone higher in isolated than group. Plasma ghrelin concentrations or groups. In group, activity decreased compared ratio also conclusion, affected body weight; these associated with stress marker, appetite-related factor, myostatin, which is growth inhibitor skeletal muscles. Moreover, suppressed when time was reduced present study suggests intermittent breaking may isolation.

Language: Английский

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The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality in people with dementia without COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 1, 2022

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to determine whether there any significant difference in mortality amongst people with dementia without COVID-19 during the pandemic compared previous years.MethodsA literature search conducted 5 databases. The relative risk ratio and confidence interval used estimate change rates pandemic. I² value assess heterogeneity, publication bias, sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsPooled analysis 11 studies showed that living significantly increased for COVID-19. Mortality by 25% time period studied.ConclusionsThe results suggest had a even if they did not have which could be an indication worsened quality care. Further research into effects on is warranted.

Language: Английский

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