Olfactory immune response to SARS-CoV-2

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 134 - 143

Published: Dec. 25, 2023

Abstract Numerous pathogens can infect the olfactory tract, yet pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has strongly emphasized importance of mucosa as an immune barrier. Situated in nasal passages, is directly exposed to environment sense airborne odorants; however, this also means it serve a direct route entry from outside world into brain. As result, olfactotropic infections have serious consequences, including dysfunction system, CNS invasion, dissemination lower respiratory and transmission between individuals. Recent research shown that distinctive response needed protect neuronal mucosal tissue. A better understanding innate, adaptive, structural barriers develop effective therapeutics vaccines against microbes such SARS-CoV-2. Here, we summarize ramifications infection mucosa, review subsequent response, discuss important areas future for immunity infectious disease.

Language: Английский

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Olfactory immunology: the missing piece in airway and CNS defence

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 381 - 398

Published: Dec. 14, 2023

Language: Английский

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Anosmia in COVID-19 could be associated with long-term deficits in the consolidation of procedural and verbal declarative memories

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Dec. 9, 2022

Long-COVID describes the long-term effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In long-COVID patients, neuropsychological alterations are frequently reported symptoms. Research points to medial temporal lobe dysfunction and its association with anosmia in patients. This study aims investigate acquisition consolidation declarative procedural memory patients explore whether is related these dissociated functions.Forty-two participants 30 controls (C) were recruited. The sample was divided into two groups based on presence or absence anosmia, group A NA, respectively. Objective performance verbal (Paired-Associate Learning, PAL), (Mirror Tracing Test, MTT), general cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale), psychomotor speed, incidental learning (Digit Symbol Substitution Test) assessed compared among A, C groups. Long-term retention PAL MTT 24 h after acquisition.Lower scores cognition, sustained attention found NA C. However, learning, both cue-guided free-recalled, diminished C, no differences NA. General cognition exclusively presented lower than recall tests but recognition tests. No memory. this worse as groups, respectively, when errors time execution considered.Findings support that memories more affected who also vulnerable deficits delayed memories. Deficits immediate information especially relevant anosmia. indicates COVID-19 could be associated a limbic system.

Language: Английский

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Distinct olfactory mucosal macrophage populations mediate neuronal maintenance and pathogen defense

Mucosal Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 1102 - 1113

Published: July 27, 2024

The olfactory mucosa is important for both the sense of smell and as a mucosal immune barrier to upper airway brain. However, little known about how system mediates conflicting goals neuronal maintenance inflammation in this tissue. A number cell populations reside within yet we have understanding these resident cells functionally interact with chemosensory environment. Identifying interactions will allow therapeutic manipulations that treat disorders such post-viral dysfunction. Macrophages are most prevalent type uninflamed here, identify two distinct tissue macrophage murine mucosa. P2ry12hi macrophages transcriptionally specialized neuron interactions, closely associated bodies, long-term residents, phagocytose debris, including neurons. Conversely, MHC Class IIhi dedicated cytokine production antigen presentation, localized primarily lamina propria, more rapidly replaced by blood monocytes, produce chemokines response viral infection. We further show signatures present human biopsies, P2ry12-like reduced patients loss following COVID-19. Together, data regulate neurons initiate response, contributing our immunity tissue-resident biology.

Language: Английский

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Olfactory and taste dysfunction in COVID-19-incidence and recovery

The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 39(1)

Published: Jan. 23, 2023

Abstract Background Olfactory and taste dysfunctions have been identified as prominent signs of COVID-19 infection. The data on its prevalence, time onset, recovery is highly variable. Objective study was aimed at establishing the incidence factors influencing smell disorders in COVID-19-affected patients. Methodology Telephonic interviews were used to collect symptoms COVID-19-positive patients, with an emphasis disorders. Patients severe disease a history illnesses that may affect olfaction or taste, those unwilling participate excluded. Results A total 1488 patients identified. 772 included interviewed, their analysed. 242 (31.3%) developed related and/or taste. Anosmia (149) ageusia (152) most common. Younger more commonly affected ( p = 0.0016). presence degree showed small positive correlation r .234, < .001). strong relationship seen fever .825, .001) significantly moderate breathing difficulty. There no significant difference based age sex for sensations. between times 0.00001). Conclusion Smell disorders, early clinical COVID-19, diagnostic well prognostic value. Treatment protocols these are yet be defined. association difficulty found, we recommend testing monitoring all new-onset OTD symptoms. combination active enquiry about symptoms, along objective when present help better understanding pathophysiology timely initiation treatment.

Language: Английский

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Neurological, psychological, psychosocial complications of long-COVID and their management

Neurological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 9, 2024

Since it first appeared, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had a significant and lasting negative impact on the health economies of millions individuals all over globe. At level individual too, many patients are not recovering fully experiencing long-term condition now commonly termed 'long-COVID'. Long-COVID is collection symptoms which must last more than 12 weeks following initial COVID infection, cannot be adequately explained by alternate diagnoses. The neurological psychosocial long-COVID itself global crisis therefore preventing, diagnosing, managing these paramount importance. This review focuses primarily on: functioning deficits; mental impacts; mood problems; associated issues, among suffering from with an eye towards basis symptoms. A concise account clinical relevance impacts long-COVID, effects morbidity, varied approaches in chronic conditions was extracted literature, analysed reported. comprehensive plausible pathophysiological mechanisms involved development its management, future research needs have been discussed.

Language: Английский

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Prevalence of skin manifestations in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Aug. 21, 2024

Background COVID-19 presents extrapulmonary manifestations that can aid in the diagnosis. Skin have been reported but their characteristics are not yet clear. Health professionals need information about its prevalence and main characteristics. Methods This systematic review followed PRISMA criteria. The protocol was registered PROSPERO (number CRD42020193173). Seven electronic databases gray literature were searched independently by two researchers. Observational analytical studies presented data on of skin patients aged 19 or older with included. Prevalence estimates synthesized through a meta-analysis using random-effects models. Association comparisons performed for individual Results We included 31 10,934 patients, which 10,121 tested positive COVID-19. general 29% (95% CI: 17.0–43.0; I 2 : 99%), most Africa, mean duration between 7 9 days frequently affecting feet+hands (75%) trunk (71%). Patients mild/moderate had more chilblain-like+pernio-like lesions (97%) inflammatory (86%) than severe critical Manifestations vascular origin only elderly significant severity ( p = 0). Conclusion global is similar to other signs symptoms assessment should be considered when investigating diagnosing adult patients. Systematic registration PROSPERO, identifier CRD42020193173, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020193173 .

Language: Английский

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Workplace Safety and Screening of Healthcare Workers for SARS-CoV-2 at a Tertiary Care Hospital in the Northern Emirates of United Arab Emirates

Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 93 - 103

Published: July 1, 2024

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in December Wuhan, People’s Republic of China, and caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), As virus took hold world, health experts paced efforts to solve unknown nature this threat. Methodology: We studied clinical characteristics, laboratory biomarkers healthcare workers single center, analytical cross-sectional study conducted tertiary care hospital UAE. Sample size 600 HCWs were screened for SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay using Seegene Allplex Andis FAST RT-qPCR detection kits a period 6 months. Findings: All (HCWs) vaccinated SARS-CoV-2. Out these, 240 be positive. rRT-PCR with Ct value <38 taken as positive >38. The investigations cases collected analysed further. A comparison tests made between (I) COVID (Ct < 25) nonsevere > groups (II) frontline non-frontline workers. Besides finding short-term sudden relief, investigators directed their provide long-term solution an ensuing pandemic that influenced all areas life unprecedented ways. Conclusion: Awareness among further studies focusing on mental overall wellness especially psychological burden doctors have received heightened awareness media research publications. This information can assist developing surveillance infection control policies preparedness future epidemics similar scenarios future.

Language: Английский

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Acute Polyradiculoneuritis in A COVID-19 Patient

Journal of Clinical Medical Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 5

Published: July 21, 2023

It was found that the infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 may lead to appearance of several complications, including neurological ones. The aim this article is present first and only case acute polyradiculoneuritis in a COVID-19 patient diagnosed our Infectious Diseases Clinic. Epidemiological, clinical laboratory data were presented analysed. Succesive development two diseases might suggest link between new coronavirus Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Language: Английский

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Letter to the editor regarding “Nasal inflammatory profile in patients with COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunctions”

International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(11), P. 1451 - 1452

Published: July 28, 2022

Language: Английский

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