Lipid Metabolism Modulation during SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Spotlight on Extracellular Vesicles and Therapeutic Prospects

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(1), P. 640 - 640

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have a significant impact on the pathophysiological processes associated with various diseases such as tumors, inflammation, and infection. They exhibit molecular, biochemical, entry control characteristics similar to viral infections. Viruses, other hand, depend host metabolic machineries fulfill their biosynthetic requirements. Due potential advantages biocompatibility, biodegradation, efficient immune activation, EVs emerged therapeutic targets against SARS-CoV-2 Studies COVID-19 patients shown that they frequently dysregulated lipid profiles, which are an increased risk of severe repercussions. Lipid droplets (LDs) serve organelles roles in metabolism energy homeostasis well having wide range functions The down-modulation lipids, sphingolipid ceramide eicosanoids, or transcriptional factors involved lipogenesis seem inhibit multiplication, suggesting involvement virus replication pathogenesis highlighting for drug development. Hence, this review focuses role modulation mechanism system evasion during infection explores application delivering substances mitigate

Language: Английский

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Comprehensive Review of COVID-19: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Advancement in Diagnostic and Detection Techniques, and Post-Pandemic Treatment Strategies

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(15), P. 8155 - 8155

Published: July 26, 2024

At present, COVID-19 remains a public health concern due to the ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and its prevalence in particular countries. This paper provides an updated overview epidemiology pathogenesis COVID-19, with focus on emergence variants phenomenon known as ‘long COVID’. Meanwhile, diagnostic detection advances will be mentioned. Though many inventions have been made combat pandemic, some outstanding ones include multiplex RT-PCR, which can used for accurate diagnosis infection. ELISA-based antigen tests also appear potential tools available future. discusses current treatments, vaccination strategies, well emerging cell-based therapies The underscores necessity us continuously update scientific understanding treatments it.

Language: Английский

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Hybrid Immunity Improves the Immune Response after the Fourth COVID-19 Vaccine Dose in Individuals with Medical Conditions Predisposing to Severe COVID-19

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 247 - 247

Published: Feb. 27, 2024

Data on immune responses following COVID-19 booster vaccinations and subsequent infections in the immunocompromised are limited. We studied antibody after fourth dose to define patient groups benefiting most from boosters. Fourth vaccine (booster) doses were, Finland, first recommended for severely individuals, whom we invited participate our study 2022. assessed spike protein-specific IgG neutralizing antibodies (NAb) against ancestral Omicron BA.1 strains one month 488 adult participants compared them levels of 35 healthy controls three doses. used Bayesian generalized linear modeling assess factors explaining vaccine-induced hybrid immunity six months last dose. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) immunosuppressive therapy (IT) were identified as sub-optimal responses. The proportion with a normal response NAbs was significantly lower regarding CKD patients controls. By 6-month sampling point, one-third became infected (documented by serology and/or molecular tests), which notably enhanced participants. Impaired responses, especially lineage, suggest limited protection individuals highlight need alternative pharmaceutical preventive strategies. Vaccination strategies should take into account development robust also among immunocompromised.

Language: Английский

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Humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in vasculitis-related immune suppression

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(7)

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Immune suppression poses a challenge to vaccine immunogenicity. We show that serum antibody neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron descendants was largely absent post-doses 1 and 2 in individuals with vasculitis treated rituximab. Detectable increasing neutralizing titers were observed 3 4, except for XBB. Rituximab exacerbates deficits over standard immunosuppressive therapy, although impairment resolves time since dosing. discordance between detectable IgG binding activity specifically the context of rituximab use, high proportions showing reasonable titer but no neutralization. ADCC response more frequently compared rituximab, indicating notable proportion antibodies are non-neutralizing. Therefore, use is associated severe despite repeated vaccinations, better preservation non-neutralizing activity.

Language: Английский

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ORCHESTRA Delphi Consensus: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Management of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 related complications

Progress in molecular biology and translational science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Shielding the immunocompromised: COVID-19 prevention strategies for patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiencies

Vaccine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 51, P. 126853 - 126853

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Language: Английский

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Deep mutational learning for the selection of therapeutic antibodies resistant to the evolution of Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2

Nature Biomedical Engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 5, 2025

Most antibodies for treating COVID-19 rely on binding the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). However, Omicron and its sub-lineages, as well other heavily mutated variants, have rendered many neutralizing ineffective. Here we show that with enhanced resistance to evolution can be identified via deep mutational learning. We constructed a library full-length RBDs BA.1 high distance screened it angiotensin-converting-enzyme-2 receptor antibodies. After deep-sequencing library, used data train ensemble deep-learning models prediction escape panel eight therapeutic antibody candidates targeting diverse range RBD epitopes. By using in silico assess breadth millions sequences, found combinations two complementary viral evolution. Deep learning may enable development remain effective against future variants.

Language: Английский

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Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 IgG in Nursing Home Residents in Belgium Throughout Three BNT162b2 Vaccination Rounds: 19-Month Follow-Up

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 409 - 409

Published: April 15, 2025

Background/Objectives: This study mapped antibody dynamics across three COVID-19 vaccination rounds (primary course, first, and second booster with BNT162b2) in Belgian nursing home residents (NHRs). Methods: Within a national SARS-CoV-2 serosurveillance (February 2021–September 2022) homes, dried blood spots were collected, on which anti-spike IgG antibodies quantified by ELISA international units/mL (IU/mL). Sociodemographic data collected at the start infection history each sampling round. Results: Infection-naïve NHRs had low levels after primary course (geometric mean concentration (GMC) 292 IU/mL, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 197–432), but increased tenfold first (GMC 2168 CI: 1554–3027). While among significantly declined within six months (p < 0.0001), they remained stable for nine post-booster > 0.05). Among vaccine non-responders, 92% 82–97%) developed 594 416–849), though lower than initial responders 4642 3577–6022). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that require tailored vaccination, prioritizing repeated immunization to improve serological outcomes poor such as infection-naive NHRs. Regular immune monitoring could aid implementing evidence-based strategies, ensuring optimal protection vulnerable populations against other infectious threats.

Language: Английский

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Multimorbidity and Serological Response to SARS-CoV-2 Nine Months after 1st Vaccine Dose: European Cohort of Healthcare Workers—Orchestra Project

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 1340 - 1340

Published: Aug. 8, 2023

Understanding antibody persistence concerning multimorbidity is crucial for vaccination policies. Our goal to assess the link between and serological response SARS-CoV-2 nine months post-first vaccine. We analyzed Healthcare Workers (HCWs) from three cohorts Italy, one each Germany, Romania, Slovakia, Spain. Seven groups of chronic diseases were analyzed. included 2941 HCWs (78.5% female, 73.4% ≥ 40 years old). Multimorbidity was present in 6.9% HCWs. The prevalence condition ranged 1.9% (cancer) 10.3% (allergies). Two regression models fitted, considering conditions other whether had ≥2 groups. HCWs, higher 9-months post-vaccine anti-S levels significantly associated with having received doses vaccine (RR = 2.45, CI 1.92–3.13) a prior COVID-19 infection 2.30, 2.15–2.46). Conversely, lower age 0.94, 0.91–0.96), more time since last dose 0.95, 0.94–0.96), 0.89, 0.80–1.00). Hypertension 0.87, 0.80–0.95). vaccines inadequate individuals multimorbidity.

Language: Английский

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