Thioredoxin System in Insects: Uncovering the Roles of Thioredoxins and Thioredoxin Reductase beyond the Antioxidant Defences

Insects, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(10), P. 797 - 797

Published: Oct. 14, 2024

Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during aerobic metabolism in animals can negatively affect the intracellular redox status, cause oxidative stress and interfere with physiological processes cells. The antioxidant defence regulates ROS by interplaying diverse enzymes non-enzymatic metabolites. thioredoxin system, consisting enzyme reductase (TrxR), redox-active protein (Trx) NADPH, represent a crucial component defence. It is involved signalling regulation multiple developmental processes, such as cell proliferation or apoptotic death. Insects have evolved unique variations TrxR, which resemble mammalian overall structure catalytic mechanisms, but selenocysteine-cysteine pair active site replaced cysteine-cysteine typical bacteria. Moreover, role system insects indispensable due to absence glutathione reductase, an essential system. However, functions Trx are still poorly characterised. In present review, we provide critical overview current knowledge on insect focusing mainly TrxR's immune model species.

Language: Английский

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Investigating Aerobic Hive Microflora: Role of Surface Microbiome of Apis Mellifera

Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 88 - 88

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

This study investigated the surface microbiome of honeybee (Apis mellifera), focusing on diversity and functional roles its associated microbial communities. While significance to insect health behavior is increasingly recognized, research invertebrate microbiota lags behind that vertebrates. A combined metagenomic cultivation-based approach was employed characterize bacterial communities inhabiting exoskeleton. Our findings reveal a complex diverse exhibiting significant spatial environmental heterogeneity. The identification antimicrobial compound producers, validated through both culture analyses, including potentially novel Actinobacteria species, underscores potential impact these health, behavior, hive dynamics. contributes more profound ecological understanding microbiome, particularly in winter configuration.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiome Diversity in European Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) from La Union, Northern Luzon, Philippines

Insects, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 112 - 112

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Insects often rely on symbiotic bacteria and fungi for various physiological processes, developmental stages, defenses against parasites diseases. Despite their significance, the associations between bacterial fungal symbionts in Apis mellifera are not well studied, particularly Philippines. In this study, we collected A. from two different sites Municipality of Bacnotan, La Union, A gut microbiome analysis was conducted using next-generation sequencing with Illumina MiSeq platform. Bacterial community compositions were assessed 16S rRNA ITS gene sequences, respectively. Our findings confirm that adult worker bees locations possess distinct but comparably proportioned microbiomes. Key symbionts, including Lactobacillus, Bombilactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Gilliamella, Snodgrassella, Frischella, identified. The dominated by yeasts Zygosaccharomyces Priceomyces. Using ENZYME nomenclature database PICRUSt2 software version 2.5.2, a predicted functional enzyme revealed presence β-glucosidase, catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione transferase, superoxide dismutase, which involved host defense, carbohydrate metabolism, energy support. Additionally, identified notable enzymes, acetyl-CoA carboxylase AMPs nucleosidase. Interestingly, key bee observed to have negative correlation other microbiota. These results provide detailed characterization microbiota associated Philippines lay foundation further metagenomic studies microbiomes native or indigenous species region.

Language: Английский

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Social organization and physical environment shape the microbiome of harvester ants

Animal Microbiome, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: March 19, 2025

All animals harbor microbiomes, which are obtained from the surrounding environment and impacted by host behavior life stage. To determine how two non-mutually exclusive drivers - physical social organization affect an organism's microbiome, we examined bacterial communities within around nests of harvester ants (Veromessor andrei). We collected soil nest content samples five different ant nests. used 16S rRNA gene sequencing calculated alpha beta diversity to compare community composition across samples. test hypotheses that and/or impact colonies' microbes compared our (i) sample types (ants, brood, seeds reproductives (winged alates), soil), (ii) inside outside nest, (iii) chamber types. Interestingly, found both microbiome V. andrei colonies. Soil differed one another in a way mapped onto their geographical distance. Furthermore, resembled soil, supporting hypothesis. However, associated with contents chambers, i.e., ants, seeds, reproductives, hypotheses. This study highlights importance considering environmental factors understanding dynamics.

Language: Английский

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Diet affects reproductive development and microbiota composition in honey bees

Animal Microbiome, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Nov. 5, 2024

Gut microbes are important to the health and fitness of many animals. Many factors have been shown affect gut microbial communities including diet, lifestyle, age. Most animals very complex physiologies, lifestyles, microbiomes, making it virtually impossible disentangle what largest impact on microbiota composition. Honeybees an excellent model study host-microbe interactions due their relatively simple microbiota, experimental tractability, eusociality. Worker honey bees distinct from queen mothers despite being close genetic relatives living in same environment. Queens workers differ numerous ways development, physiology, pheromone production, behavior. In prolonged absence a or Queen Mandibular Pheromones (QMP), some but not all will develop ovaries become "queen-like". Using this inducible developmental change, we aimed determine if diet and/or reproductive development impacts bee workers. Microbiota-depleted newly emerged were inoculated with mixture worker homogenates reared under four conditions varying exposure. Three weeks post-emergence, evaluated for ovary characterized. The proportion developed was increased QMP also when fed (royal jelly). Overall, found that rather than exposure, led more "queen-like" However, revealed alone cannot explain composition hypothesis explains differences between queens rejected. We evidence is one main drivers community compositions fully queens. Thus, predict behavioral other physiological dictate Our findings only contribute our understanding affecting which health, illustrate versatility benefits utilizing honeybees as system interactions.

Language: Английский

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Social organization and physical environment shape the microbiome of harvester ants

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 18, 2024

All animals harbor microbiomes, which are obtained from the surrounding environment and impacted by host behavior life stage. To determine how physical social organization structure an organism's microbiome, we examined microbial communities within around nests of harvester ants (Veromessor andrei). We collected soil nest content samples five different nests. used 16S rRNA gene sequencing calculated alpha beta diversity to compare community composition across samples. compared i) sample types (ants, brood, seeds reproductives, soil), ii) inside outside nest, iii) chamber types. Interestingly, found support that both microbiome V. andrei colonies. Soil differed one another in a way mapped onto their geographical distance. Furthermore, resembled soil, supporting hypothesis. However, microbiomes contents chambers, i.e., ants, seeds, hypotheses. This study highlights importance considering environmental factors understanding dynamics.

Language: Английский

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