Solid-state fermentation of hemp waste: enhancing the performance of Hermetia illucens larvae and altering the composition of hemp secondary metabolites

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Solid-state fermentation (SSF) can increase the nutritional quality of low value substrates for insects. In this study, SSF using different fungal species was applied on a hemp waste substrate, and followed by black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) feeding experiment during which 300 were grown 200 g (20.1% DM) substrate 7–9 days depending treatment. Besides assessing BSFL performance parameters, presence cannabinoids, flavonoids, terpenes assessed through process compared among treatments. The results show that growth parameters varied used. Fermenting with Ganoderma lucidum lead to an in dry yield (4.54 g) untreated (2.86 g), likely due enhancing carbon accessibility substrate. Trichoderma reesei increased cannabidiol ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol mass fractions consequently produced biomass, while decreasing amounts acidic cannabinoids. Both Hypsizygus ulmarius Pleurotus ostreatus effectively removed cannabinoids from This study confirms pre-treating wastes via enhance their and/or reduce bioactive secondary metabolites, offering complementary performances achieving biotechnological goals.

Language: Английский

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A Preliminary Evaluation of the Comparative Efficacy of Gel-Based and Oil-Based CBD on Hematologic and Biochemical Responses in Dogs

Veterinary Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 342 - 342

Published: April 7, 2025

Cannabidiol (CBD) has gained popularity in veterinary medicine for its potential to alleviate stress, pain, and inflammation dogs. However, oral administration is limited by hydrophobicity, variable absorption, extensive first-pass metabolism, which requires optimized delivery methods enhance efficacy. This study investigated the effects of daily supplementation CBD oil gel (each at 4 mg/kg), compared a placebo, over 14 days shelter dogs subjected solitary confinement-induced stress. Both formulations appeared safe under conditions, with no adverse on hematological biochemical parameters. Post-stress cortisol levels were significantly lower CBD-treated groups controls, CBD-infused showing pattern toward greater attenuation. Multivariate analysis revealed distinct blood profile shifts dogs, PCA loadings indicating associations between lymphocyte percentages IgG levels. These findings support gel-based as promising strategy stress modulation Further studies should explore pharmacokinetics long-term immune optimize applications.

Language: Английский

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Daily dosing of cannabidiol (CBD) demonstrates a positive effect on measures of stress in dogs during repeated exposure to car travel

Journal of Animal Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 102

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Dogs are routinely exposed to events that may elicit stress and result in negative emotional states which can impact pet dog welfare. One event many dogs living with people is car travel, displaying behaviors, along corresponding physiological responses, indicative of anxiety. There a range management treatment options exist from behavior modification, drug therapy, supplements, often varying results. The aim this study was evaluate whether multiple doses tetrahydrocannabinol-free cannabidiol (CBD) distillate over period 6 mo could positively influence measures dogs. In blinded, parallel design study, (n = 19) underwent series short journeys (test) where behavioral were collected pre, during, post-test. elicited population dogs, as indicated by significant changes (P < 0.05) several stress-related (serum cortisol, heart rate, rate variability, whining, lip licking, yawning, qualitative ratings) observed baseline test, persisted repeated travel events. mitigating effect CBD varied measure, ratings indicating reduction canine compared the placebo group for at least one time point. Additional research investigating populations stressors required fully understand complex on wellbeing.

Language: Английский

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Pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of cannabidiol in dogs: an update of current knowledge

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: June 30, 2023

In the last 5 years, interest has grown in using phytocannabinoids, particularly cannabidiol (CBD), veterinary medicine to treat several pathologies, including pain, epilepsy, anxiety, nausea, anorexia, skin lesions, and even some types of cancer, among others. Indeed, due a positive perception CBD use, many pet owners are increasingly requesting this option relieve their pets, veterinarians exploring possibility for patients. Besides widespread empiric use research is trying obtain proof its efficacy lack adverse effects know pharmacokinetics define an appropriate posology. This review summarizes all data published so far about canine pharmacokinetics, efficacy, tolerability cannabidiolic acid (CBDA). Despite certain number available pharmacokinetic studies, kinetic profile yet be fully known, probably because very different experimental conditions. terms most studies have tested CBD’ ability osteoarthritic pain. contrast, few evaluated role behavioral disorders, lesions. From obtained results, evidence exists supporting beneficial CBD. Nevertheless, limited occurrence bias almost require caution interpreting findings. side can classified as mild or unremarkable. However, were prevalently focused on short- medium-term treatment, while usually employed long-term treatment. Further warranted better whether could valid adjunct

Language: Английский

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Safety study of cannabidiol products in healthy dogs

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: March 1, 2024

The tolerability of different cannabinoids given orally to dogs was evaluated in a randomized, non-blinded, negative controlled, parallel design 90-day repeat dose study with 14-day recovery period. Healthy beagles (16 males and 16 females) were randomized into four treatment groups treated either medium chain triglyceride oil as the control or one following: broad spectrum cannabidiol, cannabidiol cannabigerol, cannabidiolic acid at 5 mg total cannabinoids/kg body weight/day. Animals observed daily detailed clinical examinations conducted weekly. monitored for an additional 2 weeks after dosing. Body weights, food consumption pathology evaluations included study. Cannabinoids well tolerated when healthy male female dosed 90 consecutive days. Annual post-market surveillance data hemp-derived supplement products sold use from 2010 2023 (partial year) shows that rate per 1 million administrations is 2.10 adverse events 0.01 serious events. Based on results this study, other published studies, extensive surveillance, are mg/kg

Language: Английский

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Healthy cats tolerate long-term daily feeding of Cannabidiol

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Cannabidiol (CBD)-containing products are widely commercially available for companion animals, mirroring popularity in human use. Although data on the safety and efficacy of long-term oral supplementation increasing dogs, evidence remains lacking cats. The purpose these studies was to address gaps knowledge around suitability tolerance a tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-free CBD distillate clinically healthy were randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled. first study supplemented cats with either placebo oil ( n = 10) or 4 mg/kg body weight (BW) 9) daily, meal, weeks. concentration plasma measured over h at d0 (first dose) again d14 (after 2 weeks daily dosing). second BW period 26 A comprehensive suite physiological health measures performed throughout baseline (week 0) after 4, 10, 18, feeding, followed by 4-week washout sample 30). Postprandial time course data, both d14, showed peak dose. This 251 (95% CI: 108.7, 393.4) 431 CI, 288.7, 573.4) ng/mL respectively, area under curve higher 91.5 33.1, 149.9) ng-h/mL p 0.002). While group displayed increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT; 68.7 43.23, 109.2) U/L) week compared control [1.44-fold increase 0.813, 2.54)], statistical equivalence (at 2-fold limits) found ALT across duration second, study. All other biochemistry hematology no significant differences between supplement groups. Data presented here suggest that THC-free, fed dose absorbed into well tolerated when

Language: Английский

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CBD for pets: navigating quality assurance, safety standards, and marketing strategies

Journal of Cannabis Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Abstract As the human cannabinoid (CBD) market grows, there is an inevitable transfer of same or similar products into veterinary sector. Advances in medicine and care companion animals has led to extended life expectancy consequently, increased incidence age-related chronic conditions that compromise quality life. CBD may alleviate these conditions. Research for animal species on rise, however, we found are no licensed available due a lack appropriate testing and/or data. Here outline data show regulatory, safety considerations around needs further consideration this encompasses many currently market. Changes regulations research assurance paramount distribution safe applicable animals.

Language: Английский

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Behavioral observations, heart rate and cortisol monitoring in horses following multiple oral administrations of a cannabidiol containing paste (part 2/2)

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

As a remedy against stress and anxiety, cannabidiol (CBD) products are of increasing interest in veterinary medicine. Limited data is available describing the actual effectiveness CBD horses. The aim this study (part 2 2) was to analyze parameters via behavioral observation, heart rate monitoring assessment blood saliva cortisol levels healthy horses treated repeatedly with containing paste. Twelve were randomly assigned treatment or control group. Two pastes orally administered double-blinded design, one paste without active ingredient. Both twice daily over 15 days (dose: 3 mg CBD/kg). Behavioral observations conducted using sedation score rating facial expressions, based on previously described scale for (FaceSed) Horse Grimace Scale. Blood samples obtained regularly determine throughout study. Cortisol analyzed by means liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). compared between groups. Prior administration, novel object test performed horses’ reaction loading trailer recorded. tests repeated after 13 application. Movement patterns such as different gaits during evaluated an ethogram designed assess exhibited traits. Cardiac beat-to-beat (R-R) intervals recorded (HR) variability (HRV) parameters. analysis taken before tests. Daily did not differ Similarly, movement patterns, HR, HRV identify significant differences Regularly oral (3 mg/kg BID days) had no statistically effect observations, levels, HR Further research required establish adequate doses indications use

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of indicators of acute emotional states in dogs

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: March 17, 2024

Abstract A complete assessment of animal welfare requires not just an understanding negative emotional states, such as fear and anxiety, but also positive calmness happiness. However, few studies have identified accurate reliable indicators states in dogs. This study aimed to identify parameters that may serve short-term Using a cross-over design, 60 dogs living at research facility were exposed six different 10-min scenarios expected elicit responses varying valence arousal. range behavioural physiological collected their relationship anticipated arousal was analysed using linear logistic mixed models. Cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone, heart rate variability, panting, whining, body shake all demonstrated significant differences based on levels, only within scenarios. Scores from qualitative (QBA) associated with both considered the best indicator valence. Activity, ear temperature, sitting high arousal, although this been influenced by differing levels movement induced during these Meanwhile, rate, secretory immunoglobulin A, standing lying showed similar changes for provides critical first step towards identifying evidence-based dogs, while highlighting considerations should be made when employing parameters, including influence coder bias, food provision, exercise, external temperature. Overall, it is recommended future dog emotion use combination

Language: Английский

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Cannabidiol plasma determination and pharmacokinetics conducted at beginning, middle and end of long-term supplementation of a broad-spectrum hemp oil to healthy adult dogs

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Sept. 29, 2023

Veterinary hemp products containing cannabidiol (CBD) and negligible psychoactive (THC) have increased popularity since (with <0.3% THC) was removed from schedule 1 substances under the Controlled Substances Act in 2018. This accompanied by CBD research, mostly on short-term safety efficacy for inflammatory neurological conditions. It is imperative to understand how metabolized or accumulated body long-term, thus goal of present work determine monthly plasma concentrations, as well changes pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters chronically dosed dogs.

Language: Английский

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