The Challenge of Global Warming in Water Buffalo Farming: Physiological and Behavioral Aspects and Strategies to Face Heat Stress
Animals,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(19), P. 3103 - 3103
Published: Oct. 5, 2023
Water
buffaloes
have
morphological
and
behavioral
characteristics
for
efficient
thermoregulation.
However,
their
health,
welfare,
productive
performance
can
be
affected
by
GW.
The
objective
of
this
review
was
to
analyze
the
adverse
effects
GW
on
behavior
health
water
buffaloes.
physiological,
morphological,
species
were
discussed
understand
impact
climate
change
extreme
meteorological
events
buffaloes’
In
addition,
management
strategies
in
buffalo
farms,
as
well
use
infrared
thermography
a
method
recognize
heat
stress
buffaloes,
addressed.
We
concluded
that
causes
energy
mobilization
restore
animal
homeostasis.
Preventing
hyperthermia
limits
endocrine,
changes
so
they
return
thermoneutrality.
fans,
sprinklers,
foggers,
natural
sources
are
appropriate
additions
current
facilities,
could
used
monitor
thermal
states
Language: Английский
A Review of the Rumen Microbiota and the Different Molecular Techniques Used to Identify Microorganisms Found in the Rumen Fluid of Ruminants
Animals,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(10), P. 1448 - 1448
Published: May 13, 2024
Variations
in
environments,
including
climate,
diet,
and
agricultural
practices,
significantly
impact
the
composition
microbial
activity.
A
profound
understanding
of
these
adaptations
allows
for
improvement
nutrition
ruminant
production.
Therefore,
this
review
aims
to
compile
data
from
literature
on
rumen
microbiota
molecular
techniques
identifying
different
types
microorganisms
fluid
ruminants.
Analyzing
microbiology
ruminants
is
complex
due
interactions,
influenced
by
environment
animals.
In
addition,
it
worth
noting
that
genera
protozoa
fungi
most
evident
studies
used
were
Entodinium
spp.
Aspergillus
spp.,
respectively,
Fibrobacter
bacteria.
About
used,
can
be
seen
DNA
extraction,
amplification,
sequencing
cited
evaluated.
describes
what
present
provides
an
overview
main
agents
used.
Language: Английский
Thermographic Profiles in Livestock Systems under Full Sun and Shaded Pastures during an Extreme Climate Event in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil: El Niño of 2023
Animals,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(6), P. 855 - 855
Published: March 11, 2024
The
El
Niño
represents
a
substantial
threat
to
pastures,
affecting
the
availability
of
water,
forage
and
compromising
sustainability
grazing
areas,
especially
in
northern
region
Brazil.
Therefore,
objective
this
study
was
characterize
thermographic
profile
three
production
systems
Eastern
Amazon,
conducted
on
rural
cattle
farm
Mojuí
dos
Campos,
Pará,
Brazil,
between
August
November
2023.
experiment
involved
livestock
systems,
including
traditional,
silvopastoral
integrated,
with
different
conditions
shade
access
bathing
area.
An
infrared
(IRT)
camera
used,
recording
temperatures
zones,
such
as
areas
trees,
pastures
exposed
pastures.
highest
mean
(p
=
0.02)
were
observed
full
sun
from
November.
On
other
hand,
lowest
average
recorded
shaded
by
chestnut
trees
(Bertholletia
excelsa).
temperature
ranges
found
sunny
areas.
pasture
sun,
while
<
0.0001).
interaction
treatments
revealed
significant
differences
0.0001),
native
showing
an
35.9
°C,
lower
than
grasses
soil,
which
reached
61.2
°C.
This
research
concludes
that,
under
Brazil
nut
had
temperatures,
demonstrating
effectiveness
shade.
Native
compared
showed
ability
create
cooler
environments,
highlighting
positive
influence
species
sheep,
goats
cattle.
Language: Английский
Characterization of Thermal Patterns Using Infrared Thermography and Thermolytic Responses of Cattle Reared in Three Different Systems during the Transition Period in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil
Animals,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(17), P. 2735 - 2735
Published: Aug. 28, 2023
In
the
Lower
Amazon
mesoregion,
there
are
basically
three
types
of
production
systems:
traditional
(without
shade
and
no
bathing
area),
silvopastoral
(with
integrated
area).
It
is
considered
that
type
system
influences
thermal
comfort
productivity
cattle,
so
this
research
aims
to
evaluate
influence
these
systems
on
thermoregulation
Nellore
cattle.
The
experiment
was
carried
out
a
rural
property
for
raising
located
in
Mojuí
dos
Campos,
Pará,
Brazil,
during
transition
period
(June/July).
Thirty
bovine
males
(not
castrated,
aged
between
18
20
months,
average
weight
250
±
36
kg,
body
condition
score
3.5,
clinically
healthy)
were
randomly
divided
into
groups:
Silvopastoral
System-SS
(n
=
10),
Traditional
System-TS
Integrated
System-IS
10).
Climate
variables
collected
(air
temperature
(AT
°C),
relative
humidity
(RH
%),
wind
speed
(WS,
m/s),
solar
radiation
(SR),
black
globe
(BGT
physiological
parameters,
such
as
respiratory
rate
(RR)
rectal
(RT))
at
6
a.m.,
12
p.m.,
a.m.
determine
situation
animals.
Thermographic
images
environment
animals
captured
order
obtain
surface
(BST)
through
infrared
thermography.
Benezra
Thermal
Comfort
Index
(BTCI),
Environmental
Stress
(ESI),
Equivalent
Temperature
(ETI),
Iberian
Heat
Tolerance
(Iberian
HTI)
used.
results
showed
system,
with
shading
by
chestnut
trees
an
ample
vegetative
area,
presented
better
conditions,
28.98
°C,
comparison
(35.93
°C)
one
(34.11
°C).
observed
cattle
did
not
differ
significantly
anatomical
regions
studied
(p
>
0.05).
As
rate,
registered
higher
values,
41
movements
per
minute,
indicating
possible
stress
<
indices
revealed
all
moderate
conditions
times
intensity.
concluded
proved
be
more
favorable
providing
reducing
stress,
which
may
have
positive
impact
animal
welfare
region.
Language: Английский
A new proposal for the use of the focal animal technique in buffaloes in the Eastern Amazon
Frontiers in Veterinary Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
10
Published: Nov. 8, 2023
This
study
aims
to
present
a
proposal
for
using
the
focal
animal
recording
technique
evaluate
welfare
of
buffaloes
and
verify
association
between
each
behavior
thermal
comfort
indices.
The
was
conducted
in
an
experimental
paddock
located
Santarém,
Pará,
Brazil.
A
total
10
female
Murrah
animals
were
used.
recorded
during
day,
with
use
three
trained
observers,
72
consecutive
h.
Climatic
variables
collected,
Temperature-Humidity
Index
(THI)
practical
Buffalo
Comfort
Conditions
(BCCCIp)
determined.
multivariate
principal
components
Spearman's
correlation
employed.
BCCCIp
THI
outside
zone
at
different
times
day.
Grazing
(P)
more
frequent
coldest
hours
while
rumination
occurred
periods,
mainly
daytime
frequently
lying
position.
There
positive
idle
average
temperature-Tmed
(r
=
0.583;
p
<
0.028),
0.432;
0.034),
0.554;
0.049).
grazing
Tmed
0.665;
0.0004)
0.036).
standing
negatively
correlated
-0.718;
0.0001),
-0.522;
0.008),
-0.8076;
0.0008).
ruminating
had
0.586;
0.002),
0.477;
0.018),
0.8033;
0.0009).
Furthermore,
positively
0.680;
0.0003).
adaptation
technique,
six
observers
evaluating
6
min
through
filming,
proved
be
efficient
pointing
out
behaviors
buffalo
raised
Eastern
Amazon
fields
under
heat
stress
Language: Английский
Analysis of the climatic trends and heat stress periods for ruminants rearing in Bangladesh
Veterinary and Animal Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
24, P. 100359 - 100359
Published: May 13, 2024
The
production
of
ruminant
livestock
is
greatly
impacted
by
climate
change,
as
it
anticipated
to
jeopardise
food
security
due
the
increasing
heat
stress
experienced
animals,
which
can
be
measured
using
Temperature
Humidity
Index
(THI).
objective
our
study
was
analyze
climatic
patterns,
identify
influential
variables
and
evaluate
episodes
through
utilization
THI
establish
a
rearing
system
for
ruminants
in
Bangladesh.
value
determined
analyzing
meteorological
station
data
spanning
from
1995
2022
across
various
zones
Mann-Kendall
evaluation
used
patterns
throughout
study.
Our
findings
indicated
that
problems
are
expected
occur
Bangladesh
when
exceeds
74,
particularly
February
December.
severity
Language: Английский
Effects of Climatic Conditions and Supplementation with Palm Cake on the Thermoregulation of Crossbred Buffaloes Raised in a Rotational Grazing System and with Natural Shade in Humid Tropical Regions
Animals,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14(1), P. 53 - 53
Published: Dec. 22, 2023
In
ruminants,
diet
composition
has
a
positive
correlation
with
heat
production,
which
can
influence
thermoregulation,
energy
expenditure
and,
consequently,
animal
performance.
The
objective
of
this
work
was
to
evaluate
the
effects
climatic
conditions
and
supplementation
based
on
palm
kernel
cake,
thermoregulation
crossbred
buffaloes
in
eastern
Amazon.
research
carried
out
at
Embrapa
Amazônia
Oriental
(01°26′
S
48°24′
W),
Belém,
Pará,
lasted
12
months
(representing
entire
year).
Twenty-four
buffaloes,
females,
initial
age
an
average
weight
54
±
7
503.1
23
kg,
respectively,
non-pregnant,
non-lactating
clinically
healthy
were
used,
divided
into
four
treatments
content
cake
(%DM)
relation
their
body
(%):
0,
0.25,
0.50
1.0.
animals
kept
paddocks
Brachiaria
brizantha
(cv.
Marandu),
rotating
system,
water
drink
mineral
salt
ad
libitum.
Equipment
installed
record
environmental
data
(temperature
relative
humidity,
dew
point
temperature,
wet
bulb
black
globe)
physiological
data:
rectal
temperature
(RT);
respiratory
rate
(RR);
surface
(BST),
recorded
twice
day,
always
morning
(6:00
a.m.
7:00
a.m.)
afternoon
(12:00
p.m.
1:00
p.m.)
shifts,
used
calculate
Globe
Temperature
Humidity
Index
(GTHI).
Supplementation
did
not
variables
(p
>
0.05).
However,
there
differences
GTHI
between
higher
means
shift,
especially
less
rainy
period
year,
where
reached
92.06
2.74
<
all
periods
mean
values
RT,
RR
BST
shift
(RR)
is
associated
annual
seasonality
thermal
waters,
averages
afternoons
season.
for
indicated
that
respond
elevations
atmosphere
(afternoon
period)
reflect
GTHI.
does
thermoregulation;
changes
observed
occurred
response
region’s
rainfall
(mainly
shift),
values.
Language: Английский
The Characterization of Pastures by Grazing Cycle and Evaluation of Supplementation with Agro-Industry Co-Products on the Performance of Buffaloes in the Humid Tropics
Animals,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(6), P. 879 - 879
Published: March 13, 2024
The
objective
was
to
characterize
the
pastures
by
grazing
cycle,
as
well
evaluate
performance
of
buffaloes
in
intensive
rotational
a
silvopastoral
system
eastern
Amazon
supplemented
with
agro-industry
co-products
order
cycles,
composition
fractions,
and
carcass
yield.
Fifteen
non-castrated,
crossbred
water
(Murrah
×
Mediterranean)
were
used.
All
animals
used
study
clinically
healthy
weighed
approximately
458
kg.
grazed
single
group,
supplementation
(1%
live
weight—LW/day)
divided
into
three
treatments:
control
(control—conventional
ingredients);
Cocos
nucifera
coconut
cake
(Cocos
nucifera)
(coconut
cake—70%);
palm
kernel
(Guinean
elaeis)
(palm
cake—70%
cake).
chemical
forage
is
different
each
part
plant,
higher
protein
values
leaves
(11.40%)
acid
detergent
fiber
(ADF)
stems
(50.03%).
Among
ingredients
supplement,
corn
has
highest
percentage
indigestible
(35.57%),
most
B3
(49.11%),
Coco,
B2
(51.52%).
Mombasa
grass
proteins;
fraction
lower
(17.16%).
leaf/stem
ratio
also
varied
between
being
better
second
cycle
(2.11%)
an
overall
average
1.71.
Supplement
consumption
cycles
treatment,
mean
4.74.
There
no
difference
daily
weight
gain
yield,
1
kg/day
49.23%,
respectively.
Therefore,
it
can
be
concluded
that
including
supplements
based
on
by-products
from
oil
agro-industries
promotes
yields
compatible
conventional
supplements.
Their
use
reduces
production
costs,
optimizes
utilization
mass,
enhances
sustainability
chain,
and,
therefore,
recommended.
Language: Английский
Thermal Comfort of Nelore Cattle (Bos indicus) Managed in Silvopastoral and Traditional Systems Associated with Rumination in a Humid Tropical Environment in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil
Veterinary Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11(6), P. 236 - 236
Published: May 23, 2024
The
objective
of
this
study
was
to
evaluate
the
thermal
comfort
Nelore
cattle
(Bos
indicus)
managed
in
silvopastoral
and
traditional
systems
associated
with
rumination
behavior
a
humid
tropical
environment
Eastern
Amazon,
Brazil.
carried
out
on
rural
property
Mojuí
dos
Campos,
Pará,
Brazil,
during
transition
period
year,
from
June
July
2023.
Over
these
two
months,
six
consecutive
data
collection
days
were
held.
We
selected
20
clinically
healthy
non-castrated
male
cattle,
aged
between
18
an
average
weight
250
kg
body
condition
score
3.5
(1–5).
These
animals
randomly
divided
into
groups:
system
(TS)
(SS).
physiological
variables
evaluated
included
RR,
RT
BST.
analyzed
using
linear
mixed
model.
For
agrometeorological
variables,
higher
values
observed
10:00
a.m.
(33
°C)
6:00
p.m.
(30
°C),
highest
temperature
at
4:00
(40
°C).
RR
showed
interactions
(p
=
0.0214)
times;
general,
obtained
Traditional.
animals’
no
significant
difference
<
0.05)
production
systems,
but
there
statistically
relation
time
0.0001).
In
BGHI,
it
possible
observe
that
mild
stress
22:00
night
morning
moderate
greatest
increase
temperature,
18:00
night.
BST
statistical
regions
studied
or
SP
(35.6
TS
(36.25
systems.
positive
correlation
AT
(r
0.31507;
p
0.0477).
THI
35583;
0.0242).
On
other
hand,
0.42873;
0.0058)
ST
0.51015;
0.0008)
BGHI.
BGHI
0.44908;
0.0037).
amounts
by
system,
generally
ruminating
lying
down
0.05).
With
regard
afternoon,
numbers
WS
LD
>
Most
time,
afternoon
shifts,
dawn
they
TS.
Therefore,
offers
more
advantages
compared
system.
Language: Английский
Characterization of the Temperament and Reactivity of Nelore Cattle (Bos indicus) Associated with Behavior Scores during Corral Management in the Humid Tropics
Animals,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(12), P. 1769 - 1769
Published: June 12, 2024
The
evaluation
of
the
reactivity
and
distress
cattle
during
corral
management,
by
means
subjective
scores,
aims
at
standardization
behavioral
indicators,
through
non-invasive
methods,
in
addition
to
enabling
development
more
appropriate
management
practices,
thus
promoting
comfort
well-being
these
animals.
Therefore,
this
study,
we
aimed
characterize
temperament
managed
a
using
indicators
rainiest
period.
For
this,
experiment
was
conducted
on
property
located
municipality
Mojuí
dos
Campos,
quarter
(February–April).
Thus,
30
male
cattle,
not
castrated,
approximately
29
months
age,
clinically
healthy,
weighing
310
+
20
kg,
were
divided
into
three
rearing
systems:
silvopastoral
(SP),
traditional
(SS),
integrated
(SI)
systems.
There
10
animals
per
system.
Physiological
parameters
collected
evaluate
rectal
temperature
(RT)
respiratory
rate
(RR),
as
well
body
surface
(BST),
thermal
windows
(head
flank
infrared
rump
temperature).
To
reactivity,
scores
indicative
behavior
used,
namely
escape
speed
(ES),
tension
score
(SS_1),
(SS_2),
scale
(RS),
movement
(MS),
(TS).
results
showed
that
there
amplitude
5.9
°C
average
8.6
maximum
when
comparing
structure
trees.
In
addition,
comparisons
between
production
systems
for
variables
did
differ
5%
significance
level,
except
ES,
where
system
differed
from
system,
showing
intermediate
values
both.
positive
correlation
RT
RR
(r
=
0.72;
p
<
0.01),
SS_2
0.38;
0.04),
MS
0.47;
RS
0.37;
SS_1
0.41;
0.02),
0.39;
0.03),
0.58;
0.00),
0.50;
TS
0.61;
0.51;
0.44;
negative
ES
−0.42;
0.02).
rainy
season
had
major
influence
levels
handling
corral,
evidenced
association
physiological
parameters.
Language: Английский