Wheat quality: A review on chemical composition, nutritional attributes, grain anatomy, types, classification, and function of seed storage proteins in bread making quality

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Feb. 24, 2023

Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) belonging to one of the most diverse and substantial families, Poaceae, is principal cereal crop for majority world’s population. This polyploidy in nature domestically grown worldwide. source approximately half food calories consumed worldwide rich proteins (gluten), minerals (Cu, Mg, Zn, P, Fe), vitamins (B-group E), riboflavin, niacin, thiamine, dietary fiber. seed-storage represent an important energy play a major role determination bread-making quality. The two groups wheat grain proteins, i.e., gliadins glutenins, have been widely studied using SDS-PAGE other techniques. Sustainable production with little input chemicals along high nutritional quality its precise ultimate uses human diet are focus areas improvement. An expansion hereditary base varieties must be considered breeding program. It may accomplished several ways, such as use plant genetic resources, comprising wild relatives landraces, germplasm-assisted through advanced genomic tools, application modern methods, genome editing. In this review, we critically on phytochemical composition, reproduction growth, types, quality, seed storage protein, recent challenges discuss possible ways forward combat those issues.

Language: Английский

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Boosting wheat functional genomics via an indexed EMS mutant library of KN9204

Plant Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(4), P. 100593 - 100593

Published: March 21, 2023

A better understanding of wheat functional genomics can improve targeted breeding for agronomic traits and environmental adaptation. However, the lack gene-indexed mutants low transformation efficiency limit in-depth gene studies genetic manipulation breeding. In this study, we created a library KN9204, popular variety in northern China, with reference genome, transcriptome, epigenome different tissues, using ethyl methyl sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis. This contains vast developmental diversity critical tissues transition stages. Exome capture sequencing 2090 mutant lines KN9204 genome-designed probes revealed that 98.79% coding genes had mutations, each line an average 1383 EMS-type SNPs. We identified new allelic variations crucial trait-related such as Rht-D1, Q, TaTB1, WFZP. tested 100 severe mutations 80 NAC transcription factors (TFs) under drought salinity stress 13 altered sensitivity. Further analysis three transcriptome chromatin accessibility data hundreds direct targets patterns salt or stress, including SNAC1, DREB2B, CML16, ZFP182, known to respond abiotic stress. Thus, have generated indexed EMS facilitate research offer resources wheat.

Language: Английский

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Evolution of wheat architecture, physiology, and metabolism during domestication and further cultivation: Lessons for crop improvement

The Crop Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 1080 - 1096

Published: July 18, 2023

In recent decades, genetic advances in yield improvement the major cereal crops, including wheat, has stagnated or proceeded at a slower rate than is required to meet future global food demand, particularly face of climate change. To reverse this situation, and view scenario, there need increase diversity wheat its productivity, quality, stability, adaptation local agro-environments. The abundant resources literature are basis for improvement. However, many species, such as wild relatives, landraces, old cultivars have not been studied beyond their agronomic characteristics, highlighting lack understanding physiological metabolic processes (and integration) associated with higher productivity resilience limiting environments. Retrospective studies using ancestors modern may identify novel traits that previously considered, underestimated, during domestication breeding, but contribute security. This review describes existing changes occurred considers whether mining natural variation among offers an opportunity enhance performance, spike architecture, canopy- organ-level photosynthetic capacity, responses abiotic stress, well develop new hybrids.

Language: Английский

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Genome sequencing of Sitopsis species provides insights into their contribution to the B subgenome of bread wheat

Plant Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(4), P. 100567 - 100567

Published: Feb. 28, 2023

Wheat (Triticum aestivum, BBAADD) is an allohexaploid species that originated from two polyploidization events. The progenitors of the A and D subgenomes have been identified as Triticum urartu Aegilops tauschii, respectively. Current research suggests speltoides closest but not direct ancestor B subgenome. However, whether Ae. has contributed genomically to wheat subgenome which chromosome regions are conserved between remain unclear. Here, we assembled a high-quality reference genome for speltoides, resequenced 53 accessions seven (Aegilops bicornis, longissima, searsii, sharonensis, mutica [syn. Amblyopyrum muticum], dicoccoides) revealed their genomic contributions Our results showed centromeric were particularly 0.17 Gb blocks We classified five groups non-conserved genes Triticum, revealing biological characteristics, differentiation in gene expression patterns, collinear relationships also families expanded during its evolution 789 specific speltoides. These can serve genetic resources improvement adaptability biotic abiotic stress. newly constructed large-scale resequencing data Sitopsis will provide valuable resource studies.

Language: Английский

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Wheat Genetic Resources

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

In order to continue humanity, we need feed the growing population and practice agriculture in harmony with changing environmental conditions. For this reason, require high-yielding cultivars capable of withstanding stress factors. The only solution developing these varieties is utilization genetic resources. Among all plants, wheat stands out as most important plant resource. Being first cultivated by humans, owes its status high adaptability diverse Hence, it has been grown for thousands years almost any climate region, becoming primary food source humans due ease cultivation rich nutrient content. Local their wild relatives possess gene resistant both biotic abiotic Plants face various stresses such drought, cold, heat, diseases, pests, global warming. Wild local populations farmers stressed regions extended periods have acquired ability cope gained significance not resistance/tolerance factors but also suitability meet nutritional habits needs today. Despite lower yields, enthusiasts some grow varieties. Scientific studies on resources carried many years. Although collections amassed worldwide, conservation efforts varieties, especially hands farmers, recently started gain importance. Just past, value will increase future.

Language: Английский

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Coping with salinity stress: segmental group 7 chromosome introgressions from halophytic Thinopyrum species greatly enhance tolerance of recipient durum wheat

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: April 29, 2024

Increased soil salinization, tightly related to global warming and drought exacerbated by intensified irrigation supply, implies highly detrimental effects on staple food crops such as wheat. The situation is particularly alarming for durum wheat (DW), better adapted arid/semi-arid environments yet more sensitive salt stress than bread (BW). To enhance DW salinity tolerance, we resorted chromosomally engineered materials with introgressions from allied halophytic Thinopyrum species. “Primary” recombinant lines (RLs), having portions of their 7AL arms distally replaced 7el 1 L Th. ponticum segments, “secondary” RLs, harboring elongatum 7EL insertions “nested” into in addition near-isogenic lacking any alien segment (CLs), cv. Om Rabia (OR) tolerant control, BW introgression either most or the complete 7E chromosome substitution additional CLs, were subjected moderate (100 mM) intense (200 (NaCl) at early growth stages. applied altered cell cycle progression, determining a general increase cells G1 reduction S phase. Assessment morpho-physiological biochemical traits overall showed that presence spp. segments was associated considerably increased tolerance versus its absence. For relative water content, Na + accumulation K retention roots leaves, oxidative indicators (malondialdehyde hydrogen peroxide) antioxidant enzyme activities, observed differences between stressed unstressed RLs CLs similar magnitude “primary” types, suggesting factors might reside defined shared portion(s). Nonetheless, incremental contribution emerged various instances, greatly mitigating root leaf quantity photosynthetic pigments, boosting compatible solutes minimizing decrease powerful like ascorbate. seemingly synergistic effect segments/genes made able often exceed OR equal perform lines. Thus, transfer suite genes germplasm use fine engineering strategies may well be way forward glycophytes, even DW.

Language: Английский

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An Analysis of Genetic Variability and Population Structure in Wheat Germplasm Using Microsatellite and Gene-Based Markers

Plants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 1205 - 1205

Published: April 29, 2022

Knowledge of the natural patterns genetic variation and their evolutionary basis is required for sustainable management conservation wheat germplasm. In current study, diversity population structure 100 individuals from four Triticum Aegilops species (including T. aestivum, Ae. tauschii, cylindrica, crassa) were investigated using two gene-based markers (start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphism CAAT-box derived (CBDP)) simple-sequence repeats (SSRs). The SCoT, CBDP, SSR yielded 76, 116, 48 fragments, respectively. CBDP marker had greater efficiency than SCoT due to its higher content information (PIC), resolving power (Rp), index (MI). Based on an analysis molecular variance (AMOVA) performed all systems combined data, there was a distribution within among them. cylindrica tauschii highest values parameters. A cluster each system data showed that in grouping tested accessions, such results principal coordinate (PCoA) confirmed obtained clustering patterns. Hence, combining with polymorphic may be useful fingerprinting fine mapping association germplasm various agronomic traits or tolerance mechanisms environmental stresses.

Language: Английский

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Surveying and mapping cereals and legumes wild relatives in Mount Hermon (Bekaa, Lebanon)

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) should be highly prioritized, monitored, and conserved as they have an immense effect on sustainability livelihood. In this study we aim to survey map cereal legume wild relatives of Fabaceae Poaceae families. Mount Hermon, Bekaa side, Lebanon. A set 46 CWR species were targeted based desk selection analysis prioritization by the International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas genebank their potential importance breeding programs. botanical 17 sites various habitats Hermon was performed during April–June 2021 using a systematic transect/quadrate sampling method. Recorded genera accurately georeferenced then mapped with DIVA‐GIS program. total, 854 occurrences observed belonging 34 12 Poaceae. High H′ Shannon diversity values recorded three (Al Fakiaa, Sham El Hafour Ain Ata‐ al Berke) ranking between 2.45 2.83. This confirmed richness distribution maps species. Richness provide relevant clues candidate high concentrations each under study. At least sites, hosting 87% surveyed CWR's species, can considered further situ conservation actions.

Language: Английский

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Physiological and molecular responses of wild relatives of wheat possessing the D genome to salinity stress

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 11, 2024

Language: Английский

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The mutation atlas of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera): a mutation database resource for natural knockouts

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

Giant kelp ( Macrocystis pyrifera ) is a paramount species of immense ecological and economic importance. It forms dense underwater forests, providing crucial habitat serving as foundation for diverse marine ecosystems. Understanding the genetics giant essential conservation sustainable farming, safeguarding these valuable ecosystems their benefits. By analyzing mutations based on impact, we can gain insights into potential functional consequences implications organism, helping to identify critical genes or regions that may play significant role in adaptation, development, environmental response. To achieve this, annotated effects impact spontaneous 559 individuals from four different populations. We found over 15.9 million kelp, classified them modifier, low, moderate, high depending predicted effects. The creation this mutation effect database, attached seedbank individuals, offers several applications, including enhancing breeding programs, aiding genetic engineering with naturally occurring mutations, developing strategies mitigate changes.

Language: Английский

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