The Plant Journal,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
105(5), P. 1274 - 1292
Published: Dec. 3, 2020
Pathogens
secrete
effector
proteins
into
host
cells
to
suppress
immunity
and
promote
pathogen
virulence,
although
many
features
at
the
molecular
interface
of
host-pathogen
interactions
remain
be
characterized.
In
a
yeast
two-hybrid
assay,
we
found
that
Pseudomonas
syringae
HopZ1a
interacts
with
Arabidopsis
transcriptional
regulator
Abscisic
Acid
Repressor
1
(ABR1).
Further
analysis
revealed
ABR1
multiple
P.
effectors,
suggesting
it
may
targeted
as
susceptibility
hub.
Indeed,
loss-of-function
abr1
mutants
exhibit
reduced
number
strains.
The
protein
comprises
conserved
APETALA2
(AP2)
domain
flanked
by
long
regions
predicted
structural
disorder.
We
verified
DNA-binding
activity
AP2
demonstrated
disordered
domains
act
redundantly
enhance
DNA
binding
facilitate
activation
ABR1.
Finally,
compared
gene
expression
profiles
from
wild-type
plants
following
inoculation
syringae,
which
suggested
is
due
loss
virulence
target
rather
than
an
enhanced
immune
response.
These
data
highlight
functionally
important
component
interface.
Agronomy,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
8(11), P. 267 - 267
Published: Nov. 19, 2018
Agricultural
productivity
depends
on
increasingly
extreme
weather
phenomena,
and
the
use
of
germplasm
that
has
to
be
continuously
improved
by
plant
breeders
become
tolerant
various
biotic
abiotic
stresses.
Molecular
biologists
try
understand
mechanisms
associated
with
stress
responses
provide
knowledge
could
used
in
breeding
programs.
To
a
partial
overview
about
our
current
understanding
molecular
physiological
responses,
how
this
can
agriculture,
we
have
edited
special
issue
“Biotic
Abiotic
Stress
Responses
Crop
Plants”.
Contributions
are
from
different
fields
including
heat
during
drought
salinity,
as
well
flooding,
resistance
susceptibility
pathogenetic
stresses
role
functional
metabolites
responses.
Future
research
demand
particular
areas
crop
physiology
is
discussed,
importance
translational
investigations
directly
elite
plants
genetic
resources
available
for
breeding.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: Feb. 24, 2021
The
use
of
pathogen-resistant
cultivars
is
expected
to
increase
yield
and
decrease
fungicide
in
agriculture.
However,
potato
breeding,
increased
resistance
obtained
via
genes
(R-genes)
hampered
because
R-gene(s)
are
often
specific
for
a
pathogen
race
can
be
quickly
overcome
by
the
evolution
pathogen.
In
parallel,
susceptibility
(S-genes)
important
pathogenesis,
loss
S-gene
function
confers
several
plants,
such
as
rice,
wheat,
citrus
tomatoes.
this
article,
we
present
mutation
screening
seven
putative
S-genes
potatoes,
including
two
DMR6
homologues.
Using
CRISPR/Cas9
system,
which
conferred
co-expression
guide
RNAs,
tetra-allelic
deletion
mutants
were
generated
against
late
blight
was
assayed
plants.
Functional
knockouts
StDND1,
StCHL1,
DMG400000582
(StDMR6-1)
potatoes
with
blight.
Plants
mutated
StDND1
showed
pleiotropic
effects,
whereas
StDMR6-1
StCHL1
plants
did
not
exhibit
any
growth
phenotype,
making
them
good
candidates
further
agricultural
studies.
Additionally,
that
DMG401026923
(here
denoted
StDMR6-2)
knockout
demonstrate
resistance,
but
exhibited
indicating
StDMR6-2
have
different
functions.
To
best
our
knowledge,
first
report
on
Frontiers in Plant Science,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
10
Published: July 30, 2019
Sedentary
endoparasitic
nematodes,
such
as
root-knot
nematodes
(RKN;
Meloidogyne
spp.)
and
cyst
(CN;
Heterodera
spp.
Globodera
cause
considerable
damage
to
agricultural
crops.
RKN
CN
spend
most
of
their
life
cycle
in
plant
roots,
which
they
induce
the
formation
multinucleate
hypertrophied
feeding
cells,
called
"giant
cells"
"syncytia,"
respectively.
The
giant
cells
result
from
nuclear
divisions
vascular
without
cytokinesis.
They
are
surrounded
by
small
dividing
form
a
new
organ
within
root
known
knot
or
gall.
infection
leads
fusion
several
into
unique
syncytium.
These
dramatically
modified
host
act
metabolic
sinks
nematode
withdraws
nutrients
throughout
its
life,
thus
essential
for
development.
Both
secrete
effector
proteins
that
synthesized
oesophageal
glands
delivered
appropriate
cell
via
syringe-like
stylet,
triggering
ontogenesis
structures.
Within
apoplast,
effectors
associate
with
specific
proteins,
enabling
them
hijack
important
processes
morphogenesis
physiology
immunity.
Here,
we
review
recent
findings
on
identification
functional
characterization
targets
effectors.
A
better
understanding
molecular
determinants
these
biotrophic
relationships
would
enable
us
improve
yields
crops
infected
parasitic
expand
our
comprehension
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
77(20), P. 3963 - 3976
Published: April 10, 2020
Abstract
The
immune
system
of
plants
is
highly
complex.
It
involves
pattern-triggered
immunity
(PTI),
which
signaled
and
manifested
through
branched
multi-step
pathways.
To
counteract
this,
pathogen
effectors
target
inhibit
individual
PTI
steps.
This
in
turn
can
cause
specific
plant
cytosolic
nucleotide-binding
leucine-rich
repeat
(NLR)
receptors
to
activate
effector-triggered
(ETI).
Plants
pathogens
have
many
genes
encoding
NLRs
effectors,
respectively.
Yet,
only
a
few
segregate
genetically
as
resistance
(R)
avirulence
(Avr)
effector
wild-type
populations.
In
an
attempt
explain
this
contradiction,
model
proposed
where
far
most
the
NLRs,
targets
keep
one
another
silent
state.
so-called
“iceberg
model”,
NLR-effector
combinations
are
visible
above
surface,
while
vast
majority
hidden
below.
Besides,
addressing
existence
also
helps
why
downregulation
causes
reduced
virulence
lesion-mimic
mutants
found.
Finally,
iceberg
accommodates
genuine
susceptibility
factors
potential
targets.
Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
97(1), P. 45 - 66
Published: Aug. 26, 2021
ABSTRACT
Plant
susceptibility
to
pathogens
is
usually
considered
from
the
perspective
of
loss
resistance.
However,
cannot
be
equated
with
plant
passivity
since
active
host
cooperation
may
required
for
pathogen
propagate
and
cause
disease.
This
consists
induction
reactions
called
susceptible
responses
that
transform
a
an
autonomous
biological
unit
into
component
pathosystem.
Induced
scarcely
discussed
in
literature
(at
least
compared
induced
resistance)
although
this
phenomenon
has
fundamental
impact
on
plant–pathogen
interactions
disease
progression.
review
aims
summarize
current
knowledge
their
regulation.
We
highlight
two
main
categories
according
consequences
indicate
relevance
response‐related
studies
agricultural
practice.
hope
will
generate
interest
underestimated
aspect
interactions.
Microorganisms,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
9(5), P. 1029 - 1029
Published: May 11, 2021
Phytopathogenic
bacteria
possess
an
arsenal
of
effector
proteins
that
enable
them
to
subvert
host
recognition
and
manipulate
the
promote
pathogen
fitness.
The
type
III
secretion
system
(T3SS)
delivers
III-secreted
(T3SEs)
from
bacterial
pathogens
such
as
Pseudomonas
syringae,
Ralstonia
solanacearum,
various
Xanthomonas
species.
These
T3SEs
interact
with
modify
a
range
intracellular
targets
alter
their
activity
thereby
attenuate
immune
signaling.
Pathogens
have
evolved
diverse
biochemical
activities,
which
can
be
difficult
predict
in
absence
structural
data.
Interestingly,
several
are
activated
following
injection
into
cell.
Here,
we
review
documented
enzymatic
well
facilitate
virulence-promoting
processes
either
indirectly
or
through
non-enzymatic
mechanisms.
We
discuss
mechanisms
by
cell,
how
virulence
trigger
immunity.
may
suggest
common
activities
convergent
could
manipulated
protect
crop
plants
infection.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
23(7), P. 3619 - 3619
Published: March 25, 2022
Banana
is
an
important
staple
food
crop
and
a
source
of
income
for
smallholder
farmers
in
about
150
tropical
sub-tropical
countries.
Several
bacterial
diseases,
such
as
banana
Xanthomonas
wilt
(BXW),
blood,
moko
disease,
cause
substantial
impacts
on
production.
There
vast
yield
gap
the
production
bananas
regions
where
pathogens
several
other
pests
are
present
together
same
field.
BXW
disease
caused
by
campestris
pv.
musacearum
reported
to
be
most
destructive
East
Africa.
The
affects
all
varieties
grown
region.
Only
wild-type
diploid
banana,
Musa
balbisiana,
resistant
disease.
Developing
disease-resistant
one
effective
strategies
manage
diseases.
Recent
advances
CRISPR/Cas-based
gene
editing
techniques
can
accelerate
improvement.
Some
progress
has
been
made
create
resistance
against
using
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated
knocking
out
disease-causing
susceptibility
(S)
genes
or
activating
expression
plant
defense
genes.
A
synopsis
recent
advancements
perspectives
application
control
diseases
presented
this
article.
Phytopathology,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
109(3), P. 332 - 346
Published: Nov. 19, 2018
Breeding
disease-resistant
plants
is
a
critical,
environmentally
friendly
component
of
any
strategy
to
sustainably
feed
and
clothe
the
9.8
billion
people
expected
live
on
Earth
by
2050.
Here,
I
review
current
literature
detailing
plant
defense
responses
as
they
relate
diverse
biological
outcomes;
disease
resistance,
susceptibility,
establishment
mutualistic
plant–microbial
relationships.
Of
particular
interest
degree
which
these
outcomes
are
function
plant-associated
microorganisms’
lifestyles;
biotrophic,
hemibiotrophic,
necrotrophic,
or
mutualistic.
For
sake
brevity,
necrotrophic
pathogens
phase
pathogenicity
emphasized
in
this
review,
with
special
attention
given
host-specific
that
exploit
defense.
Defense
related
generalist
necrotrophs
mutualists
discussed
context
excellent
reviews
others.
In
addition,
host
evolutionary
trade-offs
resistance
other
desirable
traits
considered
breeding
for
durable
resistance.
