Clinical Applications and Factors Involved in Validating Thermal Windows Used in Infrared Thermography in Cattle and River Buffalo to Assess Health and Productivity

Animals, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 2247 - 2247

Published: July 30, 2021

Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-ionizing, non-invasive technique that permits evaluating the comfort levels of animals, topic concern due to growing interest in determining state health and welfare production animals. The operating principle IRT detecting heat irradiated anatomical regions characterized by high density near-surface blood vessels can regulate temperature gain or loss from/to environment modifying flow. This essential for understanding various vascular thermoregulation mechanisms different species, such as rodents ruminants’ tails. usefulness ocular, nasal, vulvar thermal windows orbital (regio orbitalis), nasal nasalis), urogenital urogenitalis) regions, respectively, has been demonstrated cattle. However, recent evidence river buffalo detected discrepancies data gathered from distinct these large ruminants, suggesting limited sensitivity specificity when used with this species factors: presence hair, ambient temperature, features, skin thickness variations supplies regions. In review, literature search was conducted Scopus, Web Science, ScienceDirect, PubMed, using keyword combinations included “infrared thermography”, “water buffalo”, “river buffalo” “thermoregulation”, “microvascular changes”, “lacrimal caruncle”, “udder”, “mastitis”, “nostril”. We discuss findings on four windows—the mammary gland udder region uberis), urogenitalis)—to elucidate factors modulate intervene validating interpreting information they provide, it relates clinical cattle (Bos) (Bubalus bubalis).

Language: Английский

---

Infrared Thermography in Wound Care, Surgery, and Sports Medicine: A Review

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: March 3, 2022

For many years, the role of thermometry was limited to systemic (core body temperature) measurements (e.g., pulmonary catheter) or its approximation using skin/mucosa axillary, oral, rectal) temperature measurements. With recent advances in material science and technology, thermal went beyond core found their way medical specialties. The article consists two primary parts. In first part we overviewed current clinical measurement technologies across dimensions: (a) direct vs. indirect (b) single-point multiple-point second part, focus primarily on applications wound care, surgery, sports medicine. here is thermographic imaging modality. However, other modalities are included where relevant for these applications. literature review identified use scenarios imaging: inflammation-based perfusion-based. These rely local (topical) measurements, which different from Quantifying types diseases benefits an area contrast wide adoption technology would be accelerated by larger studies supporting utility thermography.

Language: Английский

---

Efficacy and Function of Feathers, Hair, and Glabrous Skin in the Thermoregulation Strategies of Domestic Animals

Animals, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 3472 - 3472

Published: Dec. 6, 2021

The objective of this review is to describe and analyze the effect feathers, hair, glabrous (hairless) skin on thermoregulation domestic endotherm animals, especially concerning uses scope infrared thermography (IRT), scientific findings heat cold stress, differences among species animals. Clinical medicine considers a mechanism that allows animals adapt varying thermal environmental conditions, process in which presence or influences loss retention, respectively, under hot conditions. Evaluating body temperature provides vital information an individual’s physiological state health status since variations euthermia maintenance vertebrates reflect significant cellular metabolism deviation needs be assessed quantified. IRT non-invasive tool for evaluating responses stress conditions where absence can affect readings detected. Therefore, anatomical regions, characteristics such as structure, length, color, extension, strategies dissipating retaining together constitute broad area opportunity future research into phenomena dermal species.

Language: Английский

---

Pathophysiology of Perinatal Asphyxia in Humans and Animal Models

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 347 - 347

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

Perinatal asphyxia is caused by lack of oxygen delivery (hypoxia) to end organs due an hypoxemic or ischemic insult occurring in temporal proximity labor (peripartum) (intrapartum). Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy the clinical manifestation hypoxic injury brain and usually graded as mild, moderate, severe. The search for useful biomarkers precisely predict severity lesions perinatal hypoxic-ischemic (HIE) a field increasing interest. As pathophysiology not fully comprehended, gold standard treatment remains active area research. Hypothermia has proven be effective neuroprotective strategy been implemented routine. Current studies are exploring various add-on therapies, including erythropoietin, xenon, topiramate, melatonin, stem cells. This review aims perform updated integration pathophysiological processes after humans animal models allow us answer some questions provide interim update on progress this field.

Language: Английский

---

Organic or junk food? Microplastic contamination in Antarctic krill and salps

Royal Society Open Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(3)

Published: March 1, 2023

Microplastics (MP) have been reported in Southern Ocean (SO), where they are likely to encounter Antarctic zooplankton and enter pelagic food webs. Here we assess the presence of MP within krill ( Euphausia superba ) salps Salpa thompsoni quantify their abundance type by micro-Fourier transform infrared microscopy. were found both species, with fibres being more abundant than fragments (krill: 56.25% salps: 22.32% total MP). Polymer identification indicated originated from local distant sources. Our findings prove how situ ingestion these organisms is a real ongoing process SO. amount was higher (2.13 ± 0.26 ind −1 (1.38 0.42 ), while size extracted (130 30 µm) significantly lower (330 50 µm). We suggest that differences between ingested two species may be related strategies, ability fragment as well different human pressures collection areas study region. First comparative field-based evidence salps, emblematic SO marine ecosystems, underlines ecosystems particularly sensitive plastic pollution.

Language: Английский

---

Effects of Long-Term Cold Stress on Growth Performance, Behavior, Physiological Parameters, and Energy Metabolism in Growing Beef Cattle

Animals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 1619 - 1619

Published: May 12, 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a long-term cold environment on growth performance, physiological behavior, biochemical blood indexes, and hormone levels in Simmental cattle. Thirty crossbred bulls (weight = 350 ± 17 kg, 13-14 months old) were selected for two trials at autumn suitable temperatures (A-ST) winter (W-CT) (15 cattle per season). The results showed that compared with A-ST group, dry matter intake (p < 0.05) feed:gain 0.01) W-CT group increased, while body weight average daily gain significantly decreased. Long-term stress also increased lying time 0.01), feeding 0.05), pulse rate rumen volatile fatty acids content apparent digestibility nutrients In terms indicators, concentrations glucose, glucose metabolic enzymes, glucocorticoids, triiodothyronine, tetraiodothyronine plasma but triglycerides, β-hydroxybutyrate, propionate, insulin, decreased 0.01). summary, may inhibit digestive function enhance body's energy metabolism imbalance, ultimately damaging normal development body.

Language: Английский

---

Utilization of Infrared Thermography in Assessing Thermal Responses of Farm Animals under Heat Stress

Animals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 616 - 616

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Heat stress is a condition that can affect the health, performance, and welfare of farm animals. The perception thermal leads to activation autonomic nervous system start series physiological behavioral mechanisms restore thermostability. One these vasodilation peripheral blood vessels increase heat loss through skin. Due this aspect, infrared thermography has been suggested as method assess state animals predict rectal temperature values noninvasively. However, it important consider predicting challenging, its association with IRT not always direct linear relationship. present review aims analyze neurobiological response associated how imaging in different windows be used recognize farmed ungulates.

Language: Английский

---

Using infrared thermography for the evaluation of road transport thermal homeostasis in athletic horse

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 138, P. 105102 - 105102

Published: May 28, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Pathophysiology of Fever and Application of Infrared Thermography (IRT) in the Detection of Sick Domestic Animals: Recent Advances

Animals, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 2316 - 2316

Published: Aug. 5, 2021

Body-temperature elevations are multifactorial in origin and classified as hyperthermia a rise temperature due to alterations the thermoregulation mechanism; body loses ability control or regulate temperature. In contrast, fever is controlled state, since adjusts its stable range increase without losing capacity. Fever refers an acute phase response that confers survival benefit on body, raising core during infection systemic inflammation processes reduce proliferation of infectious pathogens by altering temperature, restriction essential nutrients, activation immune reaction. However, once resolves, febrile must be tightly regulated avoid excessive tissue damage. During fever, neurological, endocrine, immunological, metabolic changes occur cause range, which allows considerably increased stop invasion offending agent restrict damage organism. There different mechanisms at central peripheral levels cellular events. cold heat, brain triggers thermoregulatory responses coping with including autonomic effectors, such thermogenesis, vasodilation, sweating, behavioral mechanisms, trigger flexible, goal-oriented actions, seeking heat cold, nest building, postural extension. Infrared thermography (IRT) has proven reliable method for early detection pathologies affecting animal health welfare represent economic losses farmers. standardization protocols IRT use still needed. Together complete understanding physiological involved process, it possible have timely solutions serious problem situations. For this reason, present review aims analyze new findings pathophysiological heat-loss thermoregulation, adverse effects recent scientific related farm animals through IRT.

Language: Английский

---

Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) and Thermoregulation in Animals: Structural Biology and Neurophysiological Aspects

Animals, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 106 - 106

Published: Jan. 2, 2022

This review presents and analyzes recent scientific findings on the structure, physiology, neurotransmission mechanisms of transient receptor potential (TRP) their function in thermoregulation mammals. The aim is to better understand functionality these receptors role maintaining temperature animals, or those susceptible thermal stress. majority peripheral are TRP cation channels formed from transmembrane proteins that as transductors through changes membrane potential. classified into seven families two groups. data gathered for this include controversial aspects because we do not fully know operate opening closing gates. Deductions, however, suggest intervention related G protein-coupled receptors, dephosphorylation, ligands. Several questions emerge well. For example, future uses controlling thermoregulatory disorders invitation researchers conduct more extensive studies broaden our understanding achieve substantial advances fever, hyperthermia, hypothermia.

Language: Английский

---