Prevention and potential remedies for antibiotic resistance: current research and future prospects

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Oct. 3, 2024

The increasing threat of antibiotic resistance and shrinking treatment options for infections have pushed mankind into a difficult position. looming the return pre-antibiotic era has caused sense urgency to protect conserve potency therapy. One perverse effects is dissemination its causative agents from non-clinically important strains clinically vice versa. popular saying "Prevention better than cure" appropriate tackling resistance. On one hand, new effective antibiotics are required; on other measures use antibiotics, along with increased awareness in general public related use, essential. Awareness, especially resistance, dissemination, potential threats, can help greatly controlling abuse containment Antibiotic drugs' effectiveness be enhanced by producing novel analogs or adding adjuvants current antibiotics. Combinatorial therapy proven successful treating multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections. This review aims highlight global situation discuss methods used monitor, prevent, inhibit, reverse mechanisms fight against

Language: Английский

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Antibiotic Susceptibility Surveillance in the Punjab Province of Pakistan: Findings and Implications

Medicina, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 59(7), P. 1215 - 1215

Published: June 28, 2023

Background and Objectives: The increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) across countries has seriously impacted the effective management of infectious diseases, with subsequent impact on morbidity, mortality costs. This includes Pakistan. Antimicrobial surveillance activities should be mandatory to continually assess extent multidrug-resistant bacteria implications for future empiric prescribing. objective this retrospective observational study was monitor susceptibility pattern microbes Materials Methods: Clinical samples from seven laboratories Punjab, Pakistan were collected between January 2018 April 2019, Punjab being most populous province isolates identified their tested using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assay micro broth dilution methods. antibiotics assessed those typically prescribed Results: In total, 2523 bacterial cultural reports studied. frequently isolated pathogens Staphylococcus aureus (866, 34.3%), followed by Escherichia coli (814, 32.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (454, 18.0%) Klebsiella pneumoniae (269, 10.7%). Most pus (1464, 58.0%), urine (718, 28.5%), blood (164, 6.5%) sputum (81, 3.2%). Conclusions: findings suggest that current options are severally restricted due emergence pathogens. calls urgent actions including initiating stewardship programs enhance prudent prescribing antibiotics. agreeing appropriate therapy as part agreed guidelines, line WHO EML AWaRe book, whilst awaiting culture reports. is alongside other measures reduce inappropriate reverse threat rising AMR.

Language: Английский

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Tackling antimicrobial resistance in primary care facilities across Pakistan: Current challenges and implications for the future

Journal of Infection and Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16, P. 97 - 110

Published: Nov. 3, 2023

Antibiotics are gradually becoming less effective against bacteria worldwide, and this issue is of particular concern in economically-developing nations like Pakistan. We undertook a scoping review order to the literature on antimicrobial use, prescribing, dispensing challenges associated with resistance primary care (PC) settings Furthermore, aims identify potential solutions promote appropriate use antimicrobials Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses extension reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist, comprehensive was conducted used, prescribed dispensed PC Google Scholar Pub-Med were searched period 2000-2023. Papers analyzed basis eligibility i.e., included prescribing practices by general population at homes, prescribers outpatient departments hospitals pharmacists/dispensers community pharmacies, respectively. Two researchers articles thoroughly disagreements resolved through discussion third reviewer. Both quantitative qualitative research studies eligible inclusion. Additionally, selected papers grouped into different themes. identified 4070 out which 46 satisfied our criteria. The findings revealed limited understanding (AMR) physicians pharmacists along inappropriate antibiotics. Moreover, notable prevalence self-medication antibiotics observed among population, underscoring lack awareness knowledge concerning proper antibiotic usage. Given clinical public health implications AMR, Pakistan must prioritize its policies settings. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) need reduce dispensing, improve their AWaRe (access, watch reserve antibiotics) classification guidance, monitor current usage trends, as well implement stewardship (ASP) activities starting targeted locations.

Language: Английский

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Epidemiology of urinary tract infections in the Middle East and North Africa, 1990–2021

Tropical Medicine and Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 53(1)

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Language: Английский

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Point Prevalence Survey of Antibiotic Use in Level 1 hospitals in Zambia: Future Prospects for Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs

Infection and Drug Resistance, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: Volume 18, P. 887 - 902

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

The inappropriate prescribing and use of antibiotics have contributed to the emergence spread antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In Zambia, there is a paucity information on patterns among hospitalized patients in level 1 hospitals. This study investigated antibiotic five hospitals Lusaka, Zambia. cross-sectional utilized World Health Organization (WHO) Point Prevalence Survey (PPS) methodology in-patients admitted before 08:00 a.m. survey day August 2024. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 23.0. prevalence inpatients was 59.0%, with ceftriaxone being most prescribed. Antibiotics prescribed mainly for paediatrics male inpatients. found that 53.0% from Access group while 38.2% Watch Access, Watch, Reserve (AWaRe) classification. Adherence national treatment guidelines 36.0%, empirically without evidence culture sensitivity tests. high low adherence findings this demonstrate need establish strengthen stewardship programs laboratory capacity aid clinicians diagnosing, treating, managing across

Language: Английский

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Increasing the use of the WHO AWaRe system in antibiotic surveillance and stewardship programmes in low- and middle-income countries

JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7(2)

Published: March 4, 2025

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents a major global health threat, driven in part by the inappropriate use of antibiotics including low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Improving quality antibiotic is key rationale for development WHO's AWaRe (Access, Watch Reserve) system. There need to review uptake system since its launch guide future practice. A literature search was conducted between 2017, AWaRe, 2024. Inclusion criteria were studies that reported on LMICs using Eighty-five included review, which 56.4% focused trends, with 28.2% reporting prescribing patterns; 51.7% inpatients. Only 14.1% meeting 2024 United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) AMR recommended target at least 70% human being Access antibiotics, concerning trend overuse (68.2% studies). Dispensing practices revealed significant dispensing without prescriptions especially Pakistan Bangladesh. more available but also expensive than antibiotics. Encouragingly, many are now via system, antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASPs). Wide variation exists proportion used across LMICs, an urgent targeted AWaRe-based ASPs meet recent UNGA recommendations. use, availability affordability essential combat AMR.

Language: Английский

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Current access, availability and use of antibiotics in primary care among key low- and middle-income countries and the policy implications

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 20, 2025

Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), exacerbated by inappropriate antibiotic use, access to quality antibiotics weak antimicrobial stewardship (AMS). There is need review current evidence on access, AMR, primary care across key countries.Areas covered: This narrative analyses publications from 2018 2024 regarding availability use of appropriate antibiotics.

Language: Английский

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Status and implications of the knowledge, attitudes and practices towards AWaRe antibiotic use, resistance and stewardship among low- and middle-income countries

JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7(2)

Published: March 4, 2025

There are concerns globally with rising rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). AMR is driven by high inappropriate prescribing dispensing antibiotics, Watch antibiotics. To develop future interventions, it important to document current knowledge, attitudes practices (KAP) among key stakeholder groups LMICs. We undertook a narrative review published papers four WHO Regions including African Asian countries. Relevant were sourced from 2018 2024 synthesized group, country, Region, income level year. The findings summarized identify pertinent activities for all groups. 459 papers, large number coming Africa (42.7%). An appreciable dealt patients' KAP (33.1%), reflecting their influence on the was marked consistency across Regions, showing antibiotics viral infections despite professed knowledge AMR. similar issues dispensers. Patients' beliefs regarding effectiveness self-limiting infectious diseases major challenge, although educational programmes did improve knowledge. development AWaRe (Access, Reserve) system, practical guidance, provides opportunity standardization inputs. Similar LMICs presents clear opportunities input training based system.

Language: Английский

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Parental Awareness and Practices of Self-medication with Antibiotics among Hospitalised Children in Pakistan: Findings and Implications from a Cross-sectional Study

Advances in Human Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 29, 2025

Abstract Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat appreciably impacting on morbidity, mortality and costs, especially in low- middle-income countries. The excessive use of antibiotics, ambulatory care, primary factor increasing AMR. This includes inappropriate dispensing antibiotics without prescription for essentially viral infections, which prevalent Pakistan. needs addressing to reduce Materials Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among three district hospitals extract data from parents children up 12 years concerning their awareness, practices rationale self-medication with children. Results: Four hundred thirty-eight participated the study, majority between 30 39 (65.5%) possessing secondary school education (28.5%). 27.6% stated that they knew name at least one antibiotic, knowing amoxicillin (33%) co-amoxiclav (19%). prevalence high 63%, principally self-limiting conditions including sore throats (27.1%), fever (22.4%), nasal discharges (20.9%) coughs (17.7%). most commonly consumed were (33.6%), (18.1%) azithromycin (15.2%), common reasons similar signs symptoms before (42.6%) financial constraints (39%). Increasing levels familiarity antibiotic names associated higher usage ( P < 0.001). Conclusions: Self-medication common. Appropriate corrective measures, targeted educational initiatives, are urgently need address ongoing concerns rising

Language: Английский

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Pathogenic bacteria in air samples: an appraisal of the African studies versus other continents

Aerobiologia, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 19, 2025

Language: Английский

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