Role of Oxidative Stress in Ocular Diseases: A Balancing Act

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 187 - 187

Published: Jan. 27, 2023

Redox homeostasis is a delicate balancing act of maintaining appropriate levels antioxidant defense mechanisms and reactive oxidizing oxygen nitrogen species. Any disruption this balance leads to oxidative stress, which key pathogenic factor in several ocular diseases. In review, we present the current evidence for stress mitochondrial dysfunction conditions affecting both anterior segment (e.g., dry eye disease, keratoconus, cataract) posterior (age-related macular degeneration, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma) human eye. We posit that further development therapeutic interventions promote pro-regenerative responses maintenance redox may delay or prevent progression these major pathologies. Continued efforts field will not only yield better understanding molecular underlying pathogenesis diseases but also enable identification novel druggable targets therapies.

Language: Английский

---

A Systematic Review of Carotenoids in the Management of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(8), P. 1255 - 1255

Published: Aug. 5, 2021

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remains a leading cause of modifiable vision loss in older adults. Chronic oxidative injury and compromised antioxidant defenses represent essential drivers the development retinal neurodegeneration. Overwhelming free radical species formation results mitochondrial dysfunction, as well cellular metabolic imbalance, which becomes exacerbated with increasing age. Thus, depletion systemic capacity further proliferates stress AMD-affected eyes, resulting photoreceptors, neuroinflammation, ultimately atrophy within tissue. The aim this systematic review is to examine neuroprotective potential xanthophyll carotenoids lutein, zeaxanthin, meso-zeaxanthin on neurodegeneration for purpose adjunctive nutraceutical strategy management AMD. A comprehensive literature was performed retrieve 55 eligible publications, using four database searches from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web Science. Epidemiology studies indicated an enhanced risk reduction against late AMD greater dietary consumption carotenoids, meanwhile concentrations pigment demonstrated significant improvements visual function among patients. Collectively, evidence strongly suggests that carotenoid vitamin therapies offer remarkable synergic protection neurosensory retina, serve therapy established AMD, albeit these benefits may vary different stages disease.

Language: Английский

---

More than meets the eye: The role of microglia in healthy and diseased retina

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Nov. 29, 2022

Microglia are the main resident immune cells of nervous system and as such they involved in multiple roles ranging from tissue homeostasis to response insults circuit refinement. While most knowledge about microglia comes brain studies, some mechanisms have been confirmed for retina, light-sensing compartment eye responsible initial processing visual information. However, several key pieces this puzzle still unaccounted for, characterization retinal has long hindered by reduced population size within retina well previous lack technologies enabling single-cell analyses. Accumulating evidence indicates that same cell type may harbor a high degree transcriptional, morphological functional differences depending on its location central system. Thus, studying signatures adopted specifically become increasingly important. Here, we review current understanding physiology disease, with particular emphasis newly discovered future research directions.

Language: Английский

---

A Novel “Inside‐Out” Intraocular Nanomedicine Delivery Mode for Nanomaterials’ Biological Effect Enhanced Choroidal Neovascularization Occlusion and Microenvironment Regulation

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(10)

Published: Dec. 17, 2022

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is commonly used in choroidal neovascularization (CNV) treatment due to the superior light transmittance of eye. However, PDT often leads surrounding tissue damage and further microenvironmental deterioration, including exacerbated hypoxia, inflammation, secondary neovascularization. In this work, Pt nanoparticles (NPs) Au NPs decorated zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 nanoplatform developed load indocyanine green for precise microenvironment amelioration, which can penetrate internal limiting membrane through Müller cells endocytosis target CNV by surface-grafted cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-d-Phe-Lys) after intravitreal injection. The excessive H2 O2 catalyzed catalase-like hypoxia relief enhanced occlusion neovascular. Meanwhile, show significant anti-inflammatory anti-angiogenesis properties regulating macrophages blocking vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Compared with verteporfin treatment, mRNA expressions hypoxia-inducible factor-1α VEGF group are downregulated 90.2% 81.7%, respectively. Therefore, realizes a comprehensive effect based on high drug loading capacity biosafety. mode work provides valuable reference treating other diseases similar physiological barriers that limit delivery microenvironment.

Language: Английский

---

Lupin-Derived Bioactive Peptides: Intestinal Transport, Bioavailability and Health Benefits

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 3266 - 3266

Published: Sept. 18, 2021

There is a renewed interest on the reliance of food-based bioactive compounds as sources nutritive factors and health-beneficial chemical compounds. Among these food components, several proteins from foods have been shown to promote health wellness seen in such α/γ-conglutins seeds Lupinus species (Lupin), genus leguminous plant that are widely used traditional medicine for treating chronic diseases. Lupin-derived peptides (LDPs) increasingly being explored they possess multifunctional improving properties. This paper discusses intestinal transport, bioavailability biological activities LDPs, focusing molecular mechanisms action reported vitro, cell culture, animal human studies. The potentials LDPs demonstrate multitarget mechanism regulation glucose lipid metabolism, chemo- osteoprotective properties, antioxidant anti-inflammatory position good candidates nutraceutical development prevention management medical conditions whose etiology multifactorial.

Language: Английский

---

Inherited Retinal Dystrophies: Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Their Physiopathology and Therapeutic Implications

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 1086 - 1086

Published: May 30, 2022

Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are a large group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous diseases characterized by the progressive degeneration retina, ultimately leading to loss visual function. Oxidative stress inflammation play fundamental roles in physiopathology these diseases. Photoreceptor cell death induces an inflammatory state retina. The activation several molecular pathways triggers different cellular responses injury, including microglia eliminate debris recruit cells from circulation. Therapeutical options for IRDs currently limited, although small number patients have been successfully treated gene therapy. Many other therapeutic strategies being pursued mitigate deleterious effects associated with oxidative metabolism and/or inflammation, inhibiting reactive oxygen species’ accumulation responses, blocking autophagy. Several compounds tested clinical trials, generating great expectations their implementation. present review discusses main mechanisms that occur latest therapies under investigation.

Language: Английский

---

Vitreous Humor Proteome: Targeting Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Neurodegeneration in Vitreoretinal Diseases

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 505 - 505

Published: March 6, 2022

Oxidative stress is defined as an unbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants, evidenced by increase in reactive oxygen nitrogen species production over time. It important the pathophysiology of retinal disorders such diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, detachment, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, which are focus this article. Although human organism’s defense mechanisms correct autoxidation caused endogenous or exogenous factors, may be insufficient, causing imbalance favor excessive ROS a weakening antioxidant system, resulting molecular cellular damage. Furthermore, modern lifestyles environmental factors contribute to increased chemical exposure induction, oxidative stress. In review, we discuss current information about vitreous proteome with special on vitreoretinal diseases. Additionally, explore therapies using antioxidants attempt rescue body from oxidation, restore balance, maximize healthy function, well new investigational that have shown significant therapeutic potential preclinical studies clinical trial outcomes, along their goals strategic approaches combat

Language: Английский

---

Protective effect of Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside from blueberry anthocyanin extracts against hyperglycemia-induced outer BRB damage by suppressing REDD1-mediated VEGFA upregulation

Food Bioscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 61, P. 104695 - 104695

Published: July 4, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Selective Gamma-Secretase Inhibition by CHF5074 Attenuates Inflammation and Neovascularization in a Murine Model of Choroidal Neovascularization

Current Eye Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 11

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Purpose Chronic inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). This study aimed to investigate effect CHF5074, a γ-secretase inhibitor, on angiogenesis laser-induced CNV model and elucidate its possible molecular mechanism.

Language: Английский

---

Glia Modulates Immune Responses in the Retina Through Distinct MHC Pathways

Glia, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

ABSTRACT Glia antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) are pivotal regulators of immune surveillance within the retina, maintaining tissue homeostasis and promptly responding to insults. However, intricate mechanisms underlying their local coordination activation remain unclear. Our study integrates an animal model retinal injury, retrospective analysis human retinas, in vitro experiments gain insights into crucial role antigen presentation neuroimmunology during degeneration (RD), uncovering involvement various glial cells, notably Müller glia microglia. Glial act as sentinels, detecting antigens released interacting with T‐cells via MHC molecules, which essential for responses. Microglia function APCs Class II pathway, upregulating key molecules such Csf1r cytokines. In contrast, through I exhibiting upregulated processing genes promoting a CD8 + T‐cell response. Distinct cytokine signaling pathways, including TNF‐α IFN Type I, contribute balance. Human specimens corroborate these findings, demonstrating expression correlating degenerative changes. assays also confirmed differential migration responses activated microglia highlighting shaping milieu retina. summary, our emphasizes modulating response after insults parenchyma. Unraveling intricacies glia‐mediated RD is developing precise therapeutic interventions pathologies.

Language: Английский

---