A Review on the Antidiabetic Properties of Moringa oleifera Extracts: Focusing on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation as Main Therapeutic Targets

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: July 11, 2022

Moringa oleifera is one of the popular plants that have shown significant health benefits. Certainly, preclinical evidence (predominantly from animal models) summarized in current review supports beneficial effects leaf extracts combating prominent characteristic features diabetes mellitus. This includes effective control blood glucose or insulin levels, enhancement tissue sensitivity, improvement lipid profiles, and protecting against organ damage under sustained conditions hyperglycemia. Interestingly, as major complications implicated progression diabetes, including damage, seed could efficiently block detrimental oxidative stress inflammation these models. Notably, (especially extracts) showed enhanced strengthening intracellular antioxidant defences like catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione to lower peroxidation products reduce pro-inflammatory markers such tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (1L)-β, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 nitric oxide synthase. From models common dose was 100–300 mg/kg, within treatment duration 2–8 weeks. Whereas supplementation with approximately 20 g powder for at least 2 weeks improve postprandial subjects prediabetes diabetes. Although limited clinical studies been conducted on antidiabetic properties , findings provide an important platform future research directed developing this plant a functional food manage diabetic complications.

Language: Английский

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The Athlete’s Heart—Challenges and Controversies

Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 80(14), P. 1346 - 1362

Published: Sept. 5, 2022

Language: Английский

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Anti-Obesity Effects of Metformin: A Scoping Review Evaluating the Feasibility of Brown Adipose Tissue as a Therapeutic Target

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 2227 - 2227

Published: Jan. 23, 2023

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is increasingly recognized as the major therapeutic target to promote energy expenditure and ameliorate diverse metabolic complications. There a general interest in understanding pleiotropic effects of metformin against Major electronic databases search engines such PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Cochrane library were used retrieve critically discuss evidence reporting on impact regulating BAT thermogenic activity complications linked with obesity. The summarized suggests that can reduce body weight, enhance insulin sensitivity, improve glucose metabolism by promoting preclinical models Notably, this anti-diabetic agent affect expression transcriptional factors uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), nuclear respiratory factor (NRF1), peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1-α) mitochondrial function expenditure. Interestingly, vital molecular markers involved regulation AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) fibroblast growth 21 (FGF21) are similarly upregulated treatment current review also discusses clinical relevance thermogenesis targets. This explored critical components including effective dosage appropriate intervention period, consistent beneficial obesity-associated

Language: Английский

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Epigallocatechin gallate as a nutraceutical to potentially target the metabolic syndrome: novel insights into therapeutic effects beyond its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 64(1), P. 87 - 109

Published: Aug. 2, 2022

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is one of the most abundant and powerful flavonoids contained in green tea. Because global increase tea consumption, there has been a general interest understanding its health benefits, including bioactive compounds like EGCG. Indeed, preclinical evidence already indicates that EGCG demonstrated strong antioxidant anti-inflammatory properties could be essential protecting against metabolic syndrome. The current review explores clinical reporting on beneficial effects supplementation obese subjects or patients with diverse complications include type 2 diabetes cardiovascular disease. discussion incorporates impact different formulations EGCG, as well effective doses treatment duration. Importantly, besides highlighting potential use nutraceutical, also discusses crucial related to pharmaceutical development an agent hinder diseases, bioavailability metabolism profile, well-known biological properties.

Language: Английский

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The role of epicardial adipose tissue dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases: an overview of pathophysiology, evaluation, and management

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: May 16, 2023

In recent decades, the epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been at forefront of scientific research because its diverse role in pathogenesis cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). EAT lies between myocardium and visceral pericardium. The same microcirculation exists both fat myocardium. Under physiological circumstances, serves as cushion protects coronary arteries from violent distortion impact. addition, acts an energy lipid source, thermoregulator, endocrine organ. pathological conditions, dysfunction promotes various CVDs progression several ways. It seems that secretions are responsible for myocardial metabolic disturbances and, finally, leads to CVDs. Therefore, might be early predictor Furthermore, different non-invasive imaging techniques have proposed identify assess important parameter stratify CVD risk. We also present potential therapeutic possibilities aiming modifying function EAT. This paper aims provide overview CVDs, discuss EAT, options Hence, may represent a novel target management future.

Language: Английский

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Impact of physical exercise and caloric restriction in patients with type 2 diabetes: Skeletal muscle insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction as ideal therapeutic targets

Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 297, P. 120467 - 120467

Published: March 7, 2022

Language: Английский

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Capsaicin, its clinical significance in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 153, P. 113439 - 113439

Published: July 21, 2022

Language: Английский

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Epicardial adipose tissue, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular diseases: recent advances classified by research methodologies

MedComm, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(6)

Published: Oct. 24, 2023

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is located between the myocardium and visceral pericardium. The unique anatomy physiology of EAT determines its great potential in locally influencing adjacent tissues such as coronary arteries. Classified by research methodologies, this study reviews latest progress on role cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly patients with metabolic disorders. Studies based imaging techniques demonstrated that increased amount disorders associated higher risk CVDs mortality. Then, in-depth profiling studies indicate remodeled may serve a local mediator deleterious effects cardiometabolic conditions plays crucial CVDs. Further, vitro coculture provided preliminary evidence paracrine effect cardiomyocytes can promote occurrence progression Considering important CVDs, targeting might be strategy to reduce risks. Several interventions have been proved effective reducing amount. Our review provides valuable insights relationship EAT, disorders, well an overview methodological constructs EAT-related studies.

Language: Английский

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Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Myocardial Disease: From Physiology to Heart Failure Phenotypes

Current Problems in Cardiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 48(10), P. 101841 - 101841

Published: May 26, 2023

Language: Английский

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Perivascular Fat: A Novel Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Disease

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(16), P. 1830 - 1830

Published: Aug. 22, 2024

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) interacts with the vascular wall and secretes bioactive factors which regulate physiology. Vice versa, inflammation affects adjacent PVAT via paracrine signals, induce cachexia-type morphological changes in perivascular fat. These can be quantified pericoronary (PCAT), as an increase PCAT attenuation coronary computed tomography angiography images. Fat index (FAI), a novel imaging biomarker, measures around artery segments is associated disease presence, progression, plaque instability. Beyond its diagnostic capacity, also ameliorate cardiac risk stratification, thus representing innovative prognostic biomarker of cardiovascular (CVD). However, technical, biological, anatomical are weakly related to cause variation measurement. Thus, integrate FAI, research tool, into clinical practice, medical device has been designed provide FAI values standardized for these factors. In this review, we discuss interplay wall, value attenuation, integration CVD marker practice.

Language: Английский

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