Inflammation in diabetic retinopathy: possible roles in pathogenesis and potential implications for therapy

Neural Regeneration Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(5), P. 976 - 976

Published: Oct. 27, 2022

Diabetic retinopathy, characterized as a microangiopathy and neurodegenerative disease, is the leading cause of visual impairment in diabetic patients. Many clinical features observed such capillary occlusion, acellular capillaries retinal non-perfusion, aggregate ischemia represent relatively late events retinopathy. In fact, microvascular injury an early event retinopathy involving multiple biochemical alterations, manifested by changes to neurovascular unit its cellular components. Currently, intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy first-line treatment for macular edema, benefits patient decreasing edema improving acuity. However, significant proportion patients respond poorly treatments, indicating that factors other than vascular are involved pathogenesis edema. Accumulating evidence confirms low-grade inflammation plays critical role development inflammatory factors, interleukin-1β, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 tumor necrosis -α, increased vitreous retina These together with factor, contribute blood-retinal barrier breakdown, damage neuroinflammation, well pathological angiogenesis complicated proliferative addition, cell types including microglia, Müller glia, astrocytes, pigment epithelial cells, others activated, secrete mediators, aggravating apoptosis subsequent leakage. New therapies, targeting these molecules or related signaling pathways, have potential inhibit prevent progression. Here, we review relevant literature date, summarize mechanisms underlying propose inflammation-based treatments

Language: Английский

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Retinal Müller Cell-Released Exosomal MiR-92a-3p Delivers Interleukin-17A Signal by Targeting Notch-1 to Promote Diabetic Retinopathy

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 66(1), P. 1 - 1

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Purpose: Inflammatory processes have been involved in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Interleukin (IL)-17A, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is associated with DR occurrence and development. However, mechanisms underlying the IL-17A impact on need further investigations. Herein, we show that exosomal miRNA delivers signal from Müller cells (MCs) to retinal ganglion (RGCs) facilitate DR. Methods: Exosomes isolated primarily cultured MCs were identified high-throughput sequencing was used indicate differentially expressed miRNAs exosomes. Targeting relationship of miR-92a-3p Notch-1 determined by dual-luciferase reporter assay. treated high glucose (HG), IL-17A, anti-IL-17A antibody, inhibitor, or/and mimic, exosomes derived various treatments applied primary RGCs. mice induced streptozotocin (STZ) subjected intravitreal injection. Results: Expression treatment either absence or presence HG upregulated, effect blocked antibody. The IL-17A-treated downregulated expression recipient RGCs increased neuronal death. These effects suppressed inhibitor but enhanced mimic. In STZ mice, administration RGC apoptosis. hindered inhibitor. Conclusions: MC-released transmits inhibiting target accelerate progression. An containing may become potential therapeutic strategy for

Language: Английский

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The Role of Müller Cells in Diabetic Macular Edema

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 64(10), P. 8 - 8

Published: July 7, 2023

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a common complication of diabetic retinopathy and the leading cause vision loss in patients. Various factors, such as metabolic disorders inflammation caused by hyperglycemia, are involved occurrence development DME, but specific mechanism still unclear. Müller cells type macroglial cell unique to fundus, distributed throughout retina, they play role retinal homeostasis. This article reviews pathological process DME research progress treatment targeting through gene therapy.

Language: Английский

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Obesity‐related early structural alterations in the retina detected by optical coherence tomography

Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 21, 2025

This retrospective cross-sectional study, using retinal spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scans, investigated obesity-related structural alterations in the retina. Ninety-two eyes of 92 healthy asymptomatic participants were categorized into two groups based on body mass index (BMI) measurements: non-obese (BMI < 25, 45%) and pre-obese/obese ≥ 55%) to compare imaging parameters different layers. Structural parameters, including thickness volume values, obtained across distinct layers segmented SD-OCT scans. The nerve fibre layer was lower high-BMI group than low-BMI (p = 0.048). However, presented significantly higher inner nuclear 0.036). In region analysis, difference prominent superior 0.033) inferior 0.001) parafoveal nasal perifoveal 0.041) regions, while changes 0.009) regions. A stepwise hierarchical binary logistic regression model, controlling for age gender, pointed significant associations regionally decreased increased with high BMI 0.001). Retinal detected between healthy, individuals groups. Besides a layer, increase BMI, possibly due Müller glia responses osmotic, metabolic inflammatory stress, awaiting further investigation.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress Implication in Retinal Diseases—A Review

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 1790 - 1790

Published: Sept. 10, 2022

Oxidative stress (OS) refers to an imbalance between free radicals (FRs), namely highly reactive molecules normally generated in our body by several pathways, and intrinsic antioxidant capacity. When FR levels overwhelm defenses, OS occurs, inducing a series of downstream chemical reactions. Both oxygen species (ROS) nitrogen (RNS) are produced numerous reactions that take place tissues organs then eliminated molecules. In particular, the scientific literature focuses more on ROS participation pathogenesis diseases than role played RNS. By its very nature, eye is exposed ultraviolet radiation (UVR), which directly responsible for increased OS. this review, we aimed focus retinal damage caused ROS/RNS related pathologies. A deeper understanding oxidative nitrosative needed order develop targeted therapeutic interventions slow these

Language: Английский

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Protective Effects of the Bilobalide on Retinal Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 194(12), P. 6407 - 6422

Published: Aug. 6, 2022

Language: Английский

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LncRNA as a regulator in the development of diabetic complications

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, which induces the production of AGEs, ROS, inflammatory cytokines, and growth factors, leading to formation vascular dysfunction target organ damage, promoting development diabetic complications. Diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, cardiomyopathy are common complications diabetes, major contributors disability death in people with diabetes. Long non-coding RNAs affect gene transcription, mRNA stability, translation efficiency influence expression for variety biological functions. Over past decade, it has been demonstrated that dysregulated long extensively engaged pathogenesis many diseases, including Thus, this review discusses regulations on primary (oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, microvascular dysfunction), some these may function as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets

Language: Английский

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MSC-derived small extracellular vesicles mitigate diabetic retinopathy by stabilizing Nrf2 through miR-143-3p-mediated inhibition of neddylation

Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 219, P. 76 - 87

Published: April 9, 2024

Language: Английский

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Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Involved in the Pathophysiology of Retinal Vascular Disease—Interplay Between Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(21), P. 11850 - 11850

Published: Nov. 4, 2024

Retinal vascular diseases encompass several retinal disorders, including diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration, and occlusion; these disorders are classified as similar groups due to impaired vascularization. The aim this review is address the main signaling pathways involved in pathogenesis identify crucial molecules importance their interactions. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) recognized a central molecule abnormal neovascularization key phenomenon thus, anti-VEGF therapy now most successful form treatment for disorders. Interaction between angiopoietin 2 Tie2 receptor results aberrant signaling, resulting loss pericytes, neovascularization, inflammation. Notch hypoxia-inducible factors ischemic conditions induce pathological disruption blood-retina barrier. An increase pro-inflammatory cytokines-TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6-and activation microglia create persistent inflammatory milieu that promotes breakage blood-retinal barrier neovascularization. Toll-like nuclear factor-kappa B important dysregulation immune response diseases. Increased production reactive oxygen species oxidative damage follow inflammation together vicious cycle because each amplifies other. Understanding complex interplay among various pathways, cascades, enables development new more therapeutic options.

Language: Английский

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New Insights on Dietary Polyphenols for the Management of Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Diabetic Retinopathy

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 1237 - 1237

Published: June 8, 2023

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a neurodegenerative and vascular pathology that considered one of the leading causes blindness worldwide, resulting from complications advanced diabetes mellitus (DM). Current therapies consist protocols aiming to alleviate existing clinical signs associated with microvascular alterations limited disease stages. In response low resolution limitations DR treatment, there an urgent need develop more effective alternative optimize glycemic, vascular, neuronal parameters, including reduction in cellular damage promoted by inflammation oxidative stress. Recent evidence has shown dietary polyphenols reduce inflammatory parameters various diseases modulating multiple cell signaling pathways gene expression, contributing improvement several chronic diseases, metabolic diseases. However, despite growing for bioactivities phenolic compounds, still lack data, especially human studies, on therapeutic potential these substances. This review aims comprehensively describe clarify effects compounds pathophysiological mechanisms involved DR, those nature, through experimental studies. Finally, highlights as prophylactic strategy further studies approaching efficacy substances management.

Language: Английский

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