Reactive oxygen species, toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: chronic diseases and aging

Archives of Toxicology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 97(10), P. 2499 - 2574

Published: Aug. 19, 2023

Abstract A physiological level of oxygen/nitrogen free radicals and non-radical reactive species (collectively known as ROS/RNS) is termed oxidative eustress or “good stress” characterized by low to mild levels oxidants involved in the regulation various biochemical transformations such carboxylation, hydroxylation, peroxidation, modulation signal transduction pathways Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, phosphoinositide-3-kinase, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related 2 (Nrf2) other processes. Increased ROS/RNS, generated from both endogenous (mitochondria, NADPH oxidases) and/or exogenous sources (radiation, certain drugs, foods, cigarette smoking, pollution) result a harmful condition stress (“bad stress”). Although it widely accepted, that many chronic diseases are multifactorial origin, they share common denominator. Here we review importance mechanisms through which contributes pathological states an organism. Attention focused on chemistry ROS RNS (e.g. superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, peroxyl nitric oxide, peroxynitrite), their role damage DNA, proteins, membrane lipids. Quantitative qualitative assessment biomarkers also discussed. Oxidative pathology cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurological disorders (Alzheimer’s Parkinson’s Down syndrome), psychiatric (depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder), renal disease, lung disease (chronic pulmonary obstruction, cancer), aging. The concerted action antioxidants ameliorate effect achieved antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutases-SODs, catalase, glutathione peroxidase-GPx), small molecular weight (vitamins C E, flavonoids, carotenoids, melatonin, ergothioneine, others). Perhaps one most effective vitamin first line defense against peroxidation promising approach appears be use flavonoids), showing weak prooxidant properties may boost cellular systems thus act preventive anticancer agents. Redox metal-based enzyme mimetic compounds potential pharmaceutical interventions sirtuins therapeutic targets for age-related anti-aging strategies

Language: Английский

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Bioactive Components of Areca Nut: An Overview of Their Positive Impacts Targeting Different Organs

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 695 - 695

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

Areca catechu L. is a widely cultivated tropical crop in Southeast Asia, and its fruit, areca nut, has been consumed as traditional Chinese medicinal material for more than 10,000 years, although it recently attracted widespread attention due to potential hazards. nut holds significant position medicine many areas ranks first among the four southern medicines China. Numerous bioactive compounds have identified nuts, including alkaloids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, fatty acids, which exhibit diverse functions, such anti-bacterial, deworming, anti-viral, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor effects. Furthermore, they also display beneficial impacts targeting nervous, digestive, endocrine systems. This review summarizes pharmacological functions underlying mechanisms of ingredients nut. helps ascertain components discover potential, guide utilization

Language: Английский

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The amount of antioxidants in honey has a strong relationship with the plants selected by honey bees

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

Abstract As one of the main sources natural antioxidants, flowering plants play a role in prevention and treatment many diseases directly indirectly. Honey is considered as an important nutrient supply amount which dependent on plant origin geographical location bee feeding place. The existence valuable communities native endemic species has turned Alborz, Zagros Azerbaijan into most hubs honey production Iran. In this study, we collected samples from more than 90 regions during years 2020 to 2021. We evaluated using melissopalynology method measuring antioxidant activity. rise activity abundance some families well botanical origins. Rosaceae, Amaranthaceae, Fabaceae Asteraceae showed higher influence antioxidants other families. Also, Rosaceae increased with increasing altitude. general, shows different percentage under ecological changes.

Language: Английский

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Ovarian microenvironment: challenges and opportunities in protecting against chemotherapy-associated ovarian damage

Human Reproduction Update, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(5), P. 614 - 647

Published: June 28, 2024

Chemotherapy-associated ovarian damage (CAOD) is one of the most feared short- and long-term side effects anticancer treatment in premenopausal women. Accumulating detailed data show that different chemotherapy regimens can lead to disturbance hormone levels, reduced or lost fertility, an increased risk early menopause. Previous studies have often focused on direct chemotherapeutic drugs follicles, such as DNA damage-mediated apoptotic death primordial follicle burnout. Emerging evidence has revealed imbalance microenvironment during chemotherapy. The provides nutritional support transportation signals stimulate growth development ovulation, corpus luteum formation. close interaction between follicles determine function. Therefore, designing novel precise strategies manipulate may be a new strategy protect function

Language: Английский

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Synthesis, cytotoxicity, antiproliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-metastatic activities of novel 2-Arylidene-indane-1,3-dione scaffolds incorporating 2-Phenoxy-N-arylacetamide moiety: Induction of apoptosis in Hela cells

Journal of Molecular Structure, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 1328, P. 141424 - 141424

Published: Jan. 12, 2025

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress Inducers in Cancer Therapy: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 1159 - 1159

Published: May 26, 2023

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are metabolic byproducts that regulate various cellular processes. However, at high levels, ROS induce oxidative stress, which in turn can trigger cell death. Cancer cells alter the redox homeostasis to facilitate protumorigenic processes; however, this leaves them vulnerable further increases levels. This paradox has been exploited as a cancer therapeutic strategy with use of pro-oxidative drugs. Many chemotherapeutic drugs presently clinical use, such cisplatin and doxorubicin, one their mechanisms action. Further, drugs, including phytochemicals small molecules, being investigated preclinical studies attribute anticancer activity induction. Consistently, review aims highlight selected whose potential characterized specific focus on phytochemicals, induction, effects downstream

Language: Английский

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New insights into the roles of peroxiredoxins in cancer

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 164, P. 114896 - 114896

Published: May 19, 2023

Oxidative stress is one of the hallmarks cancer. Tumorigenesis and progression are accompanied by elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels adaptive elevation antioxidant expression levels. Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) among most important antioxidants widely distributed in a variety cancers. PRDXs involved regulation tumor cell phenotypes, such as invasion, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) stemness. also associated with resistance to death, apoptosis ferroptosis. In addition, transduction hypoxic signals TME function other cellular components TME, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), natural killer (NK) cells macrophages. This implies that promising targets for cancer treatment. Of course, further studies needed realize clinical application targeting PRDXs. this review, we highlight role cancer, summarizing basic features PRDXs, their association tumorigenesis, relationship therapeutic resistance.

Language: Английский

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Chitosan-Based Nano Systems for Natural Antioxidants in Breast Cancer Therapy

Polymers, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(13), P. 2953 - 2953

Published: July 5, 2023

Breast cancer is a major cause of death globally, accounting for around 13% all deaths. Chemotherapy, the common treatment cancer, can have side effects that lead to production reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an increase in oxidative stress body. Antioxidants are important maintaining health cells helping immune system function properly. They play crucial role balancing body's internal environment. Using natural antioxidants alternative mitigate harmful stress. However, 80% limited effectiveness when taken orally because they do not dissolve well water or other solvents. This poor solubility affects their ability be absorbed by body limits bioavailability. One strategy has been considered oral Chitosan-based nanoparticle (CSNP) systems extensively explored due reliability simpler synthesis routes. review focuses on various methods chitosan-based nanoformulation developing effective dosage forms based pharmacokinetics pharmacodynamics properties. Chitosan (CS) could model, its wide use polymeric NPs research, thus providing better understanding vehicles carry stability enhancing performance drugs.

Language: Английский

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Bioactive substances of cyanobacteria and microalgae: Sources, metabolism, and anticancer mechanism insights

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 170, P. 115989 - 115989

Published: Dec. 15, 2023

Cyanobacteria and microalgae contain various phytochemicals, including bioactive components in the form of secondary metabolites, namely flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenoids, tannins, with remarkable anticancer effects. This review highlights recent advances compounds, potential activity, produced by cyanobacteria microalgae. Previous vitro investigations showed that many these compounds exhibit potent effects against different human cancer types, such as leukemia breast cancers. Multiple mechanisms implicated antitumor effect were elucidated, their ability to target cellular, subcellular, molecular checkpoints linked development promotion. Recent findings have highlighted action microalgae, induction autophagy apoptosis, inhibition telomerase protein kinases, well modulation epigenetic modifications. In vivo demonstrated a anti-angiogenesis on solid tumors, reduction tumor volume. Some examined clinical for certain types cancers, making them candidates/scaffolds drug development.

Language: Английский

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The 2023 Report on the Proteome from the HUPO Human Proteome Project

Journal of Proteome Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 532 - 549

Published: Jan. 17, 2024

Since 2010, the Human Proteome Project (HPP), flagship initiative of Organization (HUPO), has pursued two goals: (1) to credibly identify protein parts list and (2) make proteomics an integral part multiomics studies human health disease. The HPP relies on international collaboration, data sharing, standardized reanalysis MS sets by PeptideAtlas MassIVE-KB using Guidelines for quality assurance, integration curation non-MS neXtProt, plus extensive use antibody profiling carried out Protein Atlas. According neXtProt release 2023-04-18, expression now been detected (PE1) 18,397 19,778 predicted proteins coded in genome (93%). Of these PE1 proteins, 17,453 were with mass spectrometry (MS) accordance 944 a variety methods. number PE2, PE3, PE4 missing stands at 1381. Achieving unambiguous identification 93% encoded from across all chromosomes represents remarkable experimental progress list. Meanwhile, there are several categories that have proved resistant detection regardless protein-based methods used. Additionally some PE1–4 probably should be reclassified PE5, specifically 21 LINC entries ∼30 HERV entries; being addressed present year. Applying wide array biological clinical ensures other omics platforms as reported Biology Disease-driven teams pathology resource pillars. Current positioned transition its Grand Challenge focused determining primary function(s) every itself networks pathways within context

Language: Английский

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