Biological Activities of Ethanol Extracts of Hericium erinaceus Obtained as a Result of Optimization Analysis

Foods, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 1560 - 1560

Published: May 16, 2024

Mushrooms are one of the indispensable elements human diets. Edible mushrooms stand out with their aroma and nutritional properties. In this study, some biological activities wild edible mushroom Hericium erinaceus were determined. context, firstly, most suitable extraction conditions fungus in terms activity First, 64 different experiments performed Soxhlet device under 40-70 °C temperature, 3-9 h time, 0.5-2 mg/mL conditions. As a result, total antioxidant status (TAS) analysis was performed, optimized so that objective function maximum TAS value. The data obtained from experimental study modeled artificial neural networks (ANNs), intelligence methods, genetic algorithm (GA). All subsequent tests using extract optimum capacity assessed Rel assay kits DPPH FRAP techniques. agar dilution method used to measure antimicrobial activity. anti-Alzheimer based on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). antiproliferative against A549 cancer cell line. phenolic content measured Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. measurement flavonoids conducted aluminum chloride test. LC-MS/MS equipment screen for presence standard chemicals. found be 60.667 7.833 h, 1.98 mg/mL. It determined has high potential. substance successful at combating common bacterial fungal strains when dosages ranging 25 200 µg/mL. effect attributed its heightened concentration. anti-AChE value 13.85 μg/mL, while anti-BChE confirmed 28.00 μg/mL. revealed 13 This investigation H. exhibits robust extracted appropriate circumstances.

Language: Английский

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Anti-Stress Effects of Tremella fuciformis Berk. Enzymatic Extracts: A Preclinical Study

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 914 - 914

Published: March 6, 2025

Background/Objectives: Chronic stress disrupts neurochemical balance, triggers inflammation, and compromises neuronal integrity, contributing to the development of stress-related disorders. This study aimed evaluate preventative effects Tremella fuciformis Berk (TF) enzymatic extracts on chronic restraint (CRS)-induced behavioral, neurochemical, inflammatory dysfunctions in mice. Methods: Male C57BL/6N mice were administered TF at doses 50 mg/kg 100 daily via oral gavage for 21 days during CRS exposure. Behavioral assessments, including anxiety depression-like behavior tests, conducted. Neurochemical markers analyzed using PCR ELISA, while histological examinations hippocampal regions performed assess integrity. In vitro assays evaluated cell viability, protection against corticosterone (CORT)-induced cytotoxicity, inhibition monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity. Results: supplementation alleviated CRS-induced weight loss, normalized serum CORT levels, increased locomotor activity, reduced immobility time, decreased anxiety-like behaviors. upregulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA, downregulated pro-inflammatory (CXCL2, iNOS, IFNG), mitigated apoptosis hippocampus. vitro, improved protected CORT-induced significantly inhibited MAO particularly MAO-A. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate neuroprotective anti-stress extracts, supporting its potential as a natural therapeutic intervention

Language: Английский

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Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Treatments for Depression in Parkinson’s Disease: An Updated Review

Medicina, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 59(8), P. 1454 - 1454

Published: Aug. 12, 2023

Depression represents one of the most common non-motor disorders in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and it has been related to worse life quality, higher levels disability, cognitive impairment, thereby majorly affecting not only patients but also their caregivers. Available pharmacological therapeutic options for depression PD mainly include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, norepinephrine tricyclic antidepressants; meanwhile, agents acting on dopaminergic pathways used motor symptoms, such as levodopa, agonists, monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) may provide beneficial antidepressant effects. Recently, there is a growing interest non-pharmacological interventions, including behavioral therapy; physical exercise, dance mind–body exercises, yoga, tai chi, qigong; acupuncture; massage; music active repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS); electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) refractory cases. However, optimal treatment approach uncertain, its management be challenging, definite guidelines are lacking. It still unclear which these interventions appropriate stage under circumstances. Herein, we aim an updated comprehensive review both treatments PD, focusing recent clinical trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses. Finally, discuss that currently investigation at level, well future approaches based pathophysiological mechanisms underlying onset PD.

Language: Английский

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Wild Mushrooms: A Hidden Treasure of Novel Bioactive Compounds

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2023, P. 1 - 20

Published: Sept. 22, 2023

Secondary metabolites are hidden gems in mushrooms. Understanding these secondary metabolites' biological and pharmacological effects can be aided by identifying them. The purpose of this work was to profile the mycochemical components extracts Auricularia auricula judae, Microporus xanthopus, Termitomyces umkowaani, Trametes elegans, versicolor comprehend their capabilities. Mushroom samples were collected from Kenya's Arabuko-Sokoke Kakamega National Reserved Forests identified using morphological molecular techniques. Chloroform, 70% ethanol, hot water solvents used extract components. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyze chloroform, all species examined. A total 51 compounds isolated classified as carboxylic acids, esters, phenols, fatty alcohol, epoxides, aldehydes, isoprenoid lipids, steroids. Tetracosamethyl-cyclododecasiloxane (18.90%), oleic acid (72.90%), phenol, 2, 6-bis (1, 1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-, methylcarbamate (26.56%) found high concentrations A. auricular M. T. versicolor, respectively. Fatty acids make up majority elegans chloroform umkowaani ethanol extract, Particularly, play crucial roles anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, anticancer, antibiofilm formation activities. These bioactive elements indicate that five wild mushrooms may reliable sources for therapeutic development. Therefore, additional research is required usefulness chemicals many functional areas improve present understanding macrofungi.

Language: Английский

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List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Language: Английский

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Dimensions and Implications of Cultural Identity

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 60 - 87

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Abstract Cultural identity is intersectional: It includes not only race and nationality but also socioeconomic class, occupation, religion, gender, age/generation, life stage. Culture usefully characterized dimensionally. Hofstede identified dimensions of individualism/collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, gender role differentiation, short-term/long-term orientation, indulgence/restraint. Trust in individuals institutions, as well social capital—structural, relational, instrumental, cognitive—moderate the emotional effects stress adversity. clinicians enables effective treatment. The expression depression mediated by cultural communication styles, with their high-context/low-context, direct/indirect, self-enhancing/self-effacing, elaborate/understated. Word choices metaphors—which vary culture—help identify depression, indicate its severity, reveal suicide risk. Details critical for accurate diagnosis treatment can be “lost translation.”

Language: Английский

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Seeing Depression Through A Cultural Lens

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Seeing Depression through a Cultural Lens, the collaborative work of clinical neuroscientist and scholar comparative culture, examines effects cultural identity on epidemiology, phenomenology, narratives depression, bipolar spectrum, suicide. Culture is associated with emotional communication style, “idioms distress,” conception depression disorders, how people mood disorders might be stigmatized. It linked to structural factors—environmental, social, economic circumstances—that create or mitigate risk sometimes precipitate episodes illness, facilitate impede treatment. shapes depressed people’s willingness disclose acknowledge their condition seek care, relationships clinicians, acceptance rejection specific treatments. context essential understanding underlies motives for suicide, facilitating inhibiting factors, social acceptability death by availability lethal means self-harm. always intersectional—comprising elements related race ethnicity; gender; age, generation, life stage; education; class; occupation; migrant minority status; region residence; religious belief practice. Lens explores implications each these dimensions using salient concepts form sciences; memorable from literature, film, clinic; quantitative findings epidemiology psychometrics. offers readers framework culturally aware assessment management bipolarity, suicidal in individuals populations.

Language: Английский

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Preface

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. xv - xxii

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

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Faces of Clinical Depression

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 23 - 47

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Abstract Current diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) do not capture the diversity of phenotypes clinically significant depression. Culture can entail suppression, normalization, or concealment symptoms. Clinically depressed people who are “subsyndromal” by MDD often fall in a “middle zone” between normal negative emotion and frank mental illness. Alternative clinical depression proposed that better accommodate cultural differences as well variations personality pathophysiology. Such validate illness whose subsyndromal entails functional impairment, persistent distress, suicide risk. Appreciation middle zone clinicians public could reduce stigma facilitate its timely treatment. Questionnaire-based screening tests like nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire, Center Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Beck Inventory function if cut points modified according to culture their translations from English other languages consider connotations explicit meanings items.

Language: Английский

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Unnatural Deaths

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 99 - 112

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Abstract Suicide and other “unnatural deaths” are the most dramatic expression of mortality depression, more deaths from depression bipolar spectrum disorders can be attributed to self-neglect careless risk-taking. A framework for relating culture suicide combines Joiner’s interpersonal theory with neuropsychiatric existential considerations availability highly lethal means: an interpersonal-neuropsychiatric model. Collectivist accentuates thwarted belongingness in those ostracized or bullied. shame and/or “face” contribute perceived burdensomeness. Cultural normalization, rationalization, romanticization increases acquired capacity suicide. Activation inhibition, pain pleasure relate its structural correlates. Mediators include formal education informal acculturation, normalized trauma, lifestyle-related occupation-related illness injury, culturally sanctioned substance use. Religious spiritual perspectives national, regional, ethnic cultures associated hope reasons live.

Language: Английский

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