Cannabidiol: pharmacology and therapeutic targets

Psychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 238(1), P. 9 - 28

Published: Nov. 21, 2020

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. An Updated Mini Review

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Feb. 26, 2021

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a challenging caused by multiple factors, which may partly explain why it remains still orphan of an adequate therapeutic strategy. Herein we focus on the interplay between oxidative stress (OS) and other causal pathogenetic factors. Different reactive oxygen species (ROS) generators contribute to NAFLD inflammatory fibrotic progression, quite strictly linked lipotoxic injury from acids and/or wide variety their biologically active metabolites in context either two-hit or (more recent) parallel hits theory. An antioxidant defense system usually able protect hepatic cells damaging effects ROS, including those produced into gastrointestinal tract, i.e., by-products generated usual cellular metabolic processes, normal dysbiotic microbiota, diet through enhanced gut–liver axis. Oxidative originating imbalance ROS generation defenses under influence individual genetic epigenetic factors as well. Healthy physical activity have been shown be effective also with mechanisms, but compliance these lifestyles very low. Among several considered antioxidants, vitamin E has particularly studied; however, data are contradictory. Some studies natural polyphenols proposed for prevention treatment encouraging. Probiotics, prebiotics, diet, fecal microbiota transplantation represent new approaches targeting gut dysbiosis. In near future, precision medicine taking consideration environmental risk will likely assist further selecting that could work best specific patient.

Language: Английский

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Chitosan, alginate, hyaluronic acid and other novel multifunctional hydrogel dressings for wound healing: A review

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 240, P. 124321 - 124321

Published: April 3, 2023

Language: Английский

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Cannabinoids: Therapeutic Use in Clinical Practice

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(6), P. 3344 - 3344

Published: March 19, 2022

Medical case reports suggest that cannabinoids extracted from Cannabis sativa have therapeutic effects; however, the employment is limited due to psychotropic effect of its major component, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The new scientific discoveries related endocannabinoid system, including receptors, ligands, and mediators, allowed development targets for treatment several pathological disorders minimizing undesirable effects some constituents this plant. Today, FDA-approved drugs, such as nabiximols (a mixture THC non-psychoactive cannabidiol (CBD)), are employed in alleviating pain spasticity multiple sclerosis. Dronabinol nabilone used chemotherapy-induced nausea vomiting cancer patients. was approved anorexia patients with AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). In review, we highlighted potential efficacy natural synthetic their clinical relevance cancer, neurodegenerative dermatological diseases, viral infections.

Language: Английский

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Consensus recommendations on dosing and administration of medical cannabis to treat chronic pain: results of a modified Delphi process

Journal of Cannabis Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: July 2, 2021

Globally, medical cannabis legalization has increased in recent years and is commonly used to treat chronic pain. However, there are few randomized control trials studying indicating expert guidance on how dose administer safely effectively needed.Using a multistage modified Delphi process, twenty global experts across nine countries developed consensus-based recommendations patients with pain.There was consensus that may be considered for experiencing neuropathic, inflammatory, nociplastic, mixed Three treatment protocols were developed. A routine protocol where the clinician initiates patient CBD-predominant variety at of 5 mg CBD twice daily titrates by 10 every 2 3 days until reaches their goals, or up 40 mg/day. At mg/day, clinicians consider adding THC 2.5 titrate 7 maximum mg/day THC. conservative once 1 rapid balanced THC:CBD 2.5-5 each cannabinoid his/her goals mg/day.In summary, using

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress and Lipid Mediators Modulate Immune Cell Functions in Autoimmune Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(2), P. 723 - 723

Published: Jan. 13, 2021

Autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and rheumatic arthritis (RA), are caused by a combination of environmental genetic factors that lead to overactivation immune cells chronic inflammation. Since oxidative stress is common feature these which activates leukocytes intensify inflammation, antioxidants could reduce the severity diseases. In addition activating leukocytes, increases production lipid mediators, notably endocannabinoids eicosanoids, products enzymatic metabolism act through specific receptors. Because anti-inflammatory CB2 receptors predominant cannabinoid in believed as regulate compensatory mechanisms autoimmune While administration eicosanoids vitro leads differentiation lymphocytes into T helper 2 (Th2) cells, also necessary for different0iation Th1 Th17 cells. Therefore, their antagonists and/or deletion abolish inflammation animal models psoriasis—RA SLE. On other hand, non-enzymatic peroxidation, especially acrolein 4-hydroxynonenal-protein adducts, mostly generated an burst granulocytes, may enhance even acting autoantigens extracellular signaling molecules vicious circle

Language: Английский

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The Role of Glutamate Receptors in Epilepsy

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 783 - 783

Published: March 4, 2023

Glutamate is an essential excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing indispensable role neuronal development and memory formation. The dysregulation of glutamate receptors glutamatergic system involved numerous neurological psychiatric disorders, especially epilepsy. There are two main classes receptor, namely ionotropic metabotropic (mGluRs) receptors. former stimulate fast neurotransmission, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA), kainate; while latter G-protein-coupled that mediate activity via intracellular messenger systems. Glutamate, receptors, regulation astrocytes significantly pathogenesis acute seizure chronic Some receptor antagonists have been shown to be effective for treatment epilepsy, research clinical trials ongoing.

Language: Английский

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Cannabis sativa L. Bioactive Compounds and Their Protective Role in Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 660 - 660

Published: March 29, 2022

Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) plants from the family Cannabidaceae have been used since ancient times, to produce fibers, oil, and for medicinal purposes. Psychoactive delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) nonpsychoactive cannabidiol (CBD) are main pharmacologically active compounds of sativa. These have, a long time, under extensive investigation, their potent antioxidant inflammatory properties reported, although detailed mechanisms actions not fully clarified. CB1 receptors suggested be responsible analgesic effect THC, while CB2 may account its immunomodulatory properties. Unlike CBD has very low affinity both receptors, behaves as negative allosteric modulator. activity, receptor inverse agonist, could important anti-inflammatory In this review, we discuss chemical bioavailability THC CBD, action, role in oxidative stress inflammation.

Language: Английский

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Cannabidiol for neurodegenerative disorders: A comprehensive review

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Oct. 25, 2022

Despite the significant advances in neurology, cure for neurodegenerative conditions remains a formidable task to date. Among various factors arising from complex etiology of diseases, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress play major role pathogenesis. To this end, some phytocannabinoids isolated Cannabis sativa (widely known as marijuana) have attracted attention potential neurotherapeutics. The profound effect ∆ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), psychoactive component cannabis, has led discovery endocannabinoid system molecular target central nervous (CNS). Cannabidiol (CBD), non-psychoactive recently emerged prototype neuroprotective drug development due its antioxidant anti-inflammatory properties well-tolerated pharmacological behavior. This review briefly discusses inflammation neurodegeneration demonstrates cannabidiol, highlighting general mechanism action disease-specific pathways Parkinson’s disease (PD) Alzheimer’s (AD). Furthermore, we summarized preclinical clinical findings on therapeutic promise CBD PD AD, shed light importance determining window, provide insights into identifying promising new research directions.

Language: Английский

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The Polypharmacological Effects of Cannabidiol

Molecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(7), P. 3271 - 3271

Published: April 6, 2023

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a major phytocannabinoid present in Cannabis sativa (Linneo, 1753). This naturally occurring secondary metabolite does not induce intoxication or exhibit the characteristic profile of drugs abuse from cannabis like Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC) does. In contrast to ∆9-THC, our knowledge neuro-molecular mechanisms CBD limited, and its pharmacology, which appears be complex, has yet been fully elucidated. The study pharmacological effects grown exponentially recent years, making it necessary generate frequently updated reports on this important metabolite. article, rationalized integration action molecular targets implications animal models human diseases, such as epilepsy, pain, neuropsychiatric disorders, Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory are presented. We identify around 56 different for CBD, including enzymes ion channels/metabotropic receptors involved neurologic conditions. Herein, we compiled found scientific literature multiple actions CBD. vitro vivo findings essential understanding polypharmacological nature natural product.

Language: Английский

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