Cannabis: a multifaceted plant with endless potentials

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: June 15, 2023

Cannabis sativa , also known as “hemp” or “weed,” is a versatile plant with various uses in medicine, agriculture, food, and cosmetics. This review attempts to evaluate the available literature on ecology, chemical composition, phytochemistry, pharmacology, traditional uses, industrial toxicology of . So far, 566 compounds have been isolated from including 125 cannabinoids 198 non-cannabinoids. The psychoactive physiologically active part cannabinoid, mostly found flowers, but present smaller amounts leaves, stems, seeds. Of all phytochemicals, terpenes form largest composition plant. Pharmacological evidence reveals that plants contain which exhibit potential antioxidants, antibacterial agents, anticancer anti-inflammatory agents. Furthermore, reported applications food cosmetic industries. Significantly, cultivation has minimal negative impact environment terms cultivation. Most studies focused make-up, pharmacological effects, not much about toxic effects. Overall, enormous for biological well other medicinal uses. However, further research necessary fully understand explore beneficial properties

Language: Английский

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Enhancing Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa) Leaf By-Products: Bioactive Compounds, Anti-Inflammatory Properties, and Potential Health Applications

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 548 - 548

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

The sustainable utilization of biomass-derived bioactives addresses the growing demand for natural health products and supports development goals by reducing reliance on synthetic chemicals in healthcare. Cannabis sativa biomass, particular, has emerged as a valuable resource within this context. This study focuses hydroethanolic extract C. leaves (CSE), which exhibited significant levels phenolic compounds contributing to robust antioxidant activity. Evaluation using potassium ferricyanide, ABTS, DPPH methods revealed potent radical scavenging activity comparable Trolox standard. UPLC-MS/MS profiling identified cannabinoids predominant secondary metabolites CSE, with flavonoids also present substantial quantities. investigated anti-inflammatory potential CSE RAW 264.7 macrophages IL-1β-stimulated C-20/A4 immortalized human chondrocytes, demonstrating protective effects without cytotoxic or mutagenic effects. Mechanistically, reduced inflammation inhibiting MAPK NF-κB signaling pathways. In silico approaches showed ability CSE's main bind influence activity, confirming vitro evidence. Incorporating leaf into hyaluronic acid-based formulation biotechnological promise treating joint inflammation. Future research should aim elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying these explore CSE-derived mitigating osteoarthritis progression. approach highlights significance utilizing annually increasing biomass waste bioactivity environmental impact reduction.

Language: Английский

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Cannabis Bioactive Compound-Based Formulations: New Perspectives for the Management of Orofacial Pain

Molecules, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(1), P. 106 - 106

Published: Dec. 23, 2022

The management of orofacial pain to alleviate the quality life affected patients is becoming increasingly challenging for scientific research and healthcare professionals. From this perspective, in addition conventional therapies, new alternatives are being sought, looking at use both natural synthetic products. Cannabis sativa L. represents an interesting source bioactive compounds, including non-psychoactive cannabinoids, flavonoids, terpenes, many which effective improving intensity. Here, we aim analyze possible mechanisms action hemp-derived compounds responsible modulatory effects on pain-related pathways. ability these act multiple through a synergistic effect, reducing release inflammatory mediators regulating response endocannabinoid system, makes them agents alternative formulations be used pain.

Language: Английский

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Intracellular Molecular Targets and Signaling Pathways Involved in Antioxidative and Neuroprotective Effects of Cannabinoids in Neurodegenerative Conditions

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 2049 - 2049

Published: Oct. 18, 2022

In the last few decades, endocannabinoids, plant-derived cannabinoids and synthetic have received growing interest as treatment options in neurodegenerative conditions. various experimental settings, they displayed antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective effects. However, due to numerous targets downstream effectors of their action, cellular molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are rather complex still under discussion. Cannabinoids able neutralize free radicals modulate production reactive oxygen species activity antioxidative systems acting on CB1 CB2 cannabinoid receptors. The activation receptors stimulates signaling pathways involved defense survival (such phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Nrf2 pathways) regulates glutamatergic signaling, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, calcium influx, induction Ca2+-regulated cascades, whereas mediated by suppression microglial release prooxidative proinflammatory mediators. This review summarizes main new advances understanding cannabinoids. Because plethora possible pharmacological interventions related oxidative stress cannabinoid-mediated neuroprotection, future research should be directed towards a better interplay between activated signal transduction with aim improve efficacy targeting endocannabinoid system.

Language: Английский

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Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Cannabis sativa: Properties, Synthesis, Mechanistic Aspects, and Applications

ChemEngineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(4), P. 64 - 64

Published: June 21, 2024

The increasing global focus on green nanotechnology research has spurred the development of environmentally and biologically safe applications for various nanomaterials. Nanotechnology involves crafting diverse nanoparticles in terms shapes sizes, with a particular emphasis friendly synthesis routes. Among these, biogenic approaches, including plant-based synthesis, are favored their safety, simplicity, sustainability. Silver nanoparticles, particular, have garnered significant attention due to exceptional effectiveness, biocompatibility, eco-friendliness. Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) emerged as promising candidate aiding silver nanoparticles. Leveraging phytochemical constituents Cannabis, researchers successfully tailored wide array applications, spanning from biomedicine environmental remediation. This review explores properties, mechanisms, obtained Cannabis. Additionally, it delves into recent advancements techniques elucidates optical properties these By shedding light fabrication methods bionanotechnology this aims contribute growing body knowledge field nanotechnology. Through comprehensive examination processes, mechanistic aspects, potential underscores importance sustainable approaches nanoparticle highlights Cannabis-derived addressing societal challenges.

Language: Английский

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Functions of Representative Terpenoids and Their Biosynthesis Mechanisms in Medicinal Plants

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 1725 - 1725

Published: Nov. 30, 2023

Terpenoids are the broadest and richest group of chemicals obtained from plants. These plant-derived terpenoids have been extensively utilized in various industries, including food pharmaceuticals. Several specific identified isolated medicinal plants, emphasizing diversity biosynthesis functionality terpenoids. With advances technology sequencing, genomes certain important plants assembled. This has improved our knowledge regulatory molecular functions with functions. In this review, we introduce several notable that produce distinct (e.g., Cannabis sativa, Artemisia annua, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Ginkgo biloba, Taxus media). We summarize specialized roles these plant-environment interactions as well their significance pharmaceutical industries. Additionally, highlight recent findings fields regulation mechanisms involved biosynthesis, propose future opportunities terpenoid research, biology seeding, genetic engineering

Language: Английский

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Effect of Genotype, Year, and Their Interaction on the Accumulation of Bioactive Compounds and the Antioxidant Activity in Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Inflorescences

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(10), P. 8969 - 8969

Published: May 18, 2023

The phytochemical content and the antioxidant activity in inflorescences of six industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) genotypes, four monoecious (Codimono, Carmaleonte, Futura 75, Santhica 27), two dioecious (Fibrante Carmagnola Selezionata), were assessed for three consecutive years from 2018 to 2020. total phenolic content, flavonoid determined by spectrophotometric measurements, whereas HPLC GC/MS used identify quantify compounds, terpenes, cannabinoids, tocopherols, phytosterols. All measured traits significantly affected genotype (G), cropping year (Y), their interaction (G × Y), although Y effect prevailed as a source variation, ranging 50.1% 88.5% all metabolites except which equally G, Y, G (33.9%, 36.5%, 21.4%, respectively). genotypes presented more constant performance over compared with highest most stable observed Fibrante, was characterized levels cannabidiol, α-humulene β-caryophyllene, may confer on this great economic value due important pharmacological properties these metabolites. Conversely, 27 lowest accumulation phytochemicals years, notable exception cannabigerol, cannabinoid that exhibits wide range biological activities, found at its level genotype. Overall, findings can be breeders future programs aimed selection new improved inflorescences, provide better health benefits.

Language: Английский

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Determining Antioxidant Activity of Cannabis Leaves Extracts from Different Varieties—Unveiling Nature’s Treasure Trove

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 1390 - 1390

Published: July 6, 2023

Cannabis leaves contain a diverse range of antioxidants, including cannabinoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, which offer significant health benefits. Utilising cannabis as source antioxidants presents cost-effective approach because they are typically discarded during the cultivation plants for their seeds or fibres. Therefore, this presented study aimed to assess antioxidant activity selected hemp cultivars, such Białobrzeska, Tygra, Henola, based on results obtained with 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, ferric reducing power, cupric capacity, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assays. The cannabinoid profile was analysed contents cannabidiol (CBD), cannabigerol (CBG), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabichromene (CBC), determined chromatographic following variables were tested: impact various extractants (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol), mixtures (50:50, v/v, well extraction methods (maceration ultra-sound-assisted extraction) in obtaining extracts characterised by different profiles. revealed that selection extractant conditions significantly influenced active compounds' efficiency activity. Among tested conditions, ultrasound-assisted using methanol yielded highest profile: CBD = 184.51 ± 5.61; CBG 6.10 0.21; Δ9-THC 0.51 0.01; CBC 0.71 0.01 μg/g potential Białobrzeska leaf extracts.

Language: Английский

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Cannabis Pharmacogenomics: A Path to Personalized Medicine

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 45(4), P. 3479 - 3514

Published: April 17, 2023

Cannabis and related compounds have created significant research interest as a promising therapy in many disorders. However, the individual therapeutic effects of cannabinoids incidence side are still difficult to determine. Pharmacogenomics may provide answers questions concerns regarding cannabis/cannabinoid treatment help us understand variability responses associated risks. has made meaningful progress identifying genetic variations that play critical role interpatient response cannabis. This review classifies current knowledge pharmacogenomics with medical marijuana can assist improving outcomes cannabinoid minimize adverse cannabis use. Specific examples informing pharmacotherapy path personalized medicine discussed.

Language: Английский

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Current and Potential Use of Biologically Active Compounds Derived from Cannabis sativa L. in the Treatment of Selected Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(23), P. 12738 - 12738

Published: Nov. 27, 2024

Cannabis sativa L. contains numerous compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, including the flavonoids cannabinoids, particularly Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) cannabidiol (CBD). Cannabinoids have an effect on endocannabinoid system (ECS), a cellular communication network, are, hence, widely studied for medical applications. Epidiolex®, 99% pure oral CBD extract, has been approved by FDA treatment of epilepsy. Nabiximols (Sativex) is oromucosal spray containing equal volume THC CBD, it commonly used as add-on unresponsive spasticity in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Several vitro vivo studies also shown that cannabinoids can be to treat various types cancer, such melanoma brain glioblastoma; first positive clinical trials anticancer THC:CBD blend temozolomide (TMZ) highly invasive cancer are very promising. The exert their properties investigations induction cell death, mainly apoptosis cytotoxic autophagy, inhibition proliferation. In several studies, found induce tumor regression inhibit angiogenic mechanisms vivo, well two low-numbered epidemiological studies. They exhibit antiviral effects inhibiting ACE2 transcription, blocking viral replication fusion, acting agents; indeed, prior consumption (a study 93,565 persons Chicago) associated much lower incidence SARS-CoV-2 infections. It postulated cannabis extracts many other diseases systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes, or neurological disorders, e.g., Alzheimer’s disease. aim this review outline current state knowledge regarding currently medicinal preparations derived from C. selected diseases, present latest research potential applications its secondary metabolites.

Language: Английский

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