Thrombocytopathy and endotheliopathy: crucial contributors to COVID-19 thromboinflammation

Nature Reviews Cardiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 18(3), P. 194 - 209

Published: Nov. 19, 2020

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 and therapy with essential oils having antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties

Inflammopharmacology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 28(5), P. 1153 - 1161

Published: Aug. 14, 2020

Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a global health threat. Unfortunately, there are very limited approved drugs available with established efficacy against the SARs-CoV-2 virus and its inflammatory complications. Vaccine development is actively being researched, but it may take over year to become general public. Certain medications, for example, dexamethasone, antimalarials (chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine), antiviral (remdesivir), IL-6 receptor blocking monoclonal antibodies (tocilizumab), used in various combinations off-label medications treat COVID-19. Essential oils (EOs) have long been known anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, bronchodilatory, properties proposed activity SARC-CoV-2 virus. Owing their lipophilic nature, EOs advocated penetrate viral membranes easily leading membrane disruption. Moreover, contain multiple active phytochemicals that can act synergistically on stages replication also induce positive effects host respiratory system including bronchodilation mucus lysis. At present, only computer-aided docking few vitro studies which show anti-SARC-CoV-2 activities EOs. In this review, role prevention treatment COVID-19 discussed. A discussion possible side associated well anti-corona claims made by manufacturers highlighted. Based current knowledge chemo-herbal combination could be more feasible effective approach combat pandemic.

Language: Английский

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An updated and comprehensive review of the antiviral potential of essential oils and their chemical constituents with special focus on their mechanism of action against various influenza and coronaviruses

Microbial Pathogenesis, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 152, P. 104620 - 104620

Published: Nov. 16, 2020

Language: Английский

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Potential protective mechanisms of green tea polyphenol EGCG against COVID-19

Trends in Food Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 114, P. 11 - 24

Published: May 25, 2021

Language: Английский

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Nrf2 and oxidative stress in liver ischemia/reperfusion injury

FEBS Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 289(18), P. 5463 - 5479

Published: Dec. 30, 2021

In response to stress signal, nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) induces the expression of target genes involved in antioxidant defense and detoxification. Nrf2 activity is strictly regulated through a variety mechanisms, including regulation Keap1‐Nrf2 stability, transcriptional (NF‐ĸB, ATF3, ATF4), post‐transcriptional (miRNA), evidencing that responses are critical for maintenance homeostasis. Ischemia‐reperfusion (IR) injury major cause graft loss dysfunction clinical transplantation organ resection. During IR process, generation reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads damage from oxidative stress, oxidation biomolecules, mitochondrial dysfunction. Oxidative can trigger apoptotic necrotic cell death. Stress factors also result assembly inflammasome protein complex subsequent activation secretion proinflammatory cytokines. After activation, downstream upregulation act as primary cellular against cytotoxic effects help promote hepatic recovery during IR. The crosstalk between pathways liver potential therapeutic inducers will be discussed present review.

Language: Английский

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Potential Therapeutic Use of the Rosemary Diterpene Carnosic Acid for Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and Long-COVID through NRF2 Activation to Counteract the NLRP3 Inflammasome

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 124 - 124

Published: Jan. 6, 2022

Rosemary (

Language: Английский

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Implications of Oxidative Stress and Potential Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in COVID-19: Therapeutic Effects of Vitamin D

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(9), P. 897 - 897

Published: Sept. 21, 2020

Due to its high degree of contagiousness and like almost no other virus, SARS-CoV-2 has put the health world population on alert. COVID-19 can provoke an acute inflammatory process uncontrolled oxidative stress, which predisposes one respiratory syndrome, in worst case, death. Recent evidence suggests mechanistic role mitochondria vitamin D development COVID-19. Indeed, mitochondrial dynamics contribute maintenance cellular homeostasis, uncoupling involves pathological situations. infection is associated with altered consequent pro-inflammatory state, cytokine production, cell Furthermore, deficiency seems be increased risk. In contrast, normalize dynamics, would improve production. reduces renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system activation and, consequently, decreases ROS generation improves prognosis infection. Thus, purpose this review deepen knowledge about directly involved regulation stress state As future prospects, enhancing levels population, especially those individuals additional risk factors that predispose lethal consequences

Language: Английский

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Cabbage and fermented vegetables: From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID‐19

Allergy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 76(3), P. 735 - 750

Published: Aug. 7, 2020

Abstract Large differences in COVID‐19 death rates exist between countries and regions of the same country. Some very low rate such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or Balkans have a common feature eating large quantities fermented foods. Although biases when examining ecological studies, vegetables cabbage been associated with European countries. SARS‐CoV‐2 binds to its receptor, angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As result binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT R) axis oxidative stress. This leads insulin resistance well lung endothelial damage, two severe outcomes COVID‐19. The nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like (Nrf2) is most potent antioxidant humans can block particular AT R axis. Cabbage contains precursors sulforaphane, active natural activator Nrf2. Fermented contain many lactobacilli, which are also Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi Korea, westernized foods, slum paradox. It proposed that proof‐of‐concept dietary manipulations may enhance Nrf2‐associated effects, helpful mitigating severity.

Language: Английский

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Flavonoids Activation of the Transcription Factor Nrf2 as a Hypothesis Approach for the Prevention and Modulation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Severity

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(8), P. 659 - 659

Published: July 24, 2020

The Nrf2-Keap1-ARE pathway is the principal regulator of antioxidant and phase II detoxification genes. Its activation increases expression cytoprotective proteins, protecting cells against infections. Nrf2 modulates virus-induced oxidative stress, ROS generation, disease pathogenesis, which are vital in viral life cycle. During respiratory infections, such as severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an inflammatory process, stress epithelium lining activate transcription factor Nrf2, protects from inflammation. reduces angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptors epithelial cells. SARS-CoV2 has a high affinity for ACE2 that works surface spike glycoprotein, facilitating entry. Disease severity may also be modulated by pre-existing conditions, impaired immune response, obesity, age, where decreased level common feature. Consequently, activators increase levels enhance antiviral mediators' expression, could initiate "antiviral state", priming infection. Therefore, this hypothesis paper describes use flavonoid supplements combined with vitamin D3 to potential target prevent and/or decrease SARS-CoV-2 infection severity, reducing inflammation, enhancing innate immunity, downregulating receptors.

Language: Английский

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Potential of natural astaxanthin in alleviating the risk of cytokine storm in COVID-19

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 132, P. 110886 - 110886

Published: Oct. 16, 2020

Host excessive inflammatory immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is thought underpin the pathogenesis of COVID-19 associated severe pneumonitis and acute lung injury (ALI) or respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Once an immunological complication like cytokine storm occurs, anti-viral based monotherapy alone not enough. Additional anti-inflammatory treatment recommended. It must be noted that drugs such as JAK inhibitors, IL-6 TNF-α colchicine, etc., have been either suggested are under trials for managing in infections. Natural astaxanthin (ASX) has a clinically proven safety profile antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties. There evidence from preclinical studies supports its preventive actions against ALI/ARDS. Moreover, ASX potent PPARs activity. Therefore, it plausible speculate could considered potential adjunctive supplement. Here, we summarize mounting where shown exert protective effect by regulating expression pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 TNF-α. We present reports prevent oxidative damage attenuate exacerbation responses signaling pathways NF-ĸB, NLRP3 JAK/STAT. These evidences provide rationale considering natural therapeutic agent risks this suggestion requires further validation with clinical studies.

Language: Английский

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