Covid‐19 and Liver Injury: Role of Inflammatory Endotheliopathy, Platelet Dysfunction, and Thrombosis DOI Creative Commons
Matthew J. McConnell, Reiichiro Kondo, Nao Kawaguchi

et al.

Hepatology Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(2), P. 255 - 269

Published: Oct. 20, 2021

Liver injury, characterized predominantly by elevated aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, is a common feature of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms caused severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with acute-on-chronic liver failure in patients cirrhosis has notably mortality alcohol-related compared to other etiologies. Direct viral the remains controversial, alternative pathophysiologic explanations for its hepatic effects are an area active investigation. In this review, we discuss inflammatory environment it creates on endothelial cells platelets more generally then focus. doing this, present vascular inflammation thrombosis as potential mechanism injury liver-related complications COVID-19.

Language: Английский

Endothelial dysfunction and immunothrombosis as key pathogenic mechanisms in COVID-19 DOI Creative Commons
Aldo Bonaventura, Alessandra Vecchié, Lorenzo Dagna

et al.

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(5), P. 319 - 329

Published: April 6, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

804
Therapeutic strategies for COVID-19: progress and lessons learned DOI Open Access
Guangdi Li, Rolf Hilgenfeld, Richard J. Whitley

et al.

Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(6), P. 449 - 475

Published: April 19, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

420
Endothelial cells are not productively infected by SARS‐CoV‐2 DOI Creative Commons
Lilian Schimmel,

Keng Yih Chew,

Claudia J. Stocks

et al.

Clinical & Translational Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(10)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Thrombotic and microvascular complications are frequently seen in deceased COVID-19 patients. However, whether this is caused by direct viral infection of the endothelium or inflammation-induced endothelial activation remains highly contentious.Here, we use patient autopsy samples, primary human cells an vitro model pulmonary epithelial-endothelial cell barrier.We show that express very low levels SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 protease TMPRSS2, which blocks their capacity for productive infection, limits to produce infectious virus. Accordingly, can only be infected when they overexpress ACE2, exposed high concentrations SARS-CoV-2. We also does not infect 3D vessels under flow conditions. further demonstrate a co-culture with Endothelial do however sense respond adjacent epithelial cells, increasing ICAM-1 expression releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines.Taken together, these data suggest vivo, unlikely may occur if epithelium denuded (basolateral infection) load present blood (apical infection). In such scenario, whilst occur, it contribute amplification. still play key role pathogenesis sensing mounting response

Language: Английский

Citations

125
A fresh look at coronary microembolization DOI Open Access
Petra Kleinbongard, Gerd Heusch

Nature Reviews Cardiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 19(4), P. 265 - 280

Published: Nov. 16, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

110
COVID-19 and the Vasculature: Current Aspects and Long-Term Consequences DOI Creative Commons
Berenice Martínez-Salazar, Melle Holwerda, Chiara Stüdle

et al.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Feb. 15, 2022

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in December 2019 as a novel respiratory pathogen and is the causative agent of Corona Virus disease (COVID-19). Early on during this pandemic, it became apparent that SARS-CoV-2 not only restricted to infecting tract, but virus also found other tissues, including vasculature. Individuals with underlying pre-existing co-morbidities like diabetes hypertension have been more prone develop severe illness fatal outcomes COVID-19. In addition, critical clinical observations made COVID-19 patients include hypercoagulation, cardiomyopathy, heart arrythmia, endothelial dysfunction, which are indicative for an involvement vasculature pathology. Hence, review summarizes impact infection details how promotes (chronic) vascular inflammation. We provide general overview SARS-CoV-2, its entry determinant Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme II (ACE2) detection extrapulmonary tissue. Further, we describe relation between cardiovascular diseases (CVD) their Clinical findings changes reviewed detail recent evidence from vitro studies susceptibility cells discussed. conclude current notions contribution events long term consequences COVID-19, known “Long-COVID-syndrome”. Altogether, our provides detailed perspectives influence

Language: Английский

Citations

87
Long-Term Outcomes of Pediatric Infections: From Traditional Infectious Diseases to Long Covid DOI Creative Commons
Danilo Buonsenso, Leonardo Di Gennaro, Cristina De Rose

et al.

Future Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(7), P. 551 - 571

Published: March 10, 2022

There is limited evidence available on the long-term impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. In this article, authors analyze recent pediatric long Covid and lessons learnt from a post-Covid unit Rome, Italy. To gain better understanding concerns raised by parents physicians relation to potential consequences novel infection, it important recognize that effect post-infectious disease not new phenomenon.

Language: Английский

Citations

81
Combining L-Arginine with vitamin C improves long-COVID symptoms: The LINCOLN Survey DOI
Raffaele Izzo, Valentina Trimarco, Pasquale Mone

et al.

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 183, P. 106360 - 106360

Published: July 19, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

77
Hyperinflammatory Response in COVID-19: A Systematic Review DOI Creative Commons
Marcos Jessé Abrahão Silva,

Layana Rufino Ribeiro,

Maria Isabel Montoril Gouveia

et al.

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 553 - 553

Published: Feb. 16, 2023

COVID-19 is a multisystemic disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The immunopathogenic conditions of hyperinflammatory response that cause systemic inflammation are extremely linked to its severity. This research sought review immunopathological elements contribute progression. systematic using PUBMED, LILACS, MEDLINE, and SCIELO databases articles between May 2020 July 2022 with following search terms in conjunction “AND”: “SARS-CoV-2”; “COVID-19”; “ARDS” “Cytokine Storm”. quality appraisal risk bias were assessed JBI checklists Cochrane Collaboration’s RoB 2.0 ROBINS-I tools, respectively, for vitro studies pre-defined standard literature. resulted 39 articles. main actors this denote SARS-CoV-2 Spike proteins, cellular proteases, leukocytes, cytokines, proteolytic cascades. “cytokine storm” itself brings several complications host through cytokines such as IL-6 chemokines (such CCL2), which influence tissue apoptosis pyroptosis. causes unfavorable outcomes patients, largely dysregulation immune should be controlled their recovery.

Language: Английский

Citations

76
Oral antiviral treatments for COVID-19: opportunities and challenges DOI Creative Commons
Laila Rahmah, Sunny O. Abarikwu,

Amanuel Godana Arero

et al.

Pharmacological Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 74(6), P. 1255 - 1278

Published: July 25, 2022

The use of antiviral COVID-19 medications can successfully inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication and prevent disease progression to a more severe form. However, the timing treatment plays crucial role in this regard. Oral drugs provide an opportunity manage infection without need for hospital admission, easing general burden that have on healthcare system. This review paper (i) presents potential pharmaceutical targets, including various host-based targets viral-based (ii) characterizes first-generation anti-SARS-CoV-2 oral (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir molnupiravir), (iii) summarizes clinical progress other antivirals COVID-19, (iv) discusses ethical issues such trials (v) challenges associated with practice. represent part strategy adapt long-term co-existence manner prevents from being overwhelmed. It is pivotal ensure equal fair global access currently available those authorized future.

Language: Английский

Citations

74
COVID-19 Causes Ferroptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Endothelial Cells DOI Creative Commons
Stanislovas S. Jankauskas, Urna Kansakar, Celestino Sardu

et al.

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 326 - 326

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction have been shown to play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). On these grounds, we sought investigate impact on lipid peroxidation ferroptosis human cells. We hypothesized that oxidative induced by cells could be linked outcome. Thus, collected serum from patients hospital admission, incubated sera with cells, comparing effects generation reactive oxygen species (ROS) between who survived did not survive. found non-survivors significantly increased peroxidation. Moreover, markedly regulated expression levels main markers ferroptosis, including GPX4, SLC7A11, FTH1, SAT1, a response was rescued silencing TNFR1 Taken together, our data indicate survive triggers

Language: Английский

Citations

48