IGEE proceedings (Online),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
2(1), P. 43 - 52
Published: Feb. 27, 2025
We
encounter
plastic
materials
daily.
Many
companies
opt
to
use
in
manufacturing
their
products
keep
production
costs
low,
hence
making
it
affordable
for
consumers.
Though
this
makes
easier
consumers
buy
daily
necessities,
industries
release
1.34
billion
tons
of
greenhouse
gas
annually.
Additionally,
persists
the
environment
because
its
extremely
low
rate
biodegradation.
The
build
up
has
led
dangerous
levels
pollution
which
affected
wildlife,
climate,
and
human
health.
A
prominent
solution
problem
is
ongoing
research
on
bioplastics,
plastics
made
from
renewable
sources
(like
microbes
plants)
instead
petroleum.
current
issue
with
these
bioplastics
though,
that
they
are
not
as
durable
normal
since
easily
degrade.
rigorous
search
a
material
combats
synthetic
plastic’s
durability
chitosan,
biodegradable
sugar
found
exoskeleton
shellfish.
Due
antimicrobial
properties,
lower
degradation
compared
other
bioplastics.
This
chitosan-based
comparable
plastics.
Through
research,
will
be
tested
through
soil
burial
test
tensile
strength
test.
discusses
how
varying
concentration
chitosan
mimics
natural
biodegradation
mechanisms
whilst
combating
Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
6, P. 100349 - 100349
Published: Aug. 9, 2023
Chitin,
a
widely
available
natural
polymer,
is
the
fundamental
structural
component
of
crustacean
shells.
The
processing
industry
produces
lot
shell
waste
each
year
(in
millions),
most
which
discarded
and
poses
serious
environmental
problems.
This
can
be
effectively
utilized
to
produce
chitin
nanomaterials
with
superior
physicochemical
biological
properties,
making
it
applicable
in
various
industries.
In
this
context,
review
outlined
extraction
methods
from
waste.
recent
advancements
nanomaterial
isolation
form
nanocrystals
(ChNCs)
nanofibers
(ChNFs)
purified
are
discussed.
Furthermore,
current
practical
applications
agriculture,
biomedicine,
food
reviewed
better
understand
polymer's
applicability
for
future
research
development.
Angewandte Chemie International Edition,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
63(30)
Published: May 15, 2024
Abstract
Nacre
is
a
classic
model,
providing
an
inspiration
for
fabricating
high‐performance
bulk
nanocomposites
with
the
two‐dimensional
platelets.
However,
“brick”
of
nacre,
aragonite
platelet,
ideal
building
block
making
nanocomposites.
Herein,
we
demonstrated
strong
and
tough
conductive
nacre
through
reassembling
platelets
bridged
by
MXene
nanosheets
hydrogen
bonding,
not
only
high
mechanical
properties
but
also
excellent
electrical
conductivity.
The
flexural
strength
fracture
toughness
obtained
reach
~282
MPa
~6.3
m
1/2
,
which
1.6
times
higher
than
that
natural
respectively.
These
are
attributed
to
densification
orientation
degree
effectively
induced
combined
interactions
bonding
bridging.
crack
propagations
in
inhibited
deflection
bridging
between
In
addition,
our
provides
self‐monitoring
function
structural
damage
offers
exceptional
electromagnetic
interference
shielding
performance.
Our
strategy
exfoliated
from
waste
into
artificial
avenue
sustainable
reutilization
shell
resources.
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
265, P. 131119 - 131119
Published: March 22, 2024
Shell
waste
from
shellfish
processing
contains
valuable
natural
polysaccharides,
including
sulfated
acidic
glycosaminoglycans,
chitin
and
their
derivatives.
These
waste-derived
polysaccharides
have
numerous
functional
biological
properties
that
can
be
applied
in
various
industries,
the
cosmeceutical
industry.
In
keeping
with
global
sustainability
green
industry
trends,
cosmeceuticals
is
transitioning
petrochemical-based
ingredients
to
substitutes.
this
context,
shell
derivatives
play
a
major
role
as
substitutes
for
petroleum-based
components
skincare,
hair
care,
oral
care
body
products.
This
review
focuses
on
presence
of
discusses
applications
skin
sun
indicates
utilization
will
help
create
circular
economy
which
extracted
are
used
produce
Environmental Science and Pollution Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
31(26), P. 38045 - 38060
Published: May 24, 2024
Abstract
Chitinases,
enzymes
that
degrade
chitin,
have
long
been
studied
for
their
role
in
various
biological
processes.
They
play
crucial
roles
the
moulting
process
of
invertebrates,
digestion
chitinous
food,
and
defense
against
chitin-bearing
pathogens.
Additionally,
chitinases
are
involved
physiological
functions
crustaceans,
such
as
food
digestion,
moulting,
stress
response.
Moreover,
universally
distributed
organisms
from
viruses
to
mammals
diverse
including
tissue
degradation
remodeling,
nutrition
uptake,
pathogen
invasion,
immune
response
regulation.
The
discovery
these
expands
our
understanding
significance
potential
applications
chitinases.
However,
recent
research
has
shown
possess
several
other
beyond
just
chitin
degradation.
Their
biopesticides,
therapeutic
agents,
tools
bioremediation
underscores
addressing
global
challenges.
More
importantly,
we
noted
they
may
be
applied
bioweapons
if
ethical
regulations
regarding
production,
engineering
application
overlooked.
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
23(5)
Published: Sept. 1, 2024
Abstract
Shrimp
consumption
is
in
great
demand
among
the
seafood
used
globally.
However,
this
expansion
has
resulted
substantial
generation
and
disposal
of
shrimp
shell
waste.
Through
literature
search,
it
been
observed
that
since
2020,
global
scholars
have
shown
unprecedented
interest
waste
its
chitin/chitosan.
these
new
insights
lack
corresponding
comprehensive
summarization
analysis.
Therefore,
article
provides
a
detailed
review
extraction
methods,
applications,
latest
research
developments
on
chitin/chitosan
from
shells,
including
micro‐nano
derivatives,
2020
to
present.
The
results
indicate
chemical
remains
primary
technique
for
preparation
shells.
With
further
refinement
development,
adjusting
parameters
process
or
employing
auxiliary
techniques
such
as
microwave
radiation
enable
customization
target
products
with
different
characteristics
(e.g.,
deacetylation
degree,
molecular
weight,
degree
acetylation)
according
specific
needs.
Additionally,
pursuit
environmentally
friendly,
efficient,
gentle
processes,
recent
shifted
toward
microbial
fermentation
green
solvent
methods
extraction.
Beyond
traditional
antibacterial,
film‐forming,
encapsulation
functionalities,
into
applications
chitosan
biomedical,
food
processing,
materials,
water
treatment,
adsorption
fields
gradually
deepening.
Chitin/chitosan
derivatives
their
modified
also
focal
point
years.
rapid
expansion,
future
development
still
faces
challenges
related
unclear
mechanism
action
complexities
associated
industrial
scale‐up.
MethodsX,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13, P. 102892 - 102892
Published: Aug. 6, 2024
Waste
from
the
fishing
industry
is
disposed
of
in
soils
and
oceans,
causing
environmental
damage.
However,
it
also
a
source
valuable
compounds
such
as
chitin.
Although
chitin
second
most
abundant
polymer
nature,
its
use
limited
due
to
lack
standardized
scalable
extraction
methods
poor
solubility.
The
deacetylation
process
increases
potential
applications
by
enabling
recovery
chitosan,
which
soluble
dilute
acidic
solutions.
Chitosan
great
importance
biocompatible
bioactive
properties,
include
antimicrobial
antioxidant
capabilities.
Chitin
obtain
chitosan
are
typically
performed
using
chemical
processes
that
involve
large
amounts
strongly
alkaline
To
reduce
impact
this
process,
based
on
biotechnological
tools,
fermentation
deacetylase,
well
emerging
technologies,
have
been
proposed.
These
demonstrated
or
even
avoid
strong
solvents
shorten
time,
thereby
reducing
costs.
Nevertheless,
important
address
existing
gaps
area,
requirements
for
large-scale
implementation
determination
stoichiometric
ratios
each
process.
This
review
highlights
tools
technologies
production.
approaches
truly
minimize
impact,
solvents,
time.
They
reliable
alternative
fishery
waste
valorization,
lowering
costs;
however,
addressing
critical
their
remains
challenging.
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
262, P. 130008 - 130008
Published: Feb. 6, 2024
Crustaceans
and
mollusks
are
widely
consumed
around
the
world
due
to
their
delicacy
nutritious
value.
During
processing,
only
30–40
%
of
these
shellfish
considered
edible,
while
70–60
portions
thrown
away
as
waste
or
byproduct.
These
byproducts
harbor
valuable
constituents,
notably
chitin.
This
chitin
can
be
extracted
from
through
chemical,
microbial,
enzymatic,
green
technologies.
However,
is
insoluble
in
water
most
organic
solvents,
hampering
its
wide
application.
Hence,
de-acetylated
into
chitosan,
which
possesses
various
functional
applications.
Recently,
nanotechnology
has
proven
improve
surface
area
numerous
properties
metals
molecules.
Further,
principle
extended
nanochitosan
formation.
Therefore,
this
review
article
centers
on
crustaceans
byproduct
utilization
for
nano-formation,
food
industry
The
extensive
discussion
been
focused
formation,
characterization,
active
site
modification.
Lastly,
applications
industries,
including
biodegradable
packaging,
fat
replacer,
bioactive
compound
carrier,
antimicrobial
agent
have
reported.