To
account
for
the
effects
of
surface
water
reflection
and
building
diffraction
on
LOS
NLOS
transmission
in
UWSN
spectrum
urban
water-land
settings,
this
research
presents
a
route
loss
model.
Extensive
measurements
are
taken
at
28
GHz
pond
university
campus.
We
also
do
thorough
analysis
other
channel
characteristics,
not
only
power
delay
profiles
rootmean-square
spread.
Results
show
that
networks
may
be
reliably
predicted
using
suggested
This
might
utilized
to
better
install
wireless
land
environments.
Sensors,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
23(13), P. 6025 - 6025
Published: June 29, 2023
Underwater
wireless
sensor
networks
(UWSNs)
have
gained
prominence
in
technology,
featuring
resource-limited
nodes
deployed
challenging
underwater
environments.
To
address
challenges
like
power
consumption,
network
lifetime,
node
deployment,
topology,
and
propagation
delays,
cooperative
transmission
protocols
co-operative
(Co-UWSN)
energy-efficient
routing
(CEER)
been
proposed.
These
utilize
broadcast
capabilities
neighbor
head
(NHN)
selection
for
routing.
This
research
introduces
NBEER,
a
novel
neighbor-based
protocol
tailored
UWSNs.
NBEER
aims
to
surpass
the
limitations
of
Co-UWSN
CEER
by
optimizing
NHNS
mechanisms
achieve
load
balancing
enhance
performance.
Through
comprehensive
MATLAB
simulations,
we
evaluated
against
CEER,
demonstrating
its
superior
performance
across
various
metrics.
significantly
maximizes
end-to-end
delay,
reduces
energy
improves
packet
delivery
ratio,
extends
enhances
total
received
packets
analysis
compared
existing
protocols.
Sensors,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
23(14), P. 6274 - 6274
Published: July 10, 2023
Recently,
research
into
Wireless
Body-Area
Sensor
Networks
(WBASN)
or
(WBAN)
has
gained
much
importance
in
medical
applications,
and
now
plays
a
significant
role
patient
monitoring.
Among
the
various
operations,
routing
is
still
recognized
as
resource-intensive
activity.
As
result,
designing
an
energy-efficient
system
for
WBAN
critical.
The
existing
algorithms
focus
more
on
energy
efficiency
than
security.
However,
security
attacks
will
lead
to
consumption,
which
reduce
overall
network
performance.
To
handle
issues
of
reliability,
efficiency,
WBAN,
new
cluster-based
secure
protocol
called
Secure
Optimal
Path-Routing
(SOPR)
been
proposed
this
paper.
This
algorithm
provides
by
identifying
avoiding
black-hole
one
side,
sending
data
packets
encrypted
form
other
side
strengthen
communication
WBANs.
main
advantages
implementing
include
improved
performance
increasing
packet-delivery
ratio
reducing
attack-detection
overheads,
detection
time,
delay.
Computers in Human Behavior,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
159, P. 108346 - 108346
Published: June 21, 2024
The
Internet
of
Things
(IoT)
is
playing
an
important
role
in
the
development
cars,
smart
homes
and
schools.
Schools
are
using
IoT
technology
to
enhance
student
learning,
digitize
traditional
learning
improve
academic
performance.
rapidly
replacing
school
system
with
a
modern,
safe
system.
Several
modern
education
systems
presented
literature.
difficulty
choosing
while
evaluating
respective
merits
different
has
long
been
concern
for
educators.
In
this
study
we
proposed
hybrid
multi-criteria
decision-making
method
(MCDM)
address
selection
Problem.
To
rank
evaluate
value
required
parameter,
two
MCDM-based
methods
used:
Entropy
TOPSIS
(Technique
Preference
Ordering
by
Similarity
Ideal
Solution).
Twelve
beneficial
features
were
considered
that
represent
fundamental
positive
characteristics
create
intelligent
Ten
educational
as
alternatives
order
carry
out
evaluation.
used
measure
importance
each
criterion
systems.
paper,
propose
how
concepts
can
be
challenge
selecting
based
on
IoT.
Our
investigation
selected
IoT-based
was
found
smartest
safest
set
Finally,
discuss
evaluation
research.
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(7), P. 1474 - 1474
Published: July 24, 2023
This
paper
proposes
a
Cooperative-Relay
Neighboring-Based
Energy-Efficient
Routing
(CR-NBEER)
protocol
with
advanced
relay
optimization
for
MUSN.
The
utilization
of
the
nodes,
among
all
other
sensor
makes
it
possible
to
achieve
node-to-node
deployment.
proposed
method
focuses
only
on
cooperation
and
schemes.
Both
schemes
have
previously
been
implemented,
thus
represents
extended
version
(NBEER)
protocol.
Path
loss,
end-to-end
delay,
packet
delivery
ratio,
energy
consumption
parameters
were
considered
as
part
performance
evaluation.
average
was
revealed
based
simulations,
where
overall
EED
Co-UWSN
measured
be
35.5
ms,
CEER
26.7
NBEER
27.6
CR-NBEER
19.3
ms.
Similarly,
EC
10.759
j,
8.694
8.309
7.644
j.
PDR
calculated
79.227%,
66.73.464%,
85.82%,
94.831%.
PL
at
137.5
dB,
230
173.8
79.9
dB.
Based
simulations
evaluations,
observed
that
scheme
outperformed
previous
Journal of Real-Time Image Processing,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
20(5)
Published: July 30, 2023
Abstract
Deep
convolutional
neural
networks
(CNNs)
have
shown
tremendous
success
in
the
detection
of
objects
and
vehicles
recent
years.
However,
when
using
CNNs
to
identify
real-time
vehicle
a
moving
context
remains
difficult.
Many
obscured
truncated
cars,
as
well
huge
scale
fluctuations
traffic
photos,
provide
these
issues.
To
improve
performance
findings,
we
used
multiscale
feature
maps
from
CNN
or
input
pictures
with
numerous
resolutions
adapt
base
network
match
different
scales.
This
research
presents
an
enhanced
framework
depending
on
Faster
R-CNN
for
rapid
recognition
which
better
accuracy
fast
processing
time.
Research
results
our
custom
dataset
indicate
that
recommended
methodology
performed
terms
efficiency
time,
especially
comparison
earlier
age
models.
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
2025(1)
Published: Feb. 18, 2025
Wireless
body
sensor
networks
(WBSNs),
or
wireless
area
(WBANs),
represent
an
advanced
class
of
where
small
nodes
are
either
implanted
within
attached
to
the
human
body.
When
these
integrated
with
Internet
Things
(IoT)
in
healthcare
sector,
they
collectively
referred
as
Medical
(IoMT).
Body
(BSNs)
have
become
a
pivotal
technology
modern
systems,
enabling
continuous
and
real-time
monitoring
critical
patient
health
metrics
such
blood
pressure,
heart
rate,
temperature,
motion,
movement.
WBSNs
face
numerous
major
challenges
that
impact
their
efficiency
performance.
Energy
consumption
remains
issue,
operate
on
limited
power
sources,
leading
reduced
network
longevity.
Signal
path
loss,
caused
by
interference
environmental
factors,
weakens
communication
reliability.
Additionally,
dual
synchronization
is
vital
for
maintaining
seamless
communication,
but
managing
between
multiple
increases
complexity
energy
demand.
Data
latency
can
occur
due
transmission
delays,
impacting
monitoring.
Scalability
arise
expand,
straining
resources,
while
security
privacy
concerns
persist
sensitive
nature
medical
data,
requiring
robust
protection
mechanisms.
These
issues
focus
ongoing
research
aimed
at
enhancing
WBSN
performance
applications.
In
this
paper,
we
introduce
novel
routing
protocol,
energy-efficient
(EESBSN),
overcoming
challenges.
The
proposed
EESBSN
protocol
incorporates
mechanism
designed
minimize
signal
loss
prevent
rapid
depletion
nodes.
Furthermore,
it
leverages
multi-path
strategies
optimize
extend
operational
life
span
network.
By
utilizing
intelligent
transponder
node
selection,
ensures
even
distribution
across
network,
thereby
its
overall
stability.
Simulation
results
demonstrate
significantly
outperforms
existing
protocols
CRPBA,
H-SAMER,
HCEL,
SEBA,
WHOOPH,
TSFIS-GWO
terms
stability
findings
highlight
potential
enhance
effectiveness
reliability
BSN-based
systems.
International Journal of Mathematical Engineering and Management Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
10(4), P. 797 - 855
Published: April 18, 2025
In
today's
era,
the
deployment
of
wearable
and
implantable
devices
sensor
nodes
is
expanding,
giving
rise
to
new
research
directions
in
Wireless
Body
Area
Networks
(WBANs)
address
various
challenges
such
as
efficient
routing,
security,
interoperability,
power
consumption,
energy
optimization,
fault-tolerance,
reliable
communication,
etc.
Among
all
challenges,
routing
one
most
important
factors
that
needs
consideration
for
data
transmission.
With
use
(on-body)
or
implanted
(in-body)
sensors,
WBANs
are
utilized
e-healthcare
systems
retrieve
physiological
parameters
from
human
body,
systematically
route
them
a
remote
server.
High
network
performance
effective
communication
depend
on
protocol's
design.
Consequently,
primary
objective
this
work
provide
comprehensive
taxonomy
advanced
protocols
used
WBANs.
This
review
paper
discusses
different
WBAN
recent
years,
reported
2019
2024.
The
categories
related
addressed
while
highlighting
their
objectives,
problem
specifications,
advantages,
disadvantages,
simulation
tools,
metrics.
These
evaluated
compared
terms
like
energy,
congestion
control,
priority,
scalability,
latency,
Packet
Delivery
Ratio
(PDR),
node
temperature,
lifetime,
throughput,
path
loss,
Finally,
gaps
summarized
reviewed
protocols,
future
aspects
discussed.
