Advancements in hydrogen energy systems: A review of levelized costs, financial incentives and technological innovations

Innovation and Green Development, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(3), P. 100149 - 100149

Published: May 28, 2024

Hydrogen energy systems (HES) are increasingly recognized as pivotal in cutting global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, especially transportation, power generation, and industrial sectors. This paper offers a comprehensive review of HES, emphasizing their diverse applications economic viability. By 2030, hydrogen is expected to revolutionize various sectors, significantly impacting CO2 abatement demand. In electricity could reduce emissions by 50–100 million tons annually, requiring 10–20 an investment $50–100 billion, underscoring its role grid stabilization. Additionally, the heating sector, facilitate 30–50 tons. We examine levelized cost (LCOH) production, influenced factors like production methods, efficiency, infrastructure. While steam methane reforming cost-effective, it poses larger environmental impact compared electrolysis. The life-cycle decreases scales up, with current costs ranging from $1–3 per kg for fossil-based sources $3.4–7.5 electrolysis using low-emission electricity. These projected decrease, electrolytic regions abundant solar energy. However, despite technical feasibility decarbonization, high still pose challenges. A systematic effective transition economy requires policy financial support mechanisms, including incentives, subsidies, tax measures, funding research development pilot projects. discusses hydrogen's advanced storage technologies such hydrides Japan's ENE-FARM solution residential energy, need strategic investments across value chain enhance HES competitiveness, LCOH, advance learning rates technologies.

Language: Английский

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Prospects of Solar Energy in the Context of Greening Maritime Transport

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 2141 - 2141

Published: March 1, 2025

The aim of this article is to examine existing technologies for the use electrical energy and develop proposals their improvement on maritime vessels. As a criterion evaluating effectiveness alternative sources ships, factors such as greenhouse gas emissions levels, production transportation characteristics, onboard storage conditions, technoeconomic indicators have been proposed. analysis fuel types reveals that hydrogen has zero emissions. However, issues, along with high investment required implementation, pose barriers widespread This demonstrates solar can serve an gases liquid fuels in transport. challenges utilizing shipping are analyzed, trends transport discussed, future research directions sector most significant findings include identification application sector, including adaptation concentrated power (CSP) systems applications; development materials designs panels specifically tailored marine conditions; methods assessing long-term economic benefits using vessels; creation regulatory frameworks international standards ships. Furthermore, hybrid photovoltaic diesel systems, promising could efforts implement direct torque control instead field-orientated well working compensating higher harmonics phase current spectra asynchronous motors.

Language: Английский

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Sustainable E-Fuels: Green Hydrogen, Methanol and Ammonia for Carbon-Neutral Transportation

World Electric Vehicle Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(12), P. 349 - 349

Published: Dec. 14, 2023

Increasingly stringent sustainability and decarbonization objectives drive investments in adopting environmentally friendly, low, zero-carbon fuels. This study presents a comparative framework of green hydrogen, ammonia, methanol production application clear context. By harnessing publicly available data sources, including from the literature, this research delves into evaluation Building on these insights, outlines process, application, strategic pathways to transition greener economy by 2050. envisioned transformation unfolds three progressive steps: utilization as sustainable fuel source for transport applications; integration fuels industries; establishment mechanisms achieving net zero. However, also reveals formidable challenges producing methanol. These encompass technological intricacies, economic barriers, societal considerations, far-reaching policy implications necessitating collaborative efforts innovative solutions successfully develop deploy The findings unequivocally demonstrate that renewable energy sources play pivotal role enabling fuels, positioning global landscape energy.

Language: Английский

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Newly developed detailed urea decomposition mechanism by marine engine urea-SCR system crystallization test and DFT calculations

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 470, P. 144176 - 144176

Published: June 20, 2023

Language: Английский

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Feasibility analysis of green hydrogen production from oceanic energy

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(9), P. e20046 - e20046

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Oceanic energy, such as offshore wind energy and various marine sources, holds significant potential for generating green hydrogen through water electrolysis. Offshore-generated has the to be transported standard pipelines stored in diverse forms. This aids mitigating variability of renewable sources power generation and, consequently, capacity reshape framework electrical systems. research provides a comprehensive review existing state investigation technological advancement domain other hydrogen. The primary focus is on technical, economic, environmental issues. technology's optimal features have been pinpointed achieve utmost production, providing insights enhancements that can propel development efforts forward. objective this study furnish valuable information companies by presenting multiple avenues progress. Concurrently, it strives expand its technical economic outlook within clean fuel sector. analysis delivers into best operating conditions an farm, most suitable electrolyzer environments economical storage medium. production process from systems found feasible possess reduced ecological footprint compared grey production.

Language: Английский

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An evaluation of methanol engine utilization regarding economic and upcoming regulatory requirements for a container ship

Sustainable Production and Consumption, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 39, P. 345 - 356

Published: May 25, 2023

Language: Английский

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Revolution in Renewables: Integration of Green Hydrogen for a Sustainable Future

Energies, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(16), P. 4148 - 4148

Published: Aug. 21, 2024

In recent years, global efforts towards a future with sustainable energy have intensified the development of renewable sources (RESs) such as offshore wind, solar photovoltaics (PVs), hydro, and geothermal. Concurrently, green hydrogen, produced via water electrolysis using these RESs, has been recognized promising solution to decarbonizing traditionally hard-to-abate sectors. Furthermore, hydrogen storage provides long-duration approach managing intermittency which ensures reliable stable electricity supply supports electric grid operations ancillary services like frequency voltage regulation. Despite significant progress, economy remains nascent, ongoing developments persistent uncertainties in economic, technological, regulatory aspects. This paper comprehensive review value chain, encompassing production, transportation logistics, methodologies, end-use applications, while identifying key research gaps. Particular emphasis is placed on integration into both grid-connected islanded systems, focus operational strategies enhance resilience efficiency over long short terms. Moreover, this draws case studies from pioneering projects inform that can accelerate adoption large-scale deployment technologies across diverse sectors geographies.

Language: Английский

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Sustainable hydrogen supply chain development for low-carbon transportation in a fossil-based port region: A case study in a tourism hub

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 65, P. 95 - 111

Published: April 4, 2024

Language: Английский

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Technical Requirements for 2023 IMO GHG Strategy

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 2766 - 2766

Published: March 27, 2024

The 80th session of the IMO Maritime Environment Protection Committee (MEPC 80) adopted 2023 Strategy on Reduction GHG Emissions from Ships (2023 Strategy), with enhanced targets to tackle harmful emissions. This study strives provide an exact interpretation target and reveal technical requirements therein. Decarbonization were expressed in emission scenarios for specifications. Model calculations parameterizations line reduction principles decarbonizing practices shipping sector avoid prejudicial tendency alternative fuels overestimated integral efficiency short-term measures existing predictions. DCS data used first time gain reliable practical efficiencies newly regulations further reduce model uncertainty. results demonstrated that decarbonization goals intensity actually 51.5–62.5% scenarios, which was much higher than recommended value 40% as target. Combined continuous applications measures, onshore power required contribute their maximum potential no later year 2030. Even so, considerable penetration (15.0–26.0%) will be by 2030 achieve 90% 130% respectively, both far beyond expected (i.e., 5–10%). Until 2050, is ~95%. Sustainable biodiesel LNG are necessary choices all periods, while roles e-methanol e-ammonia deserve considered long term. Our findings highlight intense behind a pathway option fair impartial transition zero emissions sector, might meaningful policymakers.

Language: Английский

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Ammonia-powered ships: Concept design and feasibility assessment of powertrain systems for a sustainable approach in maritime industry

Energy Conversion and Management X, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22, P. 100539 - 100539

Published: Jan. 28, 2024

The decarbonization of the shipping industry is pushing towards introduction low-carbon fuels such as hydrogen carriers and installation cleaner propulsion systems. Among different carriers, ammonia (NH3) considered a promising option due to its high volumetric energy density easier storage transportation in comparison with pure hydrogen. Therefore, this study focused on design, modeling, feasibility assessment ammonia-based systems for applications. Two NH3-based fuel cell power generation are analyzed: i) Proton exchange membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) system ii) Solid Oxide (SOFC) system. These designed replace conventional diesel powertrain installed board container ship. consumption, according ship load profile, calculated analysis masses volumes tanks performed. Results highlight that proposed technologies causes greater respect This criticality, face an advantage terms avoided CO2 emissions per cruise, could be overcome by accepting cargo capacity reduction. It estimated reduction range 3.3% - 4.8% cell-based solutions. However, valorizing emissions, it possible recover economic penalty break-even reference scenario.

Language: Английский

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